Let \(A\) be a \(4 \times 4\) matrix with determinant \( -2 \).
- Let \(M\) be the matrix obtained from \(A\) by applying the row operation \( R_1 \to -4R_1 \). What is \(\operatorname{det}\ M\)?
- Let \(N\) be the matrix obtained from \(A\) by applying the row operation \( R_1 \to R_1 + -3R_2 \). What is \(\operatorname{det}\ N\)?
- Let \(P\) be the matrix obtained from \(A\) by applying the row operation \( R_1 \leftrightarrow R_4 \). What is \(\operatorname{det}\ P\)?