Let \(V\) be the set of all pairs \((x,y)\) of real numbers together with the following operations:
\[(x_1,y_1)\oplus (x_2,y_2)= \left(x_{1} + x_{2},\,y_{1} + y_{2}\right) \]
\[c \odot (x,y) = \left(c^{2} x,\,c^{3} y\right) .\]
(a) Show that scalar multiplication distributes over vector addition, that is:
\[c\odot \left((x_1,y_1)\oplus(x_2,y_2)\right)=c\odot(x_1,y_1)\oplus c\odot(x_2,y_2). \]
(b) Explain why \(V\) nonetheless is not a vector space.
Answer:
\(V\) is not a vector space, which may be shown by demonstrating that any one of the following properties do not hold: