mythread.h

// SPDX-License-Identifier: 0BSD

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
/// \file       mythread.h
/// \brief      Some threading related helper macros and functions
//
//  Author:     Lasse Collin
//
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

#ifndef MYTHREAD_H
#define MYTHREAD_H

#include "sysdefs.h"

// If any type of threading is enabled, #define MYTHREAD_ENABLED.
#if defined(MYTHREAD_POSIX) || defined(MYTHREAD_WIN95) \
		|| defined(MYTHREAD_VISTA)
#	define MYTHREAD_ENABLED 1
#endif


#ifdef MYTHREAD_ENABLED

////////////////////////////////////////
// Shared between all threading types //
////////////////////////////////////////

// Locks a mutex for a duration of a block.
//
// Perform mythread_mutex_lock(&mutex) in the beginning of a block
// and mythread_mutex_unlock(&mutex) at the end of the block. "break"
// may be used to unlock the mutex and jump out of the block.
// mythread_sync blocks may be nested.
//
// Example:
//
//     mythread_sync(mutex) {
//         foo();
//         if (some_error)
//             break; // Skips bar()
//         bar();
//     }
//
// At least GCC optimizes the loops completely away so it doesn't slow
// things down at all compared to plain mythread_mutex_lock(&mutex)
// and mythread_mutex_unlock(&mutex) calls.
//
#define mythread_sync(mutex) mythread_sync_helper1(mutex, __LINE__)
#define mythread_sync_helper1(mutex, line) mythread_sync_helper2(mutex, line)
#define mythread_sync_helper2(mutex, line) \
	for (unsigned int mythread_i_ ## line = 0; \
			mythread_i_ ## line \
				? (mythread_mutex_unlock(&(mutex)), 0) \
				: (mythread_mutex_lock(&(mutex)), 1); \
			mythread_i_ ## line = 1) \
		for (unsigned int mythread_j_ ## line = 0; \
				!mythread_j_ ## line; \
				mythread_j_ ## line = 1)
#endif


#if !defined(MYTHREAD_ENABLED)

//////////////////
// No threading //
//////////////////

// Calls the given function once. This isn't thread safe.
#define mythread_once(func) \
do { \
	static bool once_ = false; \
	if (!once_) { \
		func(); \
		once_ = true; \
	} \
} while (0)


#if !(defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)) && !defined(__wasm__)
// Use sigprocmask() to set the signal mask in single-threaded programs.
#include <signal.h>

static inline void
mythread_sigmask(int how, const sigset_t *restrict set,
		sigset_t *restrict oset)
{
	int ret = sigprocmask(how, set, oset);
	assert(ret == 0);
	(void)ret;
}
#endif


#elif defined(MYTHREAD_POSIX)

////////////////////
// Using pthreads //
////////////////////

#include <pthread.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <errno.h>

// If clock_gettime() isn't available, use gettimeofday() from <sys/time.h>
// as a fallback. gettimeofday() is in SUSv2 and thus is supported on all
// relevant POSIX systems.
#ifndef HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME
#	include <sys/time.h>
#endif

// MinGW-w64 with winpthreads:
//
// NOTE: Typical builds with MinGW-w64 don't use this code (MYTHREAD_POSIX).
// Instead, native Windows threading APIs are used (MYTHREAD_VISTA or
// MYTHREAD_WIN95).
//
// MinGW-w64 has _sigset_t (an integer type) in <sys/types.h>.
// If _POSIX was #defined, the header would add the alias sigset_t too.
// Let's keep this working even without _POSIX.
//
// There are no functions that actually do something with sigset_t
// because signals barely exist on Windows. The sigfillset macro below
// is just to silence warnings. There is no sigfillset() in MinGW-w64.
#ifdef __MINGW32__
#	include <sys/types.h>
#	define sigset_t _sigset_t
#	define sigfillset(set_ptr) do { *(set_ptr) = 0; } while (0)
#endif

#define MYTHREAD_RET_TYPE void *
#define MYTHREAD_RET_VALUE NULL

typedef pthread_t mythread;
typedef pthread_mutex_t mythread_mutex;

typedef struct {
	pthread_cond_t cond;
#ifdef HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME
	// Clock ID (CLOCK_REALTIME or CLOCK_MONOTONIC) associated with
	// the condition variable.
	clockid_t clk_id;
#endif
} mythread_cond;

typedef struct timespec mythread_condtime;


// Calls the given function once in a thread-safe way.
#define mythread_once(func) \
	do { \
		static pthread_once_t once_ = PTHREAD_ONCE_INIT; \
		pthread_once(&once_, &func); \
	} while (0)


// Use pthread_sigmask() to set the signal mask in multi-threaded programs.
// Do nothing on OpenVMS since it lacks pthread_sigmask().
// Do nothing on MinGW-w64 too to silence warnings (its pthread_sigmask()
// is #defined to 0 so it's a no-op).
static inline void
mythread_sigmask(int how, const sigset_t *restrict set,
		sigset_t *restrict oset)
{
#if defined(__VMS) || defined(__MINGW32__)
	(void)how;
	(void)set;
	(void)oset;
#else
	int ret = pthread_sigmask(how, set, oset);
	assert(ret == 0);
	(void)ret;
#endif
}


// Creates a new thread with all signals blocked. Returns zero on success
// and non-zero on error.
static inline int
mythread_create(mythread *thread, void *(*func)(void *arg), void *arg)
{
	sigset_t old;
	sigset_t all;
	sigfillset(&all);

	mythread_sigmask(SIG_SETMASK, &all, &old);
	const int ret = pthread_create(thread, NULL, func, arg);
	mythread_sigmask(SIG_SETMASK, &old, NULL);

	return ret;
}

// Joins a thread. Returns zero on success and non-zero on error.
static inline int
mythread_join(mythread thread)
{
	return pthread_join(thread, NULL);
}


// Initializes a mutex. Returns zero on success and non-zero on error.
static inline int
mythread_mutex_init(mythread_mutex *mutex)
{
	return pthread_mutex_init(mutex, NULL);
}

static inline void
mythread_mutex_destroy(mythread_mutex *mutex)
{
	int ret = pthread_mutex_destroy(mutex);
	assert(ret == 0);
	(void)ret;
}

static inline void
mythread_mutex_lock(mythread_mutex *mutex)
{
	int ret = pthread_mutex_lock(mutex);
	assert(ret == 0);
	(void)ret;
}

static inline void
mythread_mutex_unlock(mythread_mutex *mutex)
{
	int ret = pthread_mutex_unlock(mutex);
	assert(ret == 0);
	(void)ret;
}


// Initializes a condition variable.
//
// Using CLOCK_MONOTONIC instead of the default CLOCK_REALTIME makes the
// timeout in pthread_cond_timedwait() work correctly also if system time
// is suddenly changed. Unfortunately CLOCK_MONOTONIC isn't available
// everywhere while the default CLOCK_REALTIME is, so the default is
// used if CLOCK_MONOTONIC isn't available.
//
// If clock_gettime() isn't available at all, gettimeofday() will be used.
static inline int
mythread_cond_init(mythread_cond *mycond)
{
#ifdef HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME
#	if defined(HAVE_PTHREAD_CONDATTR_SETCLOCK) && \
		defined(HAVE_CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
	struct timespec ts;
	pthread_condattr_t condattr;

	// POSIX doesn't seem to *require* that pthread_condattr_setclock()
	// will fail if given an unsupported clock ID. Test that
	// CLOCK_MONOTONIC really is supported using clock_gettime().
	if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts) == 0
			&& pthread_condattr_init(&condattr) == 0) {
		int ret = pthread_condattr_setclock(
				&condattr, CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
		if (ret == 0)
			ret = pthread_cond_init(&mycond->cond, &condattr);

		pthread_condattr_destroy(&condattr);

		if (ret == 0) {
			mycond->clk_id = CLOCK_MONOTONIC;
			return 0;
		}
	}

	// If anything above fails, fall back to the default CLOCK_REALTIME.
	// POSIX requires that all implementations of clock_gettime() must
	// support at least CLOCK_REALTIME.
#	endif

	mycond->clk_id = CLOCK_REALTIME;
#endif

	return pthread_cond_init(&mycond->cond, NULL);
}

static inline void
mythread_cond_destroy(mythread_cond *cond)
{
	int ret = pthread_cond_destroy(&cond->cond);
	assert(ret == 0);
	(void)ret;
}

static inline void
mythread_cond_signal(mythread_cond *cond)
{
	int ret = pthread_cond_signal(&cond->cond);
	assert(ret == 0);
	(void)ret;
}

static inline void
mythread_cond_wait(mythread_cond *cond, mythread_mutex *mutex)
{
	int ret = pthread_cond_wait(&cond->cond, mutex);
	assert(ret == 0);
	(void)ret;
}

// Waits on a condition or until a timeout expires. If the timeout expires,
// non-zero is returned, otherwise zero is returned.
static inline int
mythread_cond_timedwait(mythread_cond *cond, mythread_mutex *mutex,
		const mythread_condtime *condtime)
{
	int ret = pthread_cond_timedwait(&cond->cond, mutex, condtime);
	assert(ret == 0 || ret == ETIMEDOUT);
	return ret;
}

// Sets condtime to the absolute time that is timeout_ms milliseconds
// in the future. The type of the clock to use is taken from cond.
static inline void
mythread_condtime_set(mythread_condtime *condtime, const mythread_cond *cond,
		uint32_t timeout_ms)
{
	condtime->tv_sec = (time_t)(timeout_ms / 1000);
	condtime->tv_nsec = (long)((timeout_ms % 1000) * 1000000);

#ifdef HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME
	struct timespec now;
	int ret = clock_gettime(cond->clk_id, &now);
	assert(ret == 0);
	(void)ret;

	condtime->tv_sec += now.tv_sec;
	condtime->tv_nsec += now.tv_nsec;
#else
	(void)cond;

	struct timeval now;
	gettimeofday(&now, NULL);

	condtime->tv_sec += now.tv_sec;
	condtime->tv_nsec += now.tv_usec * 1000L;
#endif

	// tv_nsec must stay in the range [0, 999_999_999].
	if (condtime->tv_nsec >= 1000000000L) {
		condtime->tv_nsec -= 1000000000L;
		++condtime->tv_sec;
	}
}


#elif defined(MYTHREAD_WIN95) || defined(MYTHREAD_VISTA)

/////////////////////
// Windows threads //
/////////////////////

#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#ifdef MYTHREAD_VISTA
#	undef _WIN32_WINNT
#	define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0600
#endif
#include <windows.h>
#include <process.h>

#define MYTHREAD_RET_TYPE unsigned int __stdcall
#define MYTHREAD_RET_VALUE 0

typedef HANDLE mythread;
typedef CRITICAL_SECTION mythread_mutex;

#ifdef MYTHREAD_WIN95
typedef HANDLE mythread_cond;
#else
typedef CONDITION_VARIABLE mythread_cond;
#endif

typedef struct {
	// Tick count (milliseconds) in the beginning of the timeout.
	// NOTE: This is 32 bits so it wraps around after 49.7 days.
	// Multi-day timeouts may not work as expected.
	DWORD start;

	// Length of the timeout in milliseconds. The timeout expires
	// when the current tick count minus "start" is equal or greater
	// than "timeout".
	DWORD timeout;
} mythread_condtime;


// mythread_once() is only available with Vista threads.
#ifdef MYTHREAD_VISTA
#define mythread_once(func) \
	do { \
		static INIT_ONCE once_ = INIT_ONCE_STATIC_INIT; \
		BOOL pending_; \
		if (!InitOnceBeginInitialize(&once_, 0, &pending_, NULL)) \
			abort(); \
		if (pending_) { \
			func(); \
			if (!InitOnceComplete(&once_, 0, NULL)) \
				abort(); \
		} \
	} while (0)
#endif


// mythread_sigmask() isn't available on Windows. Even a dummy version would
// make no sense because the other POSIX signal functions are missing anyway.


static inline int
mythread_create(mythread *thread,
		unsigned int (__stdcall *func)(void *arg), void *arg)
{
	uintptr_t ret = _beginthreadex(NULL, 0, func, arg, 0, NULL);
	if (ret == 0)
		return -1;

	*thread = (HANDLE)ret;
	return 0;
}

static inline int
mythread_join(mythread thread)
{
	int ret = 0;

	if (WaitForSingleObject(thread, INFINITE) != WAIT_OBJECT_0)
		ret = -1;

	if (!CloseHandle(thread))
		ret = -1;

	return ret;
}


static inline int
mythread_mutex_init(mythread_mutex *mutex)
{
	InitializeCriticalSection(mutex);
	return 0;
}

static inline void
mythread_mutex_destroy(mythread_mutex *mutex)
{
	DeleteCriticalSection(mutex);
}

static inline void
mythread_mutex_lock(mythread_mutex *mutex)
{
	EnterCriticalSection(mutex);
}

static inline void
mythread_mutex_unlock(mythread_mutex *mutex)
{
	LeaveCriticalSection(mutex);
}


static inline int
mythread_cond_init(mythread_cond *cond)
{
#ifdef MYTHREAD_WIN95
	*cond = CreateEvent(NULL, FALSE, FALSE, NULL);
	return *cond == NULL ? -1 : 0;
#else
	InitializeConditionVariable(cond);
	return 0;
#endif
}

static inline void
mythread_cond_destroy(mythread_cond *cond)
{
#ifdef MYTHREAD_WIN95
	CloseHandle(*cond);
#else
	(void)cond;
#endif
}

static inline void
mythread_cond_signal(mythread_cond *cond)
{
#ifdef MYTHREAD_WIN95
	SetEvent(*cond);
#else
	WakeConditionVariable(cond);
#endif
}

static inline void
mythread_cond_wait(mythread_cond *cond, mythread_mutex *mutex)
{
#ifdef MYTHREAD_WIN95
	LeaveCriticalSection(mutex);
	WaitForSingleObject(*cond, INFINITE);
	EnterCriticalSection(mutex);
#else
	BOOL ret = SleepConditionVariableCS(cond, mutex, INFINITE);
	assert(ret);
	(void)ret;
#endif
}

static inline int
mythread_cond_timedwait(mythread_cond *cond, mythread_mutex *mutex,
		const mythread_condtime *condtime)
{
#ifdef MYTHREAD_WIN95
	LeaveCriticalSection(mutex);
#endif

	DWORD elapsed = GetTickCount() - condtime->start;
	DWORD timeout = elapsed >= condtime->timeout
			? 0 : condtime->timeout - elapsed;

#ifdef MYTHREAD_WIN95
	DWORD ret = WaitForSingleObject(*cond, timeout);
	assert(ret == WAIT_OBJECT_0 || ret == WAIT_TIMEOUT);

	EnterCriticalSection(mutex);

	return ret == WAIT_TIMEOUT;
#else
	BOOL ret = SleepConditionVariableCS(cond, mutex, timeout);
	assert(ret || GetLastError() == ERROR_TIMEOUT);
	return !ret;
#endif
}

static inline void
mythread_condtime_set(mythread_condtime *condtime, const mythread_cond *cond,
		uint32_t timeout)
{
	(void)cond;
	condtime->start = GetTickCount();
	condtime->timeout = timeout;
}

#endif

#endif