PrettyPrinter.cpp

// This file is part of the Luau programming language and is licensed under MIT License; see LICENSE.txt for details
#include "Luau/PrettyPrinter.h"

#include "Luau/Parser.h"
#include "Luau/StringUtils.h"
#include "Luau/Common.h"

#include <algorithm>
#include <limits>
#include <math.h>

namespace
{
bool isIdentifierStartChar(char c)
{
    return (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') || (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') || c == '_';
}

bool isDigit(char c)
{
    return c >= '0' && c <= '9';
}

bool isIdentifierChar(char c)
{
    return isIdentifierStartChar(c) || isDigit(c);
}

const std::vector<std::string> keywords = {"and",   "break", "do",  "else", "elseif", "end",    "false", "for",  "function", "if",   "in",
                                           "local", "nil",   "not", "or",   "repeat", "return", "then",  "true", "until",    "while"};

} // namespace

namespace Luau
{

struct Writer
{
    virtual ~Writer() {}

    virtual void advance(const Position&) = 0;
    virtual void newline() = 0;
    virtual void space() = 0;
    virtual void maybeSpace(const Position& newPos, int reserve) = 0;
    virtual void write(std::string_view) = 0;
    virtual void writeMultiline(std::string_view) = 0;
    virtual void identifier(std::string_view name) = 0;
    virtual void keyword(std::string_view) = 0;
    virtual void symbol(std::string_view) = 0;
    virtual void literal(std::string_view) = 0;
    virtual void string(std::string_view) = 0;
    virtual void sourceString(std::string_view, CstExprConstantString::QuoteStyle quoteStyle, unsigned int blockDepth) = 0;
};

struct StringWriter : Writer
{
    std::string ss;
    Position pos{0, 0};
    char lastChar = '\0'; // used to determine whether we need to inject an extra space to preserve grammatical correctness.

    const std::string& str() const
    {
        return ss;
    }

    void advance(const Position& newPos) override
    {
        while (pos.line < newPos.line)
            newline();

        if (pos.column < newPos.column)
            write(std::string(newPos.column - pos.column, ' '));
    }

    void maybeSpace(const Position& newPos, int reserve) override
    {
        if (pos.column + reserve < newPos.column)
            space();
    }

    void newline() override
    {
        ss += '\n';
        pos.column = 0;
        ++pos.line;
        lastChar = '\n';
    }

    void space() override
    {
        ss += ' ';
        ++pos.column;
        lastChar = ' ';
    }

    void writeMultiline(std::string_view s) override
    {
        if (s.empty())
            return;

        ss.append(s.data(), s.size());
        lastChar = s[s.size() - 1];

        size_t index = 0;
        size_t numLines = 0;
        while (true)
        {
            auto newlinePos = s.find('\n', index);
            if (newlinePos == std::string::npos)
                break;
            numLines++;
            index = newlinePos + 1;
        }

        pos.line += unsigned(numLines);
        if (numLines > 0)
            pos.column = unsigned(s.size()) - unsigned(index);
        else
            pos.column += unsigned(s.size());
    }

    void write(std::string_view s) override
    {
        if (s.empty())
            return;

        ss.append(s.data(), s.size());
        pos.column += unsigned(s.size());
        lastChar = s[s.size() - 1];
    }

    void write(char c)
    {
        ss += c;
        pos.column += 1;
        lastChar = c;
    }

    void identifier(std::string_view s) override
    {
        if (s.empty())
            return;

        if (isIdentifierChar(lastChar))
            space();

        write(s);
    }

    void keyword(std::string_view s) override
    {
        if (s.empty())
            return;

        if (isIdentifierChar(lastChar))
            space();

        write(s);
    }

    void symbol(std::string_view s) override
    {
        write(s);
    }

    void literal(std::string_view s) override
    {
        if (s.empty())
            return;

        else if (isIdentifierChar(lastChar) && isDigit(s[0]))
            space();

        write(s);
    }

    void string(std::string_view s) override
    {
        char quote = '\'';
        if (std::string::npos != s.find(quote))
            quote = '\"';

        write(quote);
        write(escape(s));
        write(quote);
    }

    void sourceString(std::string_view s, CstExprConstantString::QuoteStyle quoteStyle, unsigned int blockDepth) override
    {
        if (quoteStyle == CstExprConstantString::QuotedRaw)
        {
            auto blocks = std::string(blockDepth, '=');
            write('[');
            write(blocks);
            write('[');
            writeMultiline(s);
            write(']');
            write(blocks);
            write(']');
        }
        else
        {
            LUAU_ASSERT(blockDepth == 0);

            char quote = '"';
            switch (quoteStyle)
            {
            case CstExprConstantString::QuotedDouble:
                quote = '"';
                break;
            case CstExprConstantString::QuotedSingle:
                quote = '\'';
                break;
            case CstExprConstantString::QuotedInterp:
                quote = '`';
                break;
            default:
                LUAU_ASSERT(!"Unhandled quote type");
            }

            write(quote);
            writeMultiline(s);
            write(quote);
        }
    }
};

class CommaSeparatorInserter
{
public:
    explicit CommaSeparatorInserter(Writer& w, const Position* commaPosition = nullptr)
        : first(true)
        , writer(w)
        , commaPosition(commaPosition)
    {
    }
    void operator()()
    {
        if (first)
            first = !first;
        else
        {
            if (commaPosition)
            {
                writer.advance(*commaPosition);
                commaPosition++;
            }
            writer.symbol(",");
        }
    }

private:
    bool first;
    Writer& writer;
    const Position* commaPosition;
};

class ArgNameInserter
{
public:
    ArgNameInserter(Writer& w, AstArray<std::optional<AstArgumentName>> names, AstArray<std::optional<Position>> colonPositions)
        : writer(w)
        , names(names)
        , colonPositions(colonPositions)
    {
    }

    void operator()()
    {
        if (idx < names.size)
        {
            const auto name = names.data[idx];
            if (name.has_value())
            {
                writer.advance(name->second.begin);
                writer.identifier(name->first.value);
                if (idx < colonPositions.size)
                {
                    LUAU_ASSERT(colonPositions.data[idx].has_value());
                    writer.advance(*colonPositions.data[idx]);
                }
                writer.symbol(":");
            }
        }
        idx++;
    }

private:
    Writer& writer;
    AstArray<std::optional<AstArgumentName>> names;
    AstArray<std::optional<Position>> colonPositions;
    size_t idx = 0;
};

struct Printer
{
    explicit Printer(Writer& writer, CstNodeMap cstNodeMap)
        : writer(writer)
        , cstNodeMap(std::move(cstNodeMap))
    {
    }

    bool writeTypes = false;
    Writer& writer;
    CstNodeMap cstNodeMap;

    template<typename T>
    T* lookupCstNode(AstNode* astNode)
    {
        if (const auto cstNode = cstNodeMap[astNode])
            return cstNode->as<T>();
        return nullptr;
    }

    void visualize(const AstLocal& local, Position colonPosition)
    {
        advance(local.location.begin);

        writer.identifier(local.name.value);
        if (writeTypes && local.annotation)
        {
            advance(colonPosition);
            writer.symbol(":");
            visualizeTypeAnnotation(*local.annotation);
        }
    }

    void visualizeTypePackAnnotation(AstTypePack& annotation, bool forVarArg, bool unconditionallyParenthesize = true)
    {
        advance(annotation.location.begin);
        if (const AstTypePackVariadic* variadicTp = annotation.as<AstTypePackVariadic>())
        {
            if (!forVarArg)
                writer.symbol("...");

            visualizeTypeAnnotation(*variadicTp->variadicType);
        }
        else if (AstTypePackGeneric* genericTp = annotation.as<AstTypePackGeneric>())
        {
            writer.symbol(genericTp->genericName.value);
            if (const auto cstNode = lookupCstNode<CstTypePackGeneric>(genericTp))
                advance(cstNode->ellipsisPosition);
            writer.symbol("...");
        }
        else if (AstTypePackExplicit* explicitTp = annotation.as<AstTypePackExplicit>())
        {
            LUAU_ASSERT(!forVarArg);
            if (const auto cstNode = lookupCstNode<CstTypePackExplicit>(explicitTp))
                visualizeTypeList(
                    explicitTp->typeList,
                    cstNode->hasParentheses,
                    cstNode->openParenthesesPosition,
                    cstNode->closeParenthesesPosition,
                    cstNode->commaPositions
                );
            else
                visualizeTypeList(explicitTp->typeList, unconditionallyParenthesize);
        }
        else
        {
            LUAU_ASSERT(!"Unknown TypePackAnnotation kind");
        }
    }

    void visualizeNamedTypeList(
        const AstTypeList& list,
        bool unconditionallyParenthesize,
        std::optional<Position> openParenthesesPosition,
        std::optional<Position> closeParenthesesPosition,
        AstArray<Position> commaPositions,
        AstArray<std::optional<AstArgumentName>> argNames,
        AstArray<std::optional<Position>> argNamesColonPositions
    )
    {
        size_t typeCount = list.types.size + (list.tailType != nullptr ? 1 : 0);
        if (typeCount == 0)
        {
            if (openParenthesesPosition)
                advance(*openParenthesesPosition);
            writer.symbol("(");
            if (closeParenthesesPosition)
                advance(*closeParenthesesPosition);
            writer.symbol(")");
        }
        else if (typeCount == 1)
        {
            bool shouldParenthesize = unconditionallyParenthesize && (list.types.size == 0 || !list.types.data[0]->is<AstTypeGroup>());
            if (shouldParenthesize)
            {
                if (openParenthesesPosition)
                    advance(*openParenthesesPosition);
                writer.symbol("(");
            }

            ArgNameInserter(writer, argNames, argNamesColonPositions)();

            // Only variadic tail
            if (list.types.size == 0)
            {
                visualizeTypePackAnnotation(*list.tailType, false);
            }
            else
            {
                visualizeTypeAnnotation(*list.types.data[0]);
            }

            if (shouldParenthesize)
            {
                if (closeParenthesesPosition)
                    advance(*closeParenthesesPosition);
                writer.symbol(")");
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if (openParenthesesPosition)
                advance(*openParenthesesPosition);
            writer.symbol("(");

            CommaSeparatorInserter comma(writer, commaPositions.size > 0 ? commaPositions.begin() : nullptr);
            ArgNameInserter argName(writer, argNames, argNamesColonPositions);
            for (const auto& el : list.types)
            {
                comma();
                argName();
                visualizeTypeAnnotation(*el);
            }

            if (list.tailType)
            {
                comma();
                visualizeTypePackAnnotation(*list.tailType, false);
            }

            if (closeParenthesesPosition)
                advance(*closeParenthesesPosition);
            writer.symbol(")");
        }
    }

    void visualizeTypeList(
        const AstTypeList& list,
        bool unconditionallyParenthesize,
        std::optional<Position> openParenthesesPosition = std::nullopt,
        std::optional<Position> closeParenthesesPosition = std::nullopt,
        AstArray<Position> commaPositions = {}
    )
    {
        visualizeNamedTypeList(list, unconditionallyParenthesize, openParenthesesPosition, closeParenthesesPosition, commaPositions, {}, {});
    }

    bool isIntegerish(double d)
    {
        if (d <= std::numeric_limits<int>::max() && d >= std::numeric_limits<int>::min())
            return double(int(d)) == d && !(d == 0.0 && signbit(d));
        else
            return false;
    }

    void visualize(AstExpr& expr)
    {
        advance(expr.location.begin);

        if (const auto& a = expr.as<AstExprGroup>())
        {
            writer.symbol("(");
            visualize(*a->expr);
            advanceBefore(a->location.end, 1);
            writer.symbol(")");
        }
        else if (expr.is<AstExprConstantNil>())
        {
            writer.keyword("nil");
        }
        else if (const auto& a = expr.as<AstExprConstantBool>())
        {
            if (a->value)
                writer.keyword("true");
            else
                writer.keyword("false");
        }
        else if (const auto& a = expr.as<AstExprConstantNumber>())
        {
            if (const auto cstNode = lookupCstNode<CstExprConstantNumber>(a))
            {
                writer.literal(std::string_view(cstNode->value.data, cstNode->value.size));
            }
            else
            {
                if (isinf(a->value))
                {
                    if (a->value > 0)
                        writer.literal("1e500");
                    else
                        writer.literal("-1e500");
                }
                else if (isnan(a->value))
                    writer.literal("0/0");
                else
                {
                    if (isIntegerish(a->value))
                        writer.literal(std::to_string(int(a->value)));
                    else
                    {
                        char buffer[100];
                        size_t len = snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%.17g", a->value);
                        writer.literal(std::string_view{buffer, len});
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        else if (const auto& a = expr.as<AstExprConstantInteger>())
        {
            if (const auto cstNode = lookupCstNode<CstExprConstantInteger>(a))
            {
                writer.literal(std::string_view(cstNode->value.data, cstNode->value.size));
            }
            else
            {
                if (a->value >= 0)
                {
                    char buffer[100];
                    size_t len = snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%lldi", (long long)a->value);
                    writer.literal(std::string_view{buffer, len});
                }
                else
                {
                    char buffer[100];
                    size_t len = snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "0x%llxi", (unsigned long long)a->value);
                    writer.literal(std::string_view{buffer, len});
                }
            }
        }
        else if (const auto& a = expr.as<AstExprConstantString>())
        {
            if (const auto cstNode = lookupCstNode<CstExprConstantString>(a))
            {
                writer.sourceString(
                    std::string_view(cstNode->sourceString.data, cstNode->sourceString.size), cstNode->quoteStyle, cstNode->blockDepth
                );
            }
            else
                writer.string(std::string_view(a->value.data, a->value.size));
        }
        else if (const auto& a = expr.as<AstExprLocal>())
        {
            writer.identifier(a->local->name.value);
        }
        else if (const auto& a = expr.as<AstExprGlobal>())
        {
            writer.identifier(a->name.value);
        }
        else if (expr.is<AstExprVarargs>())
        {
            writer.symbol("...");
        }
        else if (const auto& a = expr.as<AstExprCall>())
        {
            visualize(*a->func);

            const auto cstNode = lookupCstNode<CstExprCall>(a);

            if (writeTypes && (a->typeArguments.size > 0 || (cstNode && cstNode->explicitTypes)))
            {
                visualizeExplicitTypeInstantiation(a->typeArguments, cstNode && cstNode->explicitTypes ? cstNode->explicitTypes : nullptr);
            }

            if (cstNode)
            {
                if (cstNode->openParens)
                {
                    advance(*cstNode->openParens);
                    writer.symbol("(");
                }
            }
            else
            {
                writer.symbol("(");
            }

            CommaSeparatorInserter comma(writer, cstNode ? cstNode->commaPositions.begin() : nullptr);
            for (const auto& arg : a->args)
            {
                comma();
                visualize(*arg);
            }

            if (cstNode)
            {
                if (cstNode->closeParens)
                {
                    advance(*cstNode->closeParens);
                    writer.symbol(")");
                }
            }
            else
            {
                writer.symbol(")");
            }
        }
        else if (const auto& a = expr.as<AstExprIndexName>())
        {
            visualize(*a->expr);
            advance(a->opPosition);
            writer.symbol(std::string(1, a->op));
            advance(a->indexLocation.begin);
            writer.write(a->index.value);
        }
        else if (const auto& a = expr.as<AstExprIndexExpr>())
        {
            const auto cstNode = lookupCstNode<CstExprIndexExpr>(a);
            visualize(*a->expr);
            if (cstNode)
                advance(cstNode->openBracketPosition);
            writer.symbol("[");
            visualize(*a->index);
            if (cstNode)
                advance(cstNode->closeBracketPosition);
            writer.symbol("]");
        }
        else if (const auto& a = expr.as<AstExprFunction>())
        {
            for (const auto& attribute : a->attributes)
                visualizeAttribute(*attribute);
            if (const auto cstNode = lookupCstNode<CstExprFunction>(a))
                advance(cstNode->functionKeywordPosition);
            writer.keyword("function");
            visualizeFunctionBody(*a);
        }
        else if (const auto& a = expr.as<AstExprTable>())
        {
            writer.symbol("{");

            const CstExprTable::Item* cstItem = nullptr;
            if (const auto cstNode = lookupCstNode<CstExprTable>(a))
            {
                LUAU_ASSERT(cstNode->items.size == a->items.size);
                cstItem = cstNode->items.begin();
            }

            bool first = true;

            for (const auto& item : a->items)
            {
                if (!cstItem)
                {
                    if (first)
                        first = false;
                    else
                        writer.symbol(",");
                }

                switch (item.kind)
                {
                case AstExprTable::Item::List:
                    break;

                case AstExprTable::Item::Record:
                {
                    const auto& value = item.key->as<AstExprConstantString>()->value;
                    advance(item.key->location.begin);
                    writer.identifier(std::string_view(value.data, value.size));
                    if (cstItem)
                        advance(*cstItem->equalsPosition);
                    else
                        writer.maybeSpace(item.value->location.begin, 1);
                    writer.symbol("=");
                }
                break;

                case AstExprTable::Item::General:
                {
                    if (cstItem)
                        advance(*cstItem->indexerOpenPosition);
                    writer.symbol("[");
                    visualize(*item.key);
                    if (cstItem)
                        advance(*cstItem->indexerClosePosition);
                    writer.symbol("]");
                    if (cstItem)
                        advance(*cstItem->equalsPosition);
                    else
                        writer.maybeSpace(item.value->location.begin, 1);
                    writer.symbol("=");
                }
                break;

                default:
                    LUAU_ASSERT(!"Unknown table item kind");
                }

                advance(item.value->location.begin);
                visualize(*item.value);

                if (cstItem)
                {
                    if (cstItem->separator)
                    {
                        LUAU_ASSERT(cstItem->separatorPosition);
                        advance(*cstItem->separatorPosition);
                        if (cstItem->separator == CstExprTable::Comma)
                            writer.symbol(",");
                        else if (cstItem->separator == CstExprTable::Semicolon)
                            writer.symbol(";");
                    }
                    cstItem++;
                }
            }

            Position endPos = expr.location.end;
            if (endPos.column > 0)
                --endPos.column;

            advance(endPos);

            writer.symbol("}");
            advance(expr.location.end);
        }
        else if (const auto& a = expr.as<AstExprUnary>())
        {
            if (const auto cstNode = lookupCstNode<CstExprOp>(a))
                advance(cstNode->opPosition);

            switch (a->op)
            {
            case AstExprUnary::Not:
                writer.keyword("not");
                break;
            case AstExprUnary::Minus:
                writer.symbol("-");
                break;
            case AstExprUnary::Len:
                writer.symbol("#");
                break;
            }
            visualize(*a->expr);
        }
        else if (const auto& a = expr.as<AstExprBinary>())
        {
            visualize(*a->left);

            if (const auto cstNode = lookupCstNode<CstExprOp>(a))
                advance(cstNode->opPosition);
            else
            {
                switch (a->op)
                {
                case AstExprBinary::Add:
                case AstExprBinary::Sub:
                case AstExprBinary::Mul:
                case AstExprBinary::Div:
                case AstExprBinary::FloorDiv:
                case AstExprBinary::Mod:
                case AstExprBinary::Pow:
                case AstExprBinary::CompareLt:
                case AstExprBinary::CompareGt:
                    writer.maybeSpace(a->right->location.begin, 2);
                    break;
                case AstExprBinary::Concat:
                case AstExprBinary::CompareNe:
                case AstExprBinary::CompareEq:
                case AstExprBinary::CompareLe:
                case AstExprBinary::CompareGe:
                case AstExprBinary::Or:
                    writer.maybeSpace(a->right->location.begin, 3);
                    break;
                case AstExprBinary::And:
                    writer.maybeSpace(a->right->location.begin, 4);
                    break;
                default:
                    LUAU_ASSERT(!"Unknown Op");
                }
            }

            writer.symbol(toString(a->op));

            visualize(*a->right);
        }
        else if (const auto& a = expr.as<AstExprTypeAssertion>())
        {
            visualize(*a->expr);

            if (writeTypes)
            {
                if (const auto* cstNode = lookupCstNode<CstExprTypeAssertion>(a))
                    advance(cstNode->opPosition);
                else
                    writer.maybeSpace(a->annotation->location.begin, 2);
                writer.symbol("::");
                visualizeTypeAnnotation(*a->annotation);
            }
        }
        else if (const auto& a = expr.as<AstExprIfElse>())
        {
            writer.keyword("if");
            visualizeElseIfExpr(*a);
        }
        else if (const auto& a = expr.as<AstExprInterpString>())
        {
            const auto* cstNode = lookupCstNode<CstExprInterpString>(a);

            writer.symbol("`");

            size_t index = 0;

            for (const auto& string : a->strings)
            {
                if (cstNode)
                {
                    if (index > 0)
                    {
                        advance(cstNode->stringPositions.data[index]);
                        writer.symbol("}");
                    }
                    const AstArray<char> sourceString = cstNode->sourceStrings.data[index];
                    writer.writeMultiline(std::string_view(sourceString.data, sourceString.size));
                }
                else
                {
                    writer.write(escape(std::string_view(string.data, string.size), /* escapeForInterpString = */ true));
                }

                if (index < a->expressions.size)
                {
                    writer.symbol("{");
                    visualize(*a->expressions.data[index]);
                    if (!cstNode)
                        writer.symbol("}");
                }

                index++;
            }

            writer.symbol("`");
        }
        else if (const auto& a = expr.as<AstExprError>())
        {
            writer.symbol("(error-expr");

            for (size_t i = 0; i < a->expressions.size; i++)
            {
                writer.symbol(i == 0 ? ": " : ", ");
                visualize(*a->expressions.data[i]);
            }

            writer.symbol(")");
        }
        else if (const auto& a = expr.as<AstExprInstantiate>())
        {
            visualize(*a->expr);

            if (writeTypes)
            {
                const CstExprExplicitTypeInstantiation* cstExprNode = lookupCstNode<CstExprExplicitTypeInstantiation>(a);

                visualizeExplicitTypeInstantiation(a->typeArguments, cstExprNode ? &cstExprNode->instantiation : nullptr);
            }
        }
        else
        {
            LUAU_ASSERT(!"Unknown AstExpr");
        }
    }

    void writeEnd(const Location& loc)
    {
        Position endPos = loc.end;
        if (endPos.column >= 3)
            endPos.column -= 3;
        advance(endPos);
        writer.keyword("end");
    }

    void advance(const Position& newPos)
    {
        writer.advance(newPos);
    }

    void advanceBefore(const Position& newPos, unsigned int tokenLength)
    {
        if (newPos.column >= tokenLength)
            advance(Position{newPos.line, newPos.column - tokenLength});
        else
            advance(newPos);
    }

    void visualize(AstStat& program)
    {
        advance(program.location.begin);

        if (const auto& block = program.as<AstStatBlock>())
        {
            if (const auto cstNode = lookupCstNode<CstStatDo>(block))
            {
                writer.keyword("do");

                advance(cstNode->statsStartPosition);

                for (const auto& s : block->body)
                    visualize(*s);

                advance(cstNode->endPosition);
                writer.keyword("end");
            }
            else
            {
                for (const auto& s : block->body)
                    visualize(*s);

                writer.advance(block->location.end);
                writeEnd(program.location);
            }
        }
        else if (const auto& a = program.as<AstStatIf>())
        {
            writer.keyword("if");
            visualizeElseIf(*a);
        }
        else if (const auto& a = program.as<AstStatWhile>())
        {
            writer.keyword("while");
            visualize(*a->condition);
            // TODO: what if 'hasDo = false'?
            advance(a->doLocation.begin);
            writer.keyword("do");
            visualizeBlock(*a->body);
            advance(a->body->location.end);
            writer.keyword("end");
        }
        else if (const auto& a = program.as<AstStatRepeat>())
        {
            writer.keyword("repeat");
            visualizeBlock(*a->body);
            if (const auto cstNode = lookupCstNode<CstStatRepeat>(a))
                writer.advance(cstNode->untilPosition);
            else
                advanceBefore(a->condition->location.begin, 6);
            writer.keyword("until");
            visualize(*a->condition);
        }
        else if (program.is<AstStatBreak>())
            writer.keyword("break");
        else if (program.is<AstStatContinue>())
            writer.keyword("continue");
        else if (const auto& a = program.as<AstStatReturn>())
        {
            const auto cstNode = lookupCstNode<CstStatReturn>(a);

            writer.keyword("return");

            CommaSeparatorInserter comma(writer, cstNode ? cstNode->commaPositions.begin() : nullptr);
            for (const auto& expr : a->list)
            {
                comma();
                visualize(*expr);
            }
        }
        else if (const auto& a = program.as<AstStatExpr>())
        {
            visualize(*a->expr);
        }
        else if (const auto& a = program.as<AstStatLocal>())
        {
            const auto cstNode = lookupCstNode<CstStatLocal>(a);

            writer.keyword("local");

            CommaSeparatorInserter varComma(writer, cstNode ? cstNode->varsCommaPositions.begin() : nullptr);
            for (size_t i = 0; i < a->vars.size; i++)
            {
                varComma();
                if (cstNode)
                {
                    LUAU_ASSERT(cstNode->varsAnnotationColonPositions.size > i);
                    visualize(*a->vars.data[i], cstNode->varsAnnotationColonPositions.data[i]);
                }
                else
                    visualize(*a->vars.data[i], Position{0, 0});
            }

            if (a->equalsSignLocation)
            {
                advance(a->equalsSignLocation->begin);
                writer.symbol("=");
            }


            CommaSeparatorInserter valueComma(writer, cstNode ? cstNode->valuesCommaPositions.begin() : nullptr);
            for (const auto& value : a->values)
            {
                valueComma();
                visualize(*value);
            }
        }
        else if (const auto& a = program.as<AstStatFor>())
        {
            const auto cstNode = lookupCstNode<CstStatFor>(a);

            writer.keyword("for");

            visualize(*a->var, cstNode ? cstNode->annotationColonPosition : Position{0, 0});

            if (cstNode)
                advance(cstNode->equalsPosition);
            writer.symbol("=");
            visualize(*a->from);
            if (cstNode)
                advance(cstNode->endCommaPosition);
            writer.symbol(",");
            visualize(*a->to);
            if (a->step)
            {
                if (cstNode && cstNode->stepCommaPosition)
                    advance(*cstNode->stepCommaPosition);
                writer.symbol(",");
                visualize(*a->step);
            }
            advance(a->doLocation.begin);
            writer.keyword("do");
            visualizeBlock(*a->body);

            advance(a->body->location.end);
            writer.keyword("end");
        }
        else if (const auto& a = program.as<AstStatForIn>())
        {
            const auto cstNode = lookupCstNode<CstStatForIn>(a);

            writer.keyword("for");

            CommaSeparatorInserter varComma(writer, cstNode ? cstNode->varsCommaPositions.begin() : nullptr);
            for (size_t i = 0; i < a->vars.size; i++)
            {
                varComma();
                if (cstNode)
                {
                    LUAU_ASSERT(cstNode->varsAnnotationColonPositions.size > i);
                    visualize(*a->vars.data[i], cstNode->varsAnnotationColonPositions.data[i]);
                }
                else
                    visualize(*a->vars.data[i], Position{0, 0});
            }

            advance(a->inLocation.begin);
            writer.keyword("in");

            CommaSeparatorInserter valComma(writer, cstNode ? cstNode->valuesCommaPositions.begin() : nullptr);

            for (const auto& val : a->values)
            {
                valComma();
                visualize(*val);
            }

            advance(a->doLocation.begin);
            writer.keyword("do");

            visualizeBlock(*a->body);

            advance(a->body->location.end);
            writer.keyword("end");
        }
        else if (const auto& a = program.as<AstStatAssign>())
        {
            const auto cstNode = lookupCstNode<CstStatAssign>(a);

            CommaSeparatorInserter varComma(writer, cstNode ? cstNode->varsCommaPositions.begin() : nullptr);
            for (const auto& var : a->vars)
            {
                varComma();
                visualize(*var);
            }

            if (cstNode)
                advance(cstNode->equalsPosition);
            else
                writer.space();
            writer.symbol("=");

            CommaSeparatorInserter valueComma(writer, cstNode ? cstNode->valuesCommaPositions.begin() : nullptr);
            for (const auto& value : a->values)
            {
                valueComma();
                visualize(*value);
            }
        }
        else if (const auto& a = program.as<AstStatCompoundAssign>())
        {
            const auto cstNode = lookupCstNode<CstStatCompoundAssign>(a);

            visualize(*a->var);

            if (cstNode)
                advance(cstNode->opPosition);

            switch (a->op)
            {
            case AstExprBinary::Add:
                if (!cstNode)
                    writer.maybeSpace(a->value->location.begin, 2);
                writer.symbol("+=");
                break;
            case AstExprBinary::Sub:
                if (!cstNode)
                    writer.maybeSpace(a->value->location.begin, 2);
                writer.symbol("-=");
                break;
            case AstExprBinary::Mul:
                if (!cstNode)
                    writer.maybeSpace(a->value->location.begin, 2);
                writer.symbol("*=");
                break;
            case AstExprBinary::Div:
                if (!cstNode)
                    writer.maybeSpace(a->value->location.begin, 2);
                writer.symbol("/=");
                break;
            case AstExprBinary::FloorDiv:
                if (!cstNode)
                    writer.maybeSpace(a->value->location.begin, 3);
                writer.symbol("//=");
                break;
            case AstExprBinary::Mod:
                if (!cstNode)
                    writer.maybeSpace(a->value->location.begin, 2);
                writer.symbol("%=");
                break;
            case AstExprBinary::Pow:
                if (!cstNode)
                    writer.maybeSpace(a->value->location.begin, 2);
                writer.symbol("^=");
                break;
            case AstExprBinary::Concat:
                if (!cstNode)
                    writer.maybeSpace(a->value->location.begin, 3);
                writer.symbol("..=");
                break;
            default:
                LUAU_ASSERT(!"Unexpected compound assignment op");
            }

            visualize(*a->value);
        }
        else if (const auto& a = program.as<AstStatFunction>())
        {
            for (const auto& attribute : a->func->attributes)
                visualizeAttribute(*attribute);
            if (const auto cstNode = lookupCstNode<CstStatFunction>(a))
                advance(cstNode->functionKeywordPosition);
            writer.keyword("function");
            visualize(*a->name);
            visualizeFunctionBody(*a->func);
        }
        else if (const auto& a = program.as<AstStatLocalFunction>())
        {
            for (const auto& attribute : a->func->attributes)
                visualizeAttribute(*attribute);

            const auto cstNode = lookupCstNode<CstStatLocalFunction>(a);

            if (cstNode)
                advance(cstNode->localKeywordPosition);

            writer.keyword("local");

            if (cstNode)
                advance(cstNode->functionKeywordPosition);
            else
                writer.space();

            writer.keyword("function");
            advance(a->name->location.begin);
            writer.identifier(a->name->name.value);
            visualizeFunctionBody(*a->func);
        }
        else if (const auto& a = program.as<AstStatTypeAlias>())
        {
            if (writeTypes)
            {
                const auto* cstNode = lookupCstNode<CstStatTypeAlias>(a);

                if (a->exported)
                    writer.keyword("export");

                if (cstNode)
                    advance(cstNode->typeKeywordPosition);

                writer.keyword("type");
                advance(a->nameLocation.begin);
                writer.identifier(a->name.value);
                if (a->generics.size > 0 || a->genericPacks.size > 0)
                {
                    if (cstNode)
                        advance(cstNode->genericsOpenPosition);
                    writer.symbol("<");
                    CommaSeparatorInserter comma(writer, cstNode ? cstNode->genericsCommaPositions.begin() : nullptr);

                    for (auto o : a->generics)
                    {
                        comma();

                        writer.advance(o->location.begin);
                        writer.identifier(o->name.value);

                        if (o->defaultValue)
                        {
                            const auto* genericTypeCstNode = lookupCstNode<CstGenericType>(o);

                            if (genericTypeCstNode)
                            {
                                LUAU_ASSERT(genericTypeCstNode->defaultEqualsPosition.has_value());
                                advance(*genericTypeCstNode->defaultEqualsPosition);
                            }
                            else
                                writer.maybeSpace(o->defaultValue->location.begin, 2);
                            writer.symbol("=");
                            visualizeTypeAnnotation(*o->defaultValue);
                        }
                    }

                    for (auto o : a->genericPacks)
                    {
                        comma();

                        const auto* genericTypePackCstNode = lookupCstNode<CstGenericTypePack>(o);

                        writer.advance(o->location.begin);
                        writer.identifier(o->name.value);
                        if (genericTypePackCstNode)
                            advance(genericTypePackCstNode->ellipsisPosition);
                        writer.symbol("...");

                        if (o->defaultValue)
                        {
                            if (cstNode)
                            {
                                LUAU_ASSERT(genericTypePackCstNode->defaultEqualsPosition.has_value());
                                advance(*genericTypePackCstNode->defaultEqualsPosition);
                            }
                            else
                                writer.maybeSpace(o->defaultValue->location.begin, 2);
                            writer.symbol("=");
                            visualizeTypePackAnnotation(*o->defaultValue, false);
                        }
                    }

                    if (cstNode)
                        advance(cstNode->genericsClosePosition);
                    writer.symbol(">");
                }
                if (cstNode)
                    advance(cstNode->equalsPosition);
                else
                    writer.maybeSpace(a->type->location.begin, 2);
                writer.symbol("=");
                visualizeTypeAnnotation(*a->type);
            }
        }
        else if (const auto& t = program.as<AstStatTypeFunction>())
        {
            if (writeTypes)
            {
                const auto cstNode = lookupCstNode<CstStatTypeFunction>(t);
                if (t->exported)
                    writer.keyword("export");
                if (cstNode)
                    advance(cstNode->typeKeywordPosition);
                else
                    writer.space();
                writer.keyword("type");
                if (cstNode)
                    advance(cstNode->functionKeywordPosition);
                else
                    writer.space();
                writer.keyword("function");
                advance(t->nameLocation.begin);
                writer.identifier(t->name.value);
                visualizeFunctionBody(*t->body);
            }
        }
        else if (const auto& a = program.as<AstStatError>())
        {
            writer.symbol("(error-stat");

            for (size_t i = 0; i < a->expressions.size; i++)
            {
                writer.symbol(i == 0 ? ": " : ", ");
                visualize(*a->expressions.data[i]);
            }

            for (size_t i = 0; i < a->statements.size; i++)
            {
                writer.symbol(i == 0 && a->expressions.size == 0 ? ": " : ", ");
                visualize(*a->statements.data[i]);
            }

            writer.symbol(")");
        }
        else if (const auto& a = program.as<AstStatDeclareGlobal>())
        {
            writer.keyword("declare");
            writer.advance(a->nameLocation.begin);
            writer.identifier(a->name.value);

            writer.symbol(":");
            visualizeTypeAnnotation(*a->type);
        }
        else
        {
            LUAU_ASSERT(!"Unknown AstStat");
        }

        if (program.hasSemicolon)
        {
            advanceBefore(program.location.end, 1);
            writer.symbol(";");
        }
    }

    void visualizeFunctionBody(AstExprFunction& func)
    {
        const auto cstNode = lookupCstNode<CstExprFunction>(&func);

        if (func.generics.size > 0 || func.genericPacks.size > 0)
        {
            CommaSeparatorInserter comma(writer, cstNode ? cstNode->genericsCommaPositions.begin() : nullptr);
            if (cstNode)
                advance(cstNode->openGenericsPosition);
            writer.symbol("<");
            for (const auto& o : func.generics)
            {
                comma();

                writer.advance(o->location.begin);
                writer.identifier(o->name.value);
            }
            for (const auto& o : func.genericPacks)
            {
                comma();

                writer.advance(o->location.begin);
                writer.identifier(o->name.value);
                if (const auto* genericTypePackCstNode = lookupCstNode<CstGenericTypePack>(o))
                    advance(genericTypePackCstNode->ellipsisPosition);
                writer.symbol("...");
            }
            if (cstNode)
                advance(cstNode->closeGenericsPosition);
            writer.symbol(">");
        }

        if (func.argLocation)
            advance(func.argLocation->begin);
        writer.symbol("(");
        CommaSeparatorInserter comma(writer, cstNode ? cstNode->argsCommaPositions.begin() : nullptr);

        for (size_t i = 0; i < func.args.size; ++i)
        {
            AstLocal* local = func.args.data[i];

            comma();

            advance(local->location.begin);
            writer.identifier(local->name.value);
            if (writeTypes && local->annotation)
            {
                if (cstNode)
                {
                    LUAU_ASSERT(cstNode->argsAnnotationColonPositions.size > i);
                    advance(cstNode->argsAnnotationColonPositions.data[i]);
                }
                writer.symbol(":");
                visualizeTypeAnnotation(*local->annotation);
            }
        }

        if (func.vararg)
        {
            comma();
            advance(func.varargLocation.begin);
            writer.symbol("...");

            if (func.varargAnnotation)
            {
                if (cstNode)
                {
                    LUAU_ASSERT(cstNode->varargAnnotationColonPosition != Position({0, 0}));
                    advance(cstNode->varargAnnotationColonPosition);
                }
                writer.symbol(":");
                visualizeTypePackAnnotation(*func.varargAnnotation, true);
            }
        }

        if (func.argLocation)
            advanceBefore(func.argLocation->end, 1);
        writer.symbol(")");

        if (writeTypes && func.returnAnnotation != nullptr)
        {
            if (cstNode)
                advance(cstNode->returnSpecifierPosition);
            writer.symbol(":");

            if (!cstNode)
                writer.space();
            visualizeTypePackAnnotation(*func.returnAnnotation, false, false);
        }

        visualizeBlock(*func.body);
        advance(func.body->location.end);
        writer.keyword("end");
    }

    void visualizeBlock(AstStatBlock& block)
    {
        for (const auto& s : block.body)
            visualize(*s);
        writer.advance(block.location.end);
    }

    void visualizeBlock(AstStat& stat)
    {
        if (AstStatBlock* block = stat.as<AstStatBlock>())
            visualizeBlock(*block);
        else
            LUAU_ASSERT(!"visualizeBlock was expecting an AstStatBlock");
    }

    void visualizeElseIf(AstStatIf& elseif)
    {
        visualize(*elseif.condition);
        if (elseif.thenLocation)
            advance(elseif.thenLocation->begin);
        writer.keyword("then");
        visualizeBlock(*elseif.thenbody);

        if (elseif.elsebody == nullptr)
        {
            advance(elseif.thenbody->location.end);
            writer.keyword("end");
        }
        else if (auto elseifelseif = elseif.elsebody->as<AstStatIf>())
        {
            if (elseif.elseLocation)
                advance(elseif.elseLocation->begin);
            writer.keyword("elseif");
            visualizeElseIf(*elseifelseif);
        }
        else
        {
            if (elseif.elseLocation)
                advance(elseif.elseLocation->begin);
            writer.keyword("else");

            visualizeBlock(*elseif.elsebody);
            advance(elseif.elsebody->location.end);
            writer.keyword("end");
        }
    }

    void visualizeElseIfExpr(AstExprIfElse& elseif)
    {
        const auto cstNode = lookupCstNode<CstExprIfElse>(&elseif);

        visualize(*elseif.condition);
        if (cstNode)
            advance(cstNode->thenPosition);
        writer.keyword("then");
        visualize(*elseif.trueExpr);

        if (elseif.falseExpr)
        {
            if (cstNode)
                advance(cstNode->elsePosition);
            if (auto elseifelseif = elseif.falseExpr->as<AstExprIfElse>(); elseifelseif && (!cstNode || cstNode->isElseIf))
            {
                writer.keyword("elseif");
                visualizeElseIfExpr(*elseifelseif);
            }
            else
            {
                writer.keyword("else");
                visualize(*elseif.falseExpr);
            }
        }
    }

    void visualizeAttribute(AstAttr& attribute)
    {
        advance(attribute.location.begin);
        writer.symbol("@");
        writer.identifier(attribute.name.value);
    }

    void visualizeTypeAnnotation(AstType& typeAnnotation)
    {
        advance(typeAnnotation.location.begin);
        if (const auto& a = typeAnnotation.as<AstTypeReference>())
        {
            const auto cstNode = lookupCstNode<CstTypeReference>(a);

            if (a->prefix)
            {
                writer.write(a->prefix->value);
                if (cstNode)
                    advance(*cstNode->prefixPointPosition);
                writer.symbol(".");
            }

            advance(a->nameLocation.begin);
            writer.write(a->name.value);
            if (a->parameters.size > 0 || a->hasParameterList)
            {
                CommaSeparatorInserter comma(writer, cstNode ? cstNode->parametersCommaPositions.begin() : nullptr);
                if (cstNode)
                    advance(cstNode->openParametersPosition);
                writer.symbol("<");
                for (auto o : a->parameters)
                {
                    comma();

                    if (o.type)
                        visualizeTypeAnnotation(*o.type);
                    else
                        visualizeTypePackAnnotation(*o.typePack, false);
                }
                if (cstNode)
                    advance(cstNode->closeParametersPosition);
                writer.symbol(">");
            }
        }
        else if (const auto& a = typeAnnotation.as<AstTypeFunction>())
        {
            const auto cstNode = lookupCstNode<CstTypeFunction>(a);

            if (a->generics.size > 0 || a->genericPacks.size > 0)
            {
                CommaSeparatorInserter comma(writer, cstNode ? cstNode->genericsCommaPositions.begin() : nullptr);
                if (cstNode)
                    advance(cstNode->openGenericsPosition);
                writer.symbol("<");
                for (const auto& o : a->generics)
                {
                    comma();

                    writer.advance(o->location.begin);
                    writer.identifier(o->name.value);
                }
                for (const auto& o : a->genericPacks)
                {
                    comma();

                    writer.advance(o->location.begin);
                    writer.identifier(o->name.value);
                    if (const auto* genericTypePackCstNode = lookupCstNode<CstGenericTypePack>(o))
                        advance(genericTypePackCstNode->ellipsisPosition);
                    writer.symbol("...");
                }
                if (cstNode)
                    advance(cstNode->closeGenericsPosition);
                writer.symbol(">");
            }

            {
                visualizeNamedTypeList(
                    a->argTypes,
                    true,
                    cstNode ? std::make_optional(cstNode->openArgsPosition) : std::nullopt,
                    cstNode ? std::make_optional(cstNode->closeArgsPosition) : std::nullopt,
                    cstNode ? cstNode->argumentsCommaPositions : Luau::AstArray<Position>{},
                    a->argNames,
                    cstNode ? cstNode->argumentNameColonPositions : Luau::AstArray<std::optional<Position>>{}
                );
            }

            if (cstNode)
                advance(cstNode->returnArrowPosition);
            writer.symbol("->");
            visualizeTypePackAnnotation(*a->returnTypes, false);
        }
        else if (const auto& a = typeAnnotation.as<AstTypeTable>())
        {
            AstTypeReference* indexType = a->indexer ? a->indexer->indexType->as<AstTypeReference>() : nullptr;

            writer.symbol("{");

            const auto cstNode = lookupCstNode<CstTypeTable>(a);
            if (cstNode)
            {
                if (cstNode->isArray)
                {
                    LUAU_ASSERT(a->props.size == 0 && indexType && indexType->name == "number");
                    if (a->indexer->accessLocation)
                    {
                        LUAU_ASSERT(a->indexer->access != AstTableAccess::ReadWrite);
                        advance(a->indexer->accessLocation->begin);
                        writer.keyword(a->indexer->access == AstTableAccess::Read ? "read" : "write");
                    }
                    visualizeTypeAnnotation(*a->indexer->resultType);
                }
                else
                {
                    const AstTableProp* prop = a->props.begin();

                    for (size_t i = 0; i < cstNode->items.size; ++i)
                    {
                        CstTypeTable::Item item = cstNode->items.data[i];
                        // we store indexer as part of items to preserve property ordering
                        if (item.kind == CstTypeTable::Item::Kind::Indexer)
                        {
                            LUAU_ASSERT(a->indexer);

                            if (a->indexer->accessLocation)
                            {
                                LUAU_ASSERT(a->indexer->access != AstTableAccess::ReadWrite);
                                advance(a->indexer->accessLocation->begin);
                                writer.keyword(a->indexer->access == AstTableAccess::Read ? "read" : "write");
                            }

                            advance(item.indexerOpenPosition);
                            writer.symbol("[");
                            visualizeTypeAnnotation(*a->indexer->indexType);
                            advance(item.indexerClosePosition);
                            writer.symbol("]");
                            advance(item.colonPosition);
                            writer.symbol(":");
                            visualizeTypeAnnotation(*a->indexer->resultType);

                            if (item.separator)
                            {
                                LUAU_ASSERT(item.separatorPosition);
                                advance(*item.separatorPosition);
                                if (item.separator == CstExprTable::Comma)
                                    writer.symbol(",");
                                else if (item.separator == CstExprTable::Semicolon)
                                    writer.symbol(";");
                            }
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            if (prop->accessLocation)
                            {
                                LUAU_ASSERT(prop->access != AstTableAccess::ReadWrite);
                                advance(prop->accessLocation->begin);
                                writer.keyword(prop->access == AstTableAccess::Read ? "read" : "write");
                            }

                            if (item.kind == CstTypeTable::Item::Kind::StringProperty)
                            {
                                advance(item.indexerOpenPosition);
                                writer.symbol("[");
                                advance(item.stringPosition);
                                writer.sourceString(
                                    std::string_view(item.stringInfo->sourceString.data, item.stringInfo->sourceString.size),
                                    item.stringInfo->quoteStyle,
                                    item.stringInfo->blockDepth
                                );
                                advance(item.indexerClosePosition);
                                writer.symbol("]");
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                advance(prop->location.begin);
                                writer.identifier(prop->name.value);
                            }

                            advance(item.colonPosition);
                            writer.symbol(":");
                            visualizeTypeAnnotation(*prop->type);

                            if (item.separator)
                            {
                                LUAU_ASSERT(item.separatorPosition);
                                advance(*item.separatorPosition);
                                if (item.separator == CstExprTable::Comma)
                                    writer.symbol(",");
                                else if (item.separator == CstExprTable::Semicolon)
                                    writer.symbol(";");
                            }

                            ++prop;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            else
            {
                if (a->props.size == 0 && indexType && indexType->name == "number")
                {
                    visualizeTypeAnnotation(*a->indexer->resultType);
                }
                else
                {
                    CommaSeparatorInserter comma(writer);

                    for (size_t i = 0; i < a->props.size; ++i)
                    {
                        comma();
                        advance(a->props.data[i].location.begin);
                        writer.identifier(a->props.data[i].name.value);
                        if (a->props.data[i].type)
                        {
                            writer.symbol(":");
                            visualizeTypeAnnotation(*a->props.data[i].type);
                        }
                    }
                    if (a->indexer)
                    {
                        comma();
                        writer.symbol("[");
                        visualizeTypeAnnotation(*a->indexer->indexType);
                        writer.symbol("]");
                        writer.symbol(":");
                        visualizeTypeAnnotation(*a->indexer->resultType);
                    }
                }
            }

            Position endPos = a->location.end;
            if (endPos.column > 0)
                --endPos.column;
            advance(endPos);

            writer.symbol("}");
        }
        else if (auto a = typeAnnotation.as<AstTypeTypeof>())
        {
            const auto cstNode = lookupCstNode<CstTypeTypeof>(a);
            writer.keyword("typeof");
            if (cstNode)
                advance(cstNode->openPosition);
            writer.symbol("(");
            visualize(*a->expr);
            if (cstNode)
                advance(cstNode->closePosition);
            writer.symbol(")");
        }
        else if (const auto& a = typeAnnotation.as<AstTypeUnion>())
        {
            const auto cstNode = lookupCstNode<CstTypeUnion>(a);

            if (!cstNode && a->types.size == 2)
            {
                AstType* l = a->types.data[0];
                AstType* r = a->types.data[1];

                auto lta = l->as<AstTypeReference>();
                if (lta && lta->name == "nil" && !r->is<AstTypeOptional>())
                    std::swap(l, r);

                // it's still possible that we had a (T | U) or (T | nil) and not (nil | T)
                auto rta = r->as<AstTypeReference>();
                if (rta && rta->name == "nil")
                {
                    bool wrap = l->as<AstTypeIntersection>() || l->as<AstTypeFunction>();

                    if (wrap)
                        writer.symbol("(");

                    visualizeTypeAnnotation(*l);

                    if (wrap)
                        writer.symbol(")");

                    writer.symbol("?");
                    return;
                }
            }

            if (cstNode && cstNode->leadingPosition)
            {
                advance(*cstNode->leadingPosition);
                writer.symbol("|");
            }

            size_t separatorIndex = 0;
            for (size_t i = 0; i < a->types.size; ++i)
            {
                if (const auto optional = a->types.data[i]->as<AstTypeOptional>())
                {
                    advance(optional->location.begin);
                    writer.symbol("?");
                    continue;
                }

                if (i > 0)
                {
                    if (cstNode)
                    {
                        advance(cstNode->separatorPositions.data[separatorIndex]);
                        separatorIndex++;
                    }
                    else
                        writer.maybeSpace(a->types.data[i]->location.begin, 2);
                    writer.symbol("|");
                }

                bool wrap = !cstNode && (a->types.data[i]->as<AstTypeIntersection>() || a->types.data[i]->as<AstTypeFunction>());

                if (wrap)
                    writer.symbol("(");

                visualizeTypeAnnotation(*a->types.data[i]);

                if (wrap)
                    writer.symbol(")");
            }
        }
        else if (const auto& a = typeAnnotation.as<AstTypeIntersection>())
        {
            const auto cstNode = lookupCstNode<CstTypeIntersection>(a);

            // If the sizes are equal, we know there is a leading & token
            if (cstNode && cstNode->leadingPosition)
            {
                advance(*cstNode->leadingPosition);
                writer.symbol("&");
            }

            for (size_t i = 0; i < a->types.size; ++i)
            {
                if (i > 0)
                {
                    if (cstNode)
                        advance(cstNode->separatorPositions.data[i - 1]);
                    else
                        writer.maybeSpace(a->types.data[i]->location.begin, 2);
                    writer.symbol("&");
                }

                bool wrap = !cstNode && (a->types.data[i]->as<AstTypeUnion>() || a->types.data[i]->as<AstTypeFunction>());

                if (wrap)
                    writer.symbol("(");

                visualizeTypeAnnotation(*a->types.data[i]);

                if (wrap)
                    writer.symbol(")");
            }
        }
        else if (const auto& a = typeAnnotation.as<AstTypeGroup>())
        {
            writer.symbol("(");
            visualizeTypeAnnotation(*a->type);
            advanceBefore(a->location.end, 1);
            writer.symbol(")");
        }
        else if (const auto& a = typeAnnotation.as<AstTypeSingletonBool>())
        {
            writer.keyword(a->value ? "true" : "false");
        }
        else if (const auto& a = typeAnnotation.as<AstTypeSingletonString>())
        {
            if (const auto cstNode = lookupCstNode<CstTypeSingletonString>(a))
            {
                writer.sourceString(
                    std::string_view(cstNode->sourceString.data, cstNode->sourceString.size), cstNode->quoteStyle, cstNode->blockDepth
                );
            }
            else
                writer.string(std::string_view(a->value.data, a->value.size));
        }
        else if (typeAnnotation.is<AstTypeError>())
        {
            writer.symbol("%error-type%");
        }
        else
        {
            LUAU_ASSERT(!"Unknown AstType");
        }
    }

    void visualizeExplicitTypeInstantiation(const AstArray<AstTypeOrPack>& typeArguments, const CstTypeInstantiation* cstNode)
    {
        if (cstNode)
        {
            advance(cstNode->leftArrow1Position);
        }
        writer.symbol("<");

        if (cstNode)
        {
            advance(cstNode->leftArrow2Position);
        }
        writer.symbol("<");

        CommaSeparatorInserter comma(writer, cstNode ? cstNode->commaPositions.begin() : nullptr);
        for (const auto& typeOrPack : typeArguments)
        {
            if (typeOrPack.type)
            {
                comma();
                visualizeTypeAnnotation(*typeOrPack.type);
            }
            else
            {
                LUAU_ASSERT(typeOrPack.typePack);
                comma();
                visualizeTypePackAnnotation(*typeOrPack.typePack, /* forVarArg = */ false);
            }
        }

        if (cstNode)
        {
            advance(cstNode->rightArrow1Position);
        }
        writer.symbol(">");

        if (cstNode)
        {
            advance(cstNode->rightArrow2Position);
        }
        writer.symbol(">");
    }
};

std::string toString(AstNode* node)
{
    StringWriter writer;
    writer.pos = node->location.begin;

    Printer printer(writer, CstNodeMap{nullptr});
    printer.writeTypes = true;

    if (auto statNode = node->asStat())
        printer.visualize(*statNode);
    else if (auto exprNode = node->asExpr())
        printer.visualize(*exprNode);
    else if (auto typeNode = node->asType())
        printer.visualizeTypeAnnotation(*typeNode);

    return writer.str();
}

void dump(AstNode* node)
{
    printf("%s\n", toString(node).c_str());
}

std::string prettyPrint(AstStatBlock& block, const CstNodeMap& cstNodeMap)
{
    StringWriter writer;
    Printer(writer, cstNodeMap).visualizeBlock(block);
    return writer.str();
}

std::string prettyPrintWithTypes(AstStatBlock& block, const CstNodeMap& cstNodeMap)
{
    StringWriter writer;
    Printer printer(writer, cstNodeMap);
    printer.writeTypes = true;
    printer.visualizeBlock(block);
    return writer.str();
}

std::string prettyPrintWithTypes(AstStatBlock& block)
{
    return prettyPrintWithTypes(block, CstNodeMap{nullptr});
}

PrettyPrintResult prettyPrint(std::string_view source, ParseOptions options, bool withTypes)
{
    options.storeCstData = true;

    auto allocator = Allocator{};
    auto names = AstNameTable{allocator};
    ParseResult parseResult = Parser::parse(source.data(), source.size(), names, allocator, std::move(options));

    if (!parseResult.errors.empty())
    {
        // PrettyPrintResult keeps track of only a single error
        const ParseError& error = parseResult.errors.front();

        return PrettyPrintResult{"", error.getLocation(), error.what()};
    }

    LUAU_ASSERT(parseResult.root);
    if (!parseResult.root)
        return PrettyPrintResult{"", {}, "Internal error: Parser yielded empty parse tree"};

    if (withTypes)
        return PrettyPrintResult{prettyPrintWithTypes(*parseResult.root, parseResult.cstNodeMap)};

    return PrettyPrintResult{prettyPrint(*parseResult.root, parseResult.cstNodeMap)};
}

} // namespace Luau