fog.rs

//! Distance-based fog visual effects are used in many games to give a soft falloff of visibility to the player for performance and/or visual design reasons. The further away something in a 3D world is from the camera, the more it's mixed or completely overwritten by a given color.
//!
//! In Bevy we can add the [`DistanceFog`] component to the same entity as our [`Camera3d`] to apply a distance fog effect. It has fields for color, directional light parameters, and how the fog falls off over distance. And that's it! The distance fog is now applied to the camera.
//!
//! The [`FogFalloff`] field controls most of the behavior of the fog through different descriptions of fog "curves". I.e. [`FogFalloff::Linear`] lets us define a start and end distance where up until the start distance none of the fog color is mixed in and by the end distance the fog color is as mixed in as it can be. [`FogFalloff::Exponential`] on the other hand uses an exponential curve to drive how "visible" things are with a density value.
//!
//! [Atmospheric fog](https://bevy.org/examples/3d-rendering/atmospheric-fog/) is another fog type that uses this same method of setup, but isn't covered here as it is a kind of fog that is most often used to imply distance and size in clear weather, while the ones shown off here are much more "dense".
//!
//! The bulk of this example is spent building a scene that suites showing off that the fog is working as intended by creating a pyramid (a 3D structure with clear delineations), a light source, input handling to modify fog settings, and UI to show what the current fog settings are.
//!
//! ## Controls
//!
//! | Key Binding        | Action                              |
//! |:-------------------|:------------------------------------|
//! | `1` / `2` / `3`    | Fog Falloff Mode                    |
//! | `A` / `S`          | Move Start Distance (Linear Fog)    |
//! |                    | Change Density (Exponential Fogs)   |
//! | `Z` / `X`          | Move End Distance (Linear Fog)      |
//! | `-` / `=`          | Adjust Fog Red Channel              |
//! | `[` / `]`          | Adjust Fog Green Channel            |
//! | `;` / `'`          | Adjust Fog Blue Channel             |
//! | `.` / `?`          | Adjust Fog Alpha Channel            |

use bevy::{
    light::{NotShadowCaster, NotShadowReceiver},
    math::ops,
    prelude::*,
};

fn main() {
    App::new()
        .insert_resource(AmbientLight::NONE)
        .add_plugins(DefaultPlugins)
        .add_systems(
            Startup,
            (setup_camera_fog, setup_pyramid_scene, setup_instructions),
        )
        .add_systems(Update, update_system)
        .run();
}

fn setup_camera_fog(mut commands: Commands) {
    commands.spawn((
        Camera3d::default(),
        DistanceFog {
            color: Color::srgb(0.25, 0.25, 0.25),
            falloff: FogFalloff::Linear {
                start: 5.0,
                end: 20.0,
            },
            ..default()
        },
    ));
}

fn setup_pyramid_scene(
    mut commands: Commands,
    mut meshes: ResMut<Assets<Mesh>>,
    mut materials: ResMut<Assets<StandardMaterial>>,
) {
    let stone = materials.add(StandardMaterial {
        base_color: Srgba::hex("28221B").unwrap().into(),
        perceptual_roughness: 1.0,
        ..default()
    });

    // pillars
    for (x, z) in &[(-1.5, -1.5), (1.5, -1.5), (1.5, 1.5), (-1.5, 1.5)] {
        commands.spawn((
            Mesh3d(meshes.add(Cuboid::new(1.0, 3.0, 1.0))),
            MeshMaterial3d(stone.clone()),
            Transform::from_xyz(*x, 1.5, *z),
        ));
    }

    // orb
    commands.spawn((
        Mesh3d(meshes.add(Sphere::default())),
        MeshMaterial3d(materials.add(StandardMaterial {
            base_color: Srgba::hex("126212CC").unwrap().into(),
            reflectance: 1.0,
            perceptual_roughness: 0.0,
            metallic: 0.5,
            alpha_mode: AlphaMode::Blend,
            ..default()
        })),
        Transform::from_scale(Vec3::splat(1.75)).with_translation(Vec3::new(0.0, 4.0, 0.0)),
        NotShadowCaster,
        NotShadowReceiver,
    ));

    // steps
    for i in 0..50 {
        let half_size = i as f32 / 2.0 + 3.0;
        let y = -i as f32 / 2.0;
        commands.spawn((
            Mesh3d(meshes.add(Cuboid::new(2.0 * half_size, 0.5, 2.0 * half_size))),
            MeshMaterial3d(stone.clone()),
            Transform::from_xyz(0.0, y + 0.25, 0.0),
        ));
    }

    // sky
    commands.spawn((
        Mesh3d(meshes.add(Cuboid::new(2.0, 1.0, 1.0))),
        MeshMaterial3d(materials.add(StandardMaterial {
            base_color: Srgba::hex("888888").unwrap().into(),
            unlit: true,
            cull_mode: None,
            ..default()
        })),
        Transform::from_scale(Vec3::splat(1_000_000.0)),
    ));

    // light
    commands.spawn((
        PointLight {
            shadows_enabled: true,
            ..default()
        },
        Transform::from_xyz(0.0, 1.0, 0.0),
    ));
}

fn setup_instructions(mut commands: Commands) {
    commands.spawn((
        Text::default(),
        Node {
            position_type: PositionType::Absolute,
            top: px(12),
            left: px(12),
            ..default()
        },
    ));
}

fn update_system(
    camera: Single<(&mut DistanceFog, &mut Transform)>,
    mut text: Single<&mut Text>,
    time: Res<Time>,
    keycode: Res<ButtonInput<KeyCode>>,
) {
    let now = time.elapsed_secs();
    let delta = time.delta_secs();

    let (mut fog, mut transform) = camera.into_inner();

    // Orbit camera around pyramid
    let orbit_scale = 8.0 + ops::sin(now / 10.0) * 7.0;
    *transform = Transform::from_xyz(
        ops::cos(now / 5.0) * orbit_scale,
        12.0 - orbit_scale / 2.0,
        ops::sin(now / 5.0) * orbit_scale,
    )
    .looking_at(Vec3::ZERO, Vec3::Y);

    // Fog Information
    text.0 = format!("Fog Falloff: {:?}\nFog Color: {:?}", fog.falloff, fog.color);

    // Fog Falloff Mode Switching
    text.push_str("\n\n1 / 2 / 3 - Fog Falloff Mode");

    if keycode.pressed(KeyCode::Digit1) {
        if let FogFalloff::Linear { .. } = fog.falloff {
            // No change
        } else {
            fog.falloff = FogFalloff::Linear {
                start: 5.0,
                end: 20.0,
            };
        };
    }

    if keycode.pressed(KeyCode::Digit2) {
        if let FogFalloff::Exponential { .. } = fog.falloff {
            // No change
        } else if let FogFalloff::ExponentialSquared { density } = fog.falloff {
            fog.falloff = FogFalloff::Exponential { density };
        } else {
            fog.falloff = FogFalloff::Exponential { density: 0.07 };
        };
    }

    if keycode.pressed(KeyCode::Digit3) {
        if let FogFalloff::Exponential { density } = fog.falloff {
            fog.falloff = FogFalloff::ExponentialSquared { density };
        } else if let FogFalloff::ExponentialSquared { .. } = fog.falloff {
            // No change
        } else {
            fog.falloff = FogFalloff::ExponentialSquared { density: 0.07 };
        };
    }

    // Linear Fog Controls
    if let FogFalloff::Linear { start, end } = &mut fog.falloff {
        text.push_str("\nA / S - Move Start Distance\nZ / X - Move End Distance");

        if keycode.pressed(KeyCode::KeyA) {
            *start -= delta * 3.0;
        }
        if keycode.pressed(KeyCode::KeyS) {
            *start += delta * 3.0;
        }
        if keycode.pressed(KeyCode::KeyZ) {
            *end -= delta * 3.0;
        }
        if keycode.pressed(KeyCode::KeyX) {
            *end += delta * 3.0;
        }
    }

    // Exponential Fog Controls
    if let FogFalloff::Exponential { density } = &mut fog.falloff {
        text.push_str("\nA / S - Change Density");

        if keycode.pressed(KeyCode::KeyA) {
            *density -= delta * 0.5 * *density;
            if *density < 0.0 {
                *density = 0.0;
            }
        }
        if keycode.pressed(KeyCode::KeyS) {
            *density += delta * 0.5 * *density;
        }
    }

    // ExponentialSquared Fog Controls
    if let FogFalloff::ExponentialSquared { density } = &mut fog.falloff {
        text.push_str("\nA / S - Change Density");

        if keycode.pressed(KeyCode::KeyA) {
            *density -= delta * 0.5 * *density;
            if *density < 0.0 {
                *density = 0.0;
            }
        }
        if keycode.pressed(KeyCode::KeyS) {
            *density += delta * 0.5 * *density;
        }
    }

    // RGBA Controls
    text.push_str("\n\n- / = - Red\n[ / ] - Green\n; / ' - Blue\n. / ? - Alpha");

    // We're performing various operations in the sRGB color space,
    // so we convert the fog color to sRGB here, then modify it,
    // and finally when we're done we can convert it back and set it.
    let mut fog_color = Srgba::from(fog.color);
    if keycode.pressed(KeyCode::Minus) {
        fog_color.red = (fog_color.red - 0.1 * delta).max(0.0);
    }

    if keycode.any_pressed([KeyCode::Equal, KeyCode::NumpadEqual]) {
        fog_color.red = (fog_color.red + 0.1 * delta).min(1.0);
    }

    if keycode.pressed(KeyCode::BracketLeft) {
        fog_color.green = (fog_color.green - 0.1 * delta).max(0.0);
    }

    if keycode.pressed(KeyCode::BracketRight) {
        fog_color.green = (fog_color.green + 0.1 * delta).min(1.0);
    }

    if keycode.pressed(KeyCode::Semicolon) {
        fog_color.blue = (fog_color.blue - 0.1 * delta).max(0.0);
    }

    if keycode.pressed(KeyCode::Quote) {
        fog_color.blue = (fog_color.blue + 0.1 * delta).min(1.0);
    }

    if keycode.pressed(KeyCode::Period) {
        fog_color.alpha = (fog_color.alpha - 0.1 * delta).max(0.0);
    }

    if keycode.pressed(KeyCode::Slash) {
        fog_color.alpha = (fog_color.alpha + 0.1 * delta).min(1.0);
    }

    fog.color = Color::from(fog_color);
}