Program.h

//===--- Program.h - Bytecode for the constexpr VM --------------*- C++ -*-===//
//
// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
// Defines a program which organises and links multiple bytecode functions.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

#ifndef LLVM_CLANG_AST_INTERP_PROGRAM_H
#define LLVM_CLANG_AST_INTERP_PROGRAM_H

#include <map>
#include <vector>
#include "Function.h"
#include "Pointer.h"
#include "PrimType.h"
#include "Record.h"
#include "Source.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/DenseMap.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/PointerUnion.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/StringRef.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Allocator.h"

namespace clang {
class RecordDecl;
class Expr;
class FunctionDecl;
class StringLiteral;
class VarDecl;

namespace interp {
class Context;

/// The program contains and links the bytecode for all functions.
class Program final {
public:
  Program(Context &Ctx) : Ctx(Ctx) {}

  ~Program() {
    // Manually destroy all the blocks. They are almost all harmless,
    // but primitive arrays might have an InitMap* heap allocated and
    // that needs to be freed.
    for (Global *G : Globals)
      if (Block *B = G->block(); B->isInitialized())
        B->invokeDtor();

    // Records might actually allocate memory themselves, but they
    // are allocated using a BumpPtrAllocator. Call their desctructors
    // here manually so they are properly freeing their resources.
    for (auto RecordPair : Records) {
      if (Record *R = RecordPair.second)
        R->~Record();
    }
  }

  /// Marshals a native pointer to an ID for embedding in bytecode.
  unsigned getOrCreateNativePointer(const void *Ptr);

  /// Returns the value of a marshalled native pointer.
  const void *getNativePointer(unsigned Idx);

  /// Emits a string literal among global data.
  unsigned createGlobalString(const StringLiteral *S);

  /// Returns a pointer to a global.
  Pointer getPtrGlobal(unsigned Idx) const;

  /// Returns the value of a global.
  Block *getGlobal(unsigned Idx) {
    assert(Idx < Globals.size());
    return Globals[Idx]->block();
  }

  /// Finds a global's index.
  std::optional<unsigned> getGlobal(const ValueDecl *VD);
  std::optional<unsigned> getGlobal(const Expr *E);

  /// Returns or creates a global an creates an index to it.
  std::optional<unsigned> getOrCreateGlobal(const ValueDecl *VD,
                                            const Expr *Init = nullptr);

  /// Returns or creates a dummy value for unknown declarations.
  std::optional<unsigned> getOrCreateDummy(const ValueDecl *VD);

  /// Creates a global and returns its index.
  std::optional<unsigned> createGlobal(const ValueDecl *VD, const Expr *Init);

  /// Creates a global from a lifetime-extended temporary.
  std::optional<unsigned> createGlobal(const Expr *E);

  /// Creates a new function from a code range.
  template <typename... Ts>
  Function *createFunction(const FunctionDecl *Def, Ts &&... Args) {
    Def = Def->getCanonicalDecl();
    auto *Func = new Function(*this, Def, std::forward<Ts>(Args)...);
    Funcs.insert({Def, std::unique_ptr<Function>(Func)});
    return Func;
  }
  /// Creates an anonymous function.
  template <typename... Ts>
  Function *createFunction(Ts &&... Args) {
    auto *Func = new Function(*this, std::forward<Ts>(Args)...);
    AnonFuncs.emplace_back(Func);
    return Func;
  }

  /// Returns a function.
  Function *getFunction(const FunctionDecl *F);

  /// Returns a record or creates one if it does not exist.
  Record *getOrCreateRecord(const RecordDecl *RD);

  /// Creates a descriptor for a primitive type.
  Descriptor *createDescriptor(const DeclTy &D, PrimType Type,
                               Descriptor::MetadataSize MDSize = std::nullopt,
                               bool IsConst = false, bool IsTemporary = false,
                               bool IsMutable = false) {
    return allocateDescriptor(D, Type, MDSize, IsConst, IsTemporary, IsMutable);
  }

  /// Creates a descriptor for a composite type.
  Descriptor *createDescriptor(const DeclTy &D, const Type *Ty,
                               Descriptor::MetadataSize MDSize = std::nullopt,
                               bool IsConst = false, bool IsTemporary = false,
                               bool IsMutable = false,
                               const Expr *Init = nullptr);

  /// Context to manage declaration lifetimes.
  class DeclScope {
  public:
    DeclScope(Program &P, const ValueDecl *VD) : P(P) {
      P.startDeclaration(VD);
    }
    ~DeclScope() { P.endDeclaration(); }

  private:
    Program &P;
  };

  /// Returns the current declaration ID.
  std::optional<unsigned> getCurrentDecl() const {
    if (CurrentDeclaration == NoDeclaration)
      return std::optional<unsigned>{};
    return LastDeclaration;
  }

private:
  friend class DeclScope;

  std::optional<unsigned> createGlobal(const DeclTy &D, QualType Ty,
                                       bool IsStatic, bool IsExtern,
                                       const Expr *Init = nullptr);

  /// Reference to the VM context.
  Context &Ctx;
  /// Mapping from decls to cached bytecode functions.
  llvm::DenseMap<const FunctionDecl *, std::unique_ptr<Function>> Funcs;
  /// List of anonymous functions.
  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Function>> AnonFuncs;

  /// Function relocation locations.
  llvm::DenseMap<const FunctionDecl *, std::vector<unsigned>> Relocs;

  /// Native pointers referenced by bytecode.
  std::vector<const void *> NativePointers;
  /// Cached native pointer indices.
  llvm::DenseMap<const void *, unsigned> NativePointerIndices;

  /// Custom allocator for global storage.
  using PoolAllocTy = llvm::BumpPtrAllocatorImpl<llvm::MallocAllocator>;

  /// Descriptor + storage for a global object.
  ///
  /// Global objects never go out of scope, thus they do not track pointers.
  class Global {
  public:
    /// Create a global descriptor for string literals.
    template <typename... Tys>
    Global(Tys... Args) : B(std::forward<Tys>(Args)...) {}

    /// Allocates the global in the pool, reserving storate for data.
    void *operator new(size_t Meta, PoolAllocTy &Alloc, size_t Data) {
      return Alloc.Allocate(Meta + Data, alignof(void *));
    }

    /// Return a pointer to the data.
    std::byte *data() { return B.data(); }
    /// Return a pointer to the block.
    Block *block() { return &B; }
    const Block *block() const { return &B; }

  private:
    /// Required metadata - does not actually track pointers.
    Block B;
  };

  /// Allocator for globals.
  PoolAllocTy Allocator;

  /// Global objects.
  std::vector<Global *> Globals;
  /// Cached global indices.
  llvm::DenseMap<const void *, unsigned> GlobalIndices;

  /// Mapping from decls to record metadata.
  llvm::DenseMap<const RecordDecl *, Record *> Records;

  /// Dummy parameter to generate pointers from.
  llvm::DenseMap<const ValueDecl *, unsigned> DummyVariables;

  /// Creates a new descriptor.
  template <typename... Ts>
  Descriptor *allocateDescriptor(Ts &&... Args) {
    return new (Allocator) Descriptor(std::forward<Ts>(Args)...);
  }

  /// No declaration ID.
  static constexpr unsigned NoDeclaration = (unsigned)-1;
  /// Last declaration ID.
  unsigned LastDeclaration = 0;
  /// Current declaration ID.
  unsigned CurrentDeclaration = NoDeclaration;

  /// Starts evaluating a declaration.
  void startDeclaration(const ValueDecl *Decl) {
    LastDeclaration += 1;
    CurrentDeclaration = LastDeclaration;
  }

  /// Ends a global declaration.
  void endDeclaration() {
    CurrentDeclaration = NoDeclaration;
  }

public:
  /// Dumps the disassembled bytecode to \c llvm::errs().
  void dump() const;
  void dump(llvm::raw_ostream &OS) const;
};

} // namespace interp
} // namespace clang

#endif