Jupyter notebooks
Jupyter notebooks are text files that can contain both code and markdown.
They are made of cells of two kinds code and text.
Jupyter notebooks support a lot of languages like python, R, julia etc
You can easily create/edit a jupyter notebook with a vscode extension : https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/datascience/jupyter-notebooks
Those jupyter notebooks are quite common in the data-science field and for notetaking in class.
Here's a good example of the power of a jupyter notebook :
San Francisco's Drug Geography, a GIS analysis of public crime data in SF, by Lance Martin.