SDL_hidapijoystick.c

/*
  Simple DirectMedia Layer
  Copyright (C) 1997-2025 Sam Lantinga <[email protected]>

  This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied
  warranty.  In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages
  arising from the use of this software.

  Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose,
  including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it
  freely, subject to the following restrictions:

  1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not
     claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this software
     in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be
     appreciated but is not required.
  2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be
     misrepresented as being the original software.
  3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.
*/
#include "SDL_internal.h"

#ifdef SDL_JOYSTICK_HIDAPI

#include "../SDL_sysjoystick.h"
#include "SDL_hidapijoystick_c.h"
#include "SDL_hidapi_rumble.h"
#include "../../SDL_hints_c.h"

#if defined(SDL_PLATFORM_WIN32) || defined(SDL_PLATFORM_WINGDK)
#include "../windows/SDL_rawinputjoystick_c.h"
#endif


struct joystick_hwdata
{
    SDL_HIDAPI_Device *device;
};

static SDL_HIDAPI_DeviceDriver *SDL_HIDAPI_drivers[] = {
#ifdef SDL_JOYSTICK_HIDAPI_GAMECUBE
    &SDL_HIDAPI_DriverGameCube,
#endif
#ifdef SDL_JOYSTICK_HIDAPI_LUNA
    &SDL_HIDAPI_DriverLuna,
#endif
#ifdef SDL_JOYSTICK_HIDAPI_SHIELD
    &SDL_HIDAPI_DriverShield,
#endif
#ifdef SDL_JOYSTICK_HIDAPI_PS3
    &SDL_HIDAPI_DriverPS3,
    &SDL_HIDAPI_DriverPS3ThirdParty,
    &SDL_HIDAPI_DriverPS3SonySixaxis,
#endif
#ifdef SDL_JOYSTICK_HIDAPI_PS4
    &SDL_HIDAPI_DriverPS4,
#endif
#ifdef SDL_JOYSTICK_HIDAPI_PS5
    &SDL_HIDAPI_DriverPS5,
#endif
#ifdef SDL_JOYSTICK_HIDAPI_STADIA
    &SDL_HIDAPI_DriverStadia,
#endif
#ifdef SDL_JOYSTICK_HIDAPI_STEAM
    &SDL_HIDAPI_DriverSteam,
#endif
#ifdef SDL_JOYSTICK_HIDAPI_STEAM_HORI
    &SDL_HIDAPI_DriverSteamHori,
#endif
#ifdef SDL_JOYSTICK_HIDAPI_STEAMDECK
    &SDL_HIDAPI_DriverSteamDeck,
#endif
#ifdef SDL_JOYSTICK_HIDAPI_SWITCH
    &SDL_HIDAPI_DriverNintendoClassic,
    &SDL_HIDAPI_DriverJoyCons,
    &SDL_HIDAPI_DriverSwitch,
#endif
#ifdef SDL_JOYSTICK_HIDAPI_WII
    &SDL_HIDAPI_DriverWii,
#endif
#ifdef SDL_JOYSTICK_HIDAPI_XBOX360
    &SDL_HIDAPI_DriverXbox360,
    &SDL_HIDAPI_DriverXbox360W,
#endif
#ifdef SDL_JOYSTICK_HIDAPI_XBOXONE
    &SDL_HIDAPI_DriverXboxOne,
#endif
};
static int SDL_HIDAPI_numdrivers = 0;
static SDL_AtomicInt SDL_HIDAPI_updating_devices;
static bool SDL_HIDAPI_hints_changed = false;
static Uint32 SDL_HIDAPI_change_count = 0;
static SDL_HIDAPI_Device *SDL_HIDAPI_devices SDL_GUARDED_BY(SDL_joystick_lock);
static int SDL_HIDAPI_numjoysticks = 0;
static bool SDL_HIDAPI_combine_joycons = true;
static bool initialized = false;
static bool shutting_down = false;

static char *HIDAPI_ConvertString(const wchar_t *wide_string)
{
    char *string = NULL;

    if (wide_string) {
        string = SDL_iconv_string("UTF-8", "WCHAR_T", (char *)wide_string, (SDL_wcslen(wide_string) + 1) * sizeof(wchar_t));
        if (!string) {
            switch (sizeof(wchar_t)) {
            case 2:
                string = SDL_iconv_string("UTF-8", "UCS-2-INTERNAL", (char *)wide_string, (SDL_wcslen(wide_string) + 1) * sizeof(wchar_t));
                break;
            case 4:
                string = SDL_iconv_string("UTF-8", "UCS-4-INTERNAL", (char *)wide_string, (SDL_wcslen(wide_string) + 1) * sizeof(wchar_t));
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    return string;
}

void HIDAPI_DumpPacket(const char *prefix, const Uint8 *data, int size)
{
    int i;
    char *buffer;
    size_t length = SDL_strlen(prefix) + 11 * (size / 8) + (5 * size * 2) + 1 + 1;
    int start = 0, amount = size;
    size_t current_len;

    buffer = (char *)SDL_malloc(length);
    current_len = SDL_snprintf(buffer, length, prefix, size);
    for (i = start; i < start + amount; ++i) {
        if ((i % 8) == 0) {
            current_len += SDL_snprintf(&buffer[current_len], length - current_len, "\n%.2d:      ", i);
        }
        current_len += SDL_snprintf(&buffer[current_len], length - current_len, " 0x%.2x", data[i]);
    }
    SDL_strlcat(buffer, "\n", length);
    SDL_Log("%s", buffer);
    SDL_free(buffer);
}

bool HIDAPI_SupportsPlaystationDetection(Uint16 vendor, Uint16 product)
{
    /* If we already know the controller is a different type, don't try to detect it.
     * This fixes a hang with the HORIPAD for Nintendo Switch (0x0f0d/0x00c1)
     */
    if (SDL_GetGamepadTypeFromVIDPID(vendor, product, NULL, false) != SDL_GAMEPAD_TYPE_STANDARD) {
        return false;
    }

    switch (vendor) {
    case USB_VENDOR_DRAGONRISE:
        return true;
    case USB_VENDOR_HORI:
        return true;
    case USB_VENDOR_LOGITECH:
        /* Most Logitech devices are not PlayStation controllers, and some of them
         * lock up or reset when we send them the Sony third-party query feature
         * report, so don't include that vendor here. Instead add devices as
         * appropriate to controller_list.h
         */
        return false;
    case USB_VENDOR_MADCATZ:
        if (product == USB_PRODUCT_MADCATZ_SAITEK_SIDE_PANEL_CONTROL_DECK) {
            // This is not a Playstation compatible device
            return false;
        }
        return true;
    case USB_VENDOR_MAYFLASH:
        return true;
    case USB_VENDOR_NACON:
    case USB_VENDOR_NACON_ALT:
        return true;
    case USB_VENDOR_PDP:
        return true;
    case USB_VENDOR_POWERA:
        return true;
    case USB_VENDOR_POWERA_ALT:
        return true;
    case USB_VENDOR_QANBA:
        return true;
    case USB_VENDOR_RAZER:
        /* Most Razer devices are not PlayStation controllers, and some of them
         * lock up or reset when we send them the Sony third-party query feature
         * report, so don't include that vendor here. Instead add devices as
         * appropriate to controller_list.h
         *
         * Reference: https://github.com/libsdl-org/SDL/issues/6733
         *            https://github.com/libsdl-org/SDL/issues/6799
         */
        return false;
    case USB_VENDOR_SHANWAN:
        return true;
    case USB_VENDOR_SHANWAN_ALT:
        return true;
    case USB_VENDOR_THRUSTMASTER:
        /* Most of these are wheels, don't have the full set of effects, and
         * at least in the case of the T248 and T300 RS, the hid-tmff2 driver
         * puts them in a non-standard report mode and they can't be read.
         *
         * If these should use the HIDAPI driver, add them to controller_list.h
         */
        return false;
    case USB_VENDOR_ZEROPLUS:
        return true;
    case 0x7545 /* SZ-MYPOWER */:
        return true;
    default:
        return false;
    }
}

float HIDAPI_RemapVal(float val, float val_min, float val_max, float output_min, float output_max)
{
    return output_min + (output_max - output_min) * (val - val_min) / (val_max - val_min);
}

static void HIDAPI_UpdateDeviceList(void);
static void HIDAPI_JoystickClose(SDL_Joystick *joystick);

static SDL_GamepadType SDL_GetJoystickGameControllerProtocol(const char *name, Uint16 vendor, Uint16 product, int interface_number, int interface_class, int interface_subclass, int interface_protocol)
{
    static const int LIBUSB_CLASS_VENDOR_SPEC = 0xFF;
    static const int XB360_IFACE_SUBCLASS = 93;
    static const int XB360_IFACE_PROTOCOL = 1;    // Wired
    static const int XB360W_IFACE_PROTOCOL = 129; // Wireless
    static const int XBONE_IFACE_SUBCLASS = 71;
    static const int XBONE_IFACE_PROTOCOL = 208;

    SDL_GamepadType type = SDL_GAMEPAD_TYPE_STANDARD;

    // This code should match the checks in libusb/hid.c and HIDDeviceManager.java
    if (interface_class == LIBUSB_CLASS_VENDOR_SPEC &&
        interface_subclass == XB360_IFACE_SUBCLASS &&
        (interface_protocol == XB360_IFACE_PROTOCOL ||
         interface_protocol == XB360W_IFACE_PROTOCOL)) {

        static const int SUPPORTED_VENDORS[] = {
            0x0079, // GPD Win 2
            0x044f, // Thrustmaster
            0x045e, // Microsoft
            0x046d, // Logitech
            0x056e, // Elecom
            0x06a3, // Saitek
            0x0738, // Mad Catz
            0x07ff, // Mad Catz
            0x0e6f, // PDP
            0x0f0d, // Hori
            0x1038, // SteelSeries
            0x11c9, // Nacon
            0x12ab, // Unknown
            0x1430, // RedOctane
            0x146b, // BigBen
            0x1532, // Razer
            0x15e4, // Numark
            0x162e, // Joytech
            0x1689, // Razer Onza
            0x1949, // Lab126, Inc.
            0x1bad, // Harmonix
            0x20d6, // PowerA
            0x24c6, // PowerA
            0x2c22, // Qanba
            0x2dc8, // 8BitDo
            0x9886, // ASTRO Gaming
        };

        int i;
        for (i = 0; i < SDL_arraysize(SUPPORTED_VENDORS); ++i) {
            if (vendor == SUPPORTED_VENDORS[i]) {
                type = SDL_GAMEPAD_TYPE_XBOX360;
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    if (interface_number == 0 &&
        interface_class == LIBUSB_CLASS_VENDOR_SPEC &&
        interface_subclass == XBONE_IFACE_SUBCLASS &&
        interface_protocol == XBONE_IFACE_PROTOCOL) {

        static const int SUPPORTED_VENDORS[] = {
            0x03f0, // HP
            0x044f, // Thrustmaster
            0x045e, // Microsoft
            0x0738, // Mad Catz
            0x0b05, // ASUS
            0x0e6f, // PDP
            0x0f0d, // Hori
            0x10f5, // Turtle Beach
            0x1532, // Razer
            0x20d6, // PowerA
            0x24c6, // PowerA
            0x2dc8, // 8BitDo
            0x2e24, // Hyperkin
            0x3537, // GameSir
        };

        int i;
        for (i = 0; i < SDL_arraysize(SUPPORTED_VENDORS); ++i) {
            if (vendor == SUPPORTED_VENDORS[i]) {
                type = SDL_GAMEPAD_TYPE_XBOXONE;
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    if (type == SDL_GAMEPAD_TYPE_STANDARD) {
        type = SDL_GetGamepadTypeFromVIDPID(vendor, product, name, false);
    }
    return type;
}

static bool HIDAPI_IsDeviceSupported(Uint16 vendor_id, Uint16 product_id, Uint16 version, const char *name)
{
    int i;
    SDL_GamepadType type = SDL_GetJoystickGameControllerProtocol(name, vendor_id, product_id, -1, 0, 0, 0);

    for (i = 0; i < SDL_arraysize(SDL_HIDAPI_drivers); ++i) {
        SDL_HIDAPI_DeviceDriver *driver = SDL_HIDAPI_drivers[i];
        if (driver->enabled && driver->IsSupportedDevice(NULL, name, type, vendor_id, product_id, version, -1, 0, 0, 0)) {
            return true;
        }
    }
    return false;
}

static SDL_HIDAPI_DeviceDriver *HIDAPI_GetDeviceDriver(SDL_HIDAPI_Device *device)
{
    const Uint16 USAGE_PAGE_GENERIC_DESKTOP = 0x0001;
    const Uint16 USAGE_JOYSTICK = 0x0004;
    const Uint16 USAGE_GAMEPAD = 0x0005;
    const Uint16 USAGE_MULTIAXISCONTROLLER = 0x0008;
    int i;

    if (device->num_children > 0) {
        return &SDL_HIDAPI_DriverCombined;
    }

    if (SDL_ShouldIgnoreJoystick(device->vendor_id, device->product_id, device->version, device->name)) {
        return NULL;
    }

    if (device->vendor_id != USB_VENDOR_VALVE) {
        if (device->usage_page && device->usage_page != USAGE_PAGE_GENERIC_DESKTOP) {
            return NULL;
        }
        if (device->usage && device->usage != USAGE_JOYSTICK && device->usage != USAGE_GAMEPAD && device->usage != USAGE_MULTIAXISCONTROLLER) {
            return NULL;
        }
    }

    for (i = 0; i < SDL_arraysize(SDL_HIDAPI_drivers); ++i) {
        SDL_HIDAPI_DeviceDriver *driver = SDL_HIDAPI_drivers[i];
        if (driver->enabled && driver->IsSupportedDevice(device, device->name, device->type, device->vendor_id, device->product_id, device->version, device->interface_number, device->interface_class, device->interface_subclass, device->interface_protocol)) {
            return driver;
        }
    }
    return NULL;
}

static SDL_HIDAPI_Device *HIDAPI_GetDeviceByIndex(int device_index, SDL_JoystickID *pJoystickID)
{
    SDL_HIDAPI_Device *device;

    SDL_AssertJoysticksLocked();

    for (device = SDL_HIDAPI_devices; device; device = device->next) {
        if (device->parent || device->broken) {
            continue;
        }
        if (device->driver) {
            if (device_index < device->num_joysticks) {
                if (pJoystickID) {
                    *pJoystickID = device->joysticks[device_index];
                }
                return device;
            }
            device_index -= device->num_joysticks;
        }
    }
    return NULL;
}

static SDL_HIDAPI_Device *HIDAPI_GetJoystickByInfo(const char *path, Uint16 vendor_id, Uint16 product_id)
{
    SDL_HIDAPI_Device *device;

    SDL_AssertJoysticksLocked();

    for (device = SDL_HIDAPI_devices; device; device = device->next) {
        if (device->vendor_id == vendor_id && device->product_id == product_id &&
            SDL_strcmp(device->path, path) == 0) {
            break;
        }
    }
    return device;
}

static void HIDAPI_CleanupDeviceDriver(SDL_HIDAPI_Device *device)
{
    if (!device->driver) {
        return; // Already cleaned up
    }

    // Disconnect any joysticks
    while (device->num_joysticks && device->joysticks) {
        HIDAPI_JoystickDisconnected(device, device->joysticks[0]);
    }

    device->driver->FreeDevice(device);
    device->driver = NULL;

    SDL_LockMutex(device->dev_lock);
    {
        if (device->dev) {
            SDL_hid_close(device->dev);
            device->dev = NULL;
        }

        if (device->context) {
            SDL_free(device->context);
            device->context = NULL;
        }
    }
    SDL_UnlockMutex(device->dev_lock);
}

static void HIDAPI_SetupDeviceDriver(SDL_HIDAPI_Device *device, bool *removed) SDL_NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS // We unlock the joystick lock to be able to open the HID device on Android
{
    *removed = false;

    if (device->driver) {
        bool enabled;

        if (device->vendor_id == USB_VENDOR_NINTENDO && device->product_id == USB_PRODUCT_NINTENDO_SWITCH_JOYCON_PAIR) {
            enabled = SDL_HIDAPI_combine_joycons;
        } else {
            enabled = device->driver->enabled;
        }
        if (device->children) {
            int i;

            for (i = 0; i < device->num_children; ++i) {
                SDL_HIDAPI_Device *child = device->children[i];
                if (!child->driver || !child->driver->enabled) {
                    enabled = false;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        if (!enabled) {
            HIDAPI_CleanupDeviceDriver(device);
        }
        return; // Already setup
    }

    if (HIDAPI_GetDeviceDriver(device)) {
        // We might have a device driver for this device, try opening it and see
        if (device->num_children == 0) {
            SDL_hid_device *dev;

            // Wait a little bit for the device to initialize
            SDL_Delay(10);

            dev = SDL_hid_open_path(device->path);

            if (dev == NULL) {
                SDL_LogDebug(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_INPUT,
                             "HIDAPI_SetupDeviceDriver() couldn't open %s: %s",
                             device->path, SDL_GetError());
                return;
            }
            SDL_hid_set_nonblocking(dev, 1);

            device->dev = dev;
        }

        device->driver = HIDAPI_GetDeviceDriver(device);

        // Initialize the device, which may cause a connected event
        if (device->driver && !device->driver->InitDevice(device)) {
            HIDAPI_CleanupDeviceDriver(device);
        }

        if (!device->driver && device->dev) {
            // No driver claimed this device, go ahead and close it
            SDL_hid_close(device->dev);
            device->dev = NULL;
        }
    }
}

static void SDL_HIDAPI_UpdateDrivers(void)
{
    int i;
    SDL_HIDAPI_Device *device;
    bool removed;

    SDL_AssertJoysticksLocked();

    SDL_HIDAPI_numdrivers = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < SDL_arraysize(SDL_HIDAPI_drivers); ++i) {
        SDL_HIDAPI_DeviceDriver *driver = SDL_HIDAPI_drivers[i];
        driver->enabled = driver->IsEnabled();
        if (driver->enabled && driver != &SDL_HIDAPI_DriverCombined) {
            ++SDL_HIDAPI_numdrivers;
        }
    }

    removed = false;
    do {
        for (device = SDL_HIDAPI_devices; device; device = device->next) {
            HIDAPI_SetupDeviceDriver(device, &removed);
            if (removed) {
                break;
            }
        }
    } while (removed);
}

static void SDLCALL SDL_HIDAPIDriverHintChanged(void *userdata, const char *name, const char *oldValue, const char *hint)
{
    if (SDL_strcmp(name, SDL_HINT_JOYSTICK_HIDAPI_COMBINE_JOY_CONS) == 0) {
        SDL_HIDAPI_combine_joycons = SDL_GetStringBoolean(hint, true);
    }
    SDL_HIDAPI_hints_changed = true;
    SDL_HIDAPI_change_count = 0;
}

static bool HIDAPI_JoystickInit(void)
{
    int i;

    if (initialized) {
        return true;
    }

    if (SDL_hid_init() < 0) {
        return SDL_SetError("Couldn't initialize hidapi");
    }

    for (i = 0; i < SDL_arraysize(SDL_HIDAPI_drivers); ++i) {
        SDL_HIDAPI_DeviceDriver *driver = SDL_HIDAPI_drivers[i];
        driver->RegisterHints(SDL_HIDAPIDriverHintChanged, driver);
    }
    SDL_AddHintCallback(SDL_HINT_JOYSTICK_HIDAPI_COMBINE_JOY_CONS,
                        SDL_HIDAPIDriverHintChanged, NULL);
    SDL_AddHintCallback(SDL_HINT_JOYSTICK_HIDAPI,
                        SDL_HIDAPIDriverHintChanged, NULL);

    SDL_HIDAPI_change_count = SDL_hid_device_change_count();
    HIDAPI_UpdateDeviceList();
    HIDAPI_UpdateDevices();

    initialized = true;

    return true;
}

static bool HIDAPI_AddJoystickInstanceToDevice(SDL_HIDAPI_Device *device, SDL_JoystickID joystickID)
{
    SDL_JoystickID *joysticks = (SDL_JoystickID *)SDL_realloc(device->joysticks, (device->num_joysticks + 1) * sizeof(*device->joysticks));
    if (!joysticks) {
        return false;
    }

    device->joysticks = joysticks;
    device->joysticks[device->num_joysticks++] = joystickID;
    return true;
}

static bool HIDAPI_DelJoystickInstanceFromDevice(SDL_HIDAPI_Device *device, SDL_JoystickID joystickID)
{
    int i, size;

    for (i = 0; i < device->num_joysticks; ++i) {
        if (device->joysticks[i] == joystickID) {
            size = (device->num_joysticks - i - 1) * sizeof(SDL_JoystickID);
            SDL_memmove(&device->joysticks[i], &device->joysticks[i + 1], size);
            --device->num_joysticks;
            if (device->num_joysticks == 0) {
                SDL_free(device->joysticks);
                device->joysticks = NULL;
            }
            return true;
        }
    }
    return false;
}

static bool HIDAPI_JoystickInstanceIsUnique(SDL_HIDAPI_Device *device, SDL_JoystickID joystickID)
{
    if (device->parent && device->num_joysticks == 1 && device->parent->num_joysticks == 1 &&
        device->joysticks[0] == device->parent->joysticks[0]) {
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

void HIDAPI_SetDeviceName(SDL_HIDAPI_Device *device, const char *name)
{
    if (name && *name && SDL_strcmp(name, device->name) != 0) {
        SDL_free(device->name);
        device->name = SDL_strdup(name);
        SDL_SetJoystickGUIDCRC(&device->guid, SDL_crc16(0, name, SDL_strlen(name)));
    }
}

void HIDAPI_SetDeviceProduct(SDL_HIDAPI_Device *device, Uint16 vendor_id, Uint16 product_id)
{
    // Don't set the device product ID directly, or we'll constantly re-enumerate this device
    device->guid = SDL_CreateJoystickGUID(device->guid.data[0], vendor_id, product_id, device->version, device->manufacturer_string, device->product_string, 'h', 0);
}

static void HIDAPI_UpdateJoystickSerial(SDL_HIDAPI_Device *device)
{
    int i;

    SDL_AssertJoysticksLocked();

    for (i = 0; i < device->num_joysticks; ++i) {
        SDL_Joystick *joystick = SDL_GetJoystickFromID(device->joysticks[i]);
        if (joystick && device->serial) {
            SDL_free(joystick->serial);
            joystick->serial = SDL_strdup(device->serial);
        }
    }
}

static bool HIDAPI_SerialIsEmpty(SDL_HIDAPI_Device *device)
{
    bool all_zeroes = true;

    if (device->serial) {
        const char *serial = device->serial;
        for (serial = device->serial; *serial; ++serial) {
            if (*serial != '0') {
                all_zeroes = false;
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    return all_zeroes;
}

void HIDAPI_SetDeviceSerial(SDL_HIDAPI_Device *device, const char *serial)
{
    if (serial && *serial && (!device->serial || SDL_strcmp(serial, device->serial) != 0)) {
        SDL_free(device->serial);
        device->serial = SDL_strdup(serial);
        HIDAPI_UpdateJoystickSerial(device);
    }
}

static int wcstrcmp(const wchar_t *str1, const char *str2)
{
    int result;

    while (1) {
        result = (*str1 - *str2);
        if (result != 0 || *str1 == 0) {
            break;
        }
        ++str1;
        ++str2;
    }
    return result;
}

static void HIDAPI_SetDeviceSerialW(SDL_HIDAPI_Device *device, const wchar_t *serial)
{
    if (serial && *serial && (!device->serial || wcstrcmp(serial, device->serial) != 0)) {
        SDL_free(device->serial);
        device->serial = HIDAPI_ConvertString(serial);
        HIDAPI_UpdateJoystickSerial(device);
    }
}

bool HIDAPI_HasConnectedUSBDevice(const char *serial)
{
    SDL_HIDAPI_Device *device;

    SDL_AssertJoysticksLocked();

    if (!serial) {
        return false;
    }

    for (device = SDL_HIDAPI_devices; device; device = device->next) {
        if (!device->driver || device->broken) {
            continue;
        }

        if (device->is_bluetooth) {
            continue;
        }

        if (device->serial && SDL_strcmp(serial, device->serial) == 0) {
            return true;
        }
    }
    return false;
}

void HIDAPI_DisconnectBluetoothDevice(const char *serial)
{
    SDL_HIDAPI_Device *device;

    SDL_AssertJoysticksLocked();

    if (!serial) {
        return;
    }

    for (device = SDL_HIDAPI_devices; device; device = device->next) {
        if (!device->driver || device->broken) {
            continue;
        }

        if (!device->is_bluetooth) {
            continue;
        }

        if (device->serial && SDL_strcmp(serial, device->serial) == 0) {
            while (device->num_joysticks && device->joysticks) {
                HIDAPI_JoystickDisconnected(device, device->joysticks[0]);
            }
        }
    }
}

bool HIDAPI_JoystickConnected(SDL_HIDAPI_Device *device, SDL_JoystickID *pJoystickID)
{
    int i, j;
    SDL_JoystickID joystickID;

    SDL_AssertJoysticksLocked();

    for (i = 0; i < device->num_children; ++i) {
        SDL_HIDAPI_Device *child = device->children[i];
        for (j = child->num_joysticks; j--;) {
            HIDAPI_JoystickDisconnected(child, child->joysticks[j]);
        }
    }

    joystickID = SDL_GetNextObjectID();
    HIDAPI_AddJoystickInstanceToDevice(device, joystickID);

    for (i = 0; i < device->num_children; ++i) {
        SDL_HIDAPI_Device *child = device->children[i];
        HIDAPI_AddJoystickInstanceToDevice(child, joystickID);
    }

    ++SDL_HIDAPI_numjoysticks;

    if (pJoystickID) {
        *pJoystickID = joystickID;
    }

    SDL_PrivateJoystickAdded(joystickID);

    return true;
}

void HIDAPI_JoystickDisconnected(SDL_HIDAPI_Device *device, SDL_JoystickID joystickID)
{
    int i, j;

    SDL_LockJoysticks();

    if (!HIDAPI_JoystickInstanceIsUnique(device, joystickID)) {
        // Disconnecting a child always disconnects the parent
        device = device->parent;
    }

    for (i = 0; i < device->num_joysticks; ++i) {
        if (device->joysticks[i] == joystickID) {
            SDL_Joystick *joystick = SDL_GetJoystickFromID(joystickID);
            if (joystick) {
                HIDAPI_JoystickClose(joystick);
            }

            HIDAPI_DelJoystickInstanceFromDevice(device, joystickID);

            for (j = 0; j < device->num_children; ++j) {
                SDL_HIDAPI_Device *child = device->children[j];
                HIDAPI_DelJoystickInstanceFromDevice(child, joystickID);
            }

            --SDL_HIDAPI_numjoysticks;

            if (!shutting_down) {
                SDL_PrivateJoystickRemoved(joystickID);
            }
        }
    }

    // Rescan the device list in case device state has changed
    SDL_HIDAPI_change_count = 0;

    SDL_UnlockJoysticks();
}

static void HIDAPI_UpdateJoystickProperties(SDL_HIDAPI_Device *device, SDL_Joystick *joystick)
{
    SDL_PropertiesID props = SDL_GetJoystickProperties(joystick);
    Uint32 caps = device->driver->GetJoystickCapabilities(device, joystick);

    if (caps & SDL_JOYSTICK_CAP_MONO_LED) {
        SDL_SetBooleanProperty(props, SDL_PROP_JOYSTICK_CAP_MONO_LED_BOOLEAN, true);
    } else {
        SDL_SetBooleanProperty(props, SDL_PROP_JOYSTICK_CAP_MONO_LED_BOOLEAN, false);
    }
    if (caps & SDL_JOYSTICK_CAP_RGB_LED) {
        SDL_SetBooleanProperty(props, SDL_PROP_JOYSTICK_CAP_RGB_LED_BOOLEAN, true);
    } else {
        SDL_SetBooleanProperty(props, SDL_PROP_JOYSTICK_CAP_RGB_LED_BOOLEAN, false);
    }
    if (caps & SDL_JOYSTICK_CAP_PLAYER_LED) {
        SDL_SetBooleanProperty(props, SDL_PROP_JOYSTICK_CAP_PLAYER_LED_BOOLEAN, true);
    } else {
        SDL_SetBooleanProperty(props, SDL_PROP_JOYSTICK_CAP_PLAYER_LED_BOOLEAN, false);
    }
    if (caps & SDL_JOYSTICK_CAP_RUMBLE) {
        SDL_SetBooleanProperty(props, SDL_PROP_JOYSTICK_CAP_RUMBLE_BOOLEAN, true);
    } else {
        SDL_SetBooleanProperty(props, SDL_PROP_JOYSTICK_CAP_RUMBLE_BOOLEAN, false);
    }
    if (caps & SDL_JOYSTICK_CAP_TRIGGER_RUMBLE) {
        SDL_SetBooleanProperty(props, SDL_PROP_JOYSTICK_CAP_TRIGGER_RUMBLE_BOOLEAN, true);
    } else {
        SDL_SetBooleanProperty(props, SDL_PROP_JOYSTICK_CAP_TRIGGER_RUMBLE_BOOLEAN, false);
    }
}

void HIDAPI_UpdateDeviceProperties(SDL_HIDAPI_Device *device)
{
    int i;

    SDL_LockJoysticks();

    for (i = 0; i < device->num_joysticks; ++i) {
        SDL_Joystick *joystick = SDL_GetJoystickFromID(device->joysticks[i]);
        if (joystick) {
            HIDAPI_UpdateJoystickProperties(device, joystick);
        }
    }

    SDL_UnlockJoysticks();
}

static int HIDAPI_JoystickGetCount(void)
{
    return SDL_HIDAPI_numjoysticks;
}

static SDL_HIDAPI_Device *HIDAPI_AddDevice(const struct SDL_hid_device_info *info, int num_children, SDL_HIDAPI_Device **children)
{
    SDL_HIDAPI_Device *device;
    SDL_HIDAPI_Device *curr, *last = NULL;
    bool removed;
    Uint16 bus;

    SDL_AssertJoysticksLocked();

    for (curr = SDL_HIDAPI_devices, last = NULL; curr; last = curr, curr = curr->next) {
    }

    device = (SDL_HIDAPI_Device *)SDL_calloc(1, sizeof(*device));
    if (!device) {
        return NULL;
    }
    SDL_SetObjectValid(device, SDL_OBJECT_TYPE_HIDAPI_JOYSTICK, true);
    if (info->path) {
        device->path = SDL_strdup(info->path);
    }
    device->seen = true;
    device->vendor_id = info->vendor_id;
    device->product_id = info->product_id;
    device->version = info->release_number;
    device->interface_number = info->interface_number;
    device->interface_class = info->interface_class;
    device->interface_subclass = info->interface_subclass;
    device->interface_protocol = info->interface_protocol;
    device->usage_page = info->usage_page;
    device->usage = info->usage;
    device->is_bluetooth = (info->bus_type == SDL_HID_API_BUS_BLUETOOTH);
    device->dev_lock = SDL_CreateMutex();

    // Need the device name before getting the driver to know whether to ignore this device
    {
        char *serial_number = HIDAPI_ConvertString(info->serial_number);

        device->manufacturer_string = HIDAPI_ConvertString(info->manufacturer_string);
        device->product_string = HIDAPI_ConvertString(info->product_string);
        device->name = SDL_CreateJoystickName(device->vendor_id, device->product_id, device->manufacturer_string, device->product_string);

        if (serial_number && *serial_number) {
            device->serial = serial_number;
        } else {
            SDL_free(serial_number);
        }

        if (!device->name) {
            SDL_free(device->manufacturer_string);
            SDL_free(device->product_string);
            SDL_free(device->serial);
            SDL_free(device->path);
            SDL_free(device);
            return NULL;
        }
    }

    if (info->bus_type == SDL_HID_API_BUS_BLUETOOTH) {
        bus = SDL_HARDWARE_BUS_BLUETOOTH;
    } else {
        bus = SDL_HARDWARE_BUS_USB;
    }
    device->guid = SDL_CreateJoystickGUID(bus, device->vendor_id, device->product_id, device->version, device->manufacturer_string, device->product_string, 'h', 0);
    device->joystick_type = SDL_JOYSTICK_TYPE_GAMEPAD;
    device->type = SDL_GetJoystickGameControllerProtocol(device->name, device->vendor_id, device->product_id, device->interface_number, device->interface_class, device->interface_subclass, device->interface_protocol);
    device->steam_virtual_gamepad_slot = -1;

    if (num_children > 0) {
        int i;

        device->num_children = num_children;
        device->children = children;
        for (i = 0; i < num_children; ++i) {
            children[i]->parent = device;
        }
    }

    // Add it to the list
    if (last) {
        last->next = device;
    } else {
        SDL_HIDAPI_devices = device;
    }

    removed = false;
    HIDAPI_SetupDeviceDriver(device, &removed);
    if (removed) {
        return NULL;
    }

    SDL_LogDebug(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_INPUT, "Added HIDAPI device '%s' VID 0x%.4x, PID 0x%.4x, bluetooth %d, version %d, serial %s, interface %d, interface_class %d, interface_subclass %d, interface_protocol %d, usage page 0x%.4x, usage 0x%.4x, path = %s, driver = %s (%s)", device->name, device->vendor_id, device->product_id, device->is_bluetooth, device->version,
            device->serial ? device->serial : "NONE", device->interface_number, device->interface_class, device->interface_subclass, device->interface_protocol, device->usage_page, device->usage,
            device->path, device->driver ? device->driver->name : "NONE", device->driver && device->driver->enabled ? "ENABLED" : "DISABLED");

    return device;
}

static void HIDAPI_DelDevice(SDL_HIDAPI_Device *device)
{
    SDL_HIDAPI_Device *curr, *last;
    int i;

    SDL_AssertJoysticksLocked();

    SDL_LogDebug(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_INPUT, "Removing HIDAPI device '%s' VID 0x%.4x, PID 0x%.4x, bluetooth %d, version %d, serial %s, interface %d, interface_class %d, interface_subclass %d, interface_protocol %d, usage page 0x%.4x, usage 0x%.4x, path = %s, driver = %s (%s)", device->name, device->vendor_id, device->product_id, device->is_bluetooth, device->version,
            device->serial ? device->serial : "NONE", device->interface_number, device->interface_class, device->interface_subclass, device->interface_protocol, device->usage_page, device->usage,
            device->path, device->driver ? device->driver->name : "NONE", device->driver && device->driver->enabled ? "ENABLED" : "DISABLED");

    for (curr = SDL_HIDAPI_devices, last = NULL; curr; last = curr, curr = curr->next) {
        if (curr == device) {
            if (last) {
                last->next = curr->next;
            } else {
                SDL_HIDAPI_devices = curr->next;
            }

            HIDAPI_CleanupDeviceDriver(device);

            // Make sure the rumble thread is done with this device
            while (SDL_GetAtomicInt(&device->rumble_pending) > 0) {
                SDL_Delay(10);
            }

            for (i = 0; i < device->num_children; ++i) {
                device->children[i]->parent = NULL;
            }

            SDL_SetObjectValid(device, SDL_OBJECT_TYPE_HIDAPI_JOYSTICK, false);
            SDL_DestroyMutex(device->dev_lock);
            SDL_free(device->manufacturer_string);
            SDL_free(device->product_string);
            SDL_free(device->serial);
            SDL_free(device->name);
            SDL_free(device->path);
            SDL_free(device->children);
            SDL_free(device);
            return;
        }
    }
}

static bool HIDAPI_CreateCombinedJoyCons(void)
{
    SDL_HIDAPI_Device *device, *combined;
    SDL_HIDAPI_Device *joycons[2] = { NULL, NULL };

    SDL_AssertJoysticksLocked();

    if (!SDL_HIDAPI_combine_joycons) {
        return false;
    }

    for (device = SDL_HIDAPI_devices; device; device = device->next) {
        Uint16 vendor, product;

        if (!device->driver) {
            // Unsupported device
            continue;
        }
        if (device->parent) {
            // This device is already part of a combined device
            continue;
        }
        if (device->broken) {
            // This device can't be used
            continue;
        }

        SDL_GetJoystickGUIDInfo(device->guid, &vendor, &product, NULL, NULL);

        if (!joycons[0] &&
            (SDL_IsJoystickNintendoSwitchJoyConLeft(vendor, product) ||
             (SDL_IsJoystickNintendoSwitchJoyConGrip(vendor, product) &&
              SDL_strstr(device->name, "(L)") != NULL))) {
            joycons[0] = device;
        }
        if (!joycons[1] &&
            (SDL_IsJoystickNintendoSwitchJoyConRight(vendor, product) ||
             (SDL_IsJoystickNintendoSwitchJoyConGrip(vendor, product) &&
              SDL_strstr(device->name, "(R)") != NULL))) {
            joycons[1] = device;
        }
        if (joycons[0] && joycons[1]) {
            SDL_hid_device_info info;
            SDL_HIDAPI_Device **children = (SDL_HIDAPI_Device **)SDL_malloc(2 * sizeof(SDL_HIDAPI_Device *));
            if (!children) {
                return false;
            }
            children[0] = joycons[0];
            children[1] = joycons[1];

            SDL_zero(info);
            info.path = "nintendo_joycons_combined";
            info.vendor_id = USB_VENDOR_NINTENDO;
            info.product_id = USB_PRODUCT_NINTENDO_SWITCH_JOYCON_PAIR;
            info.interface_number = -1;
            info.usage_page = USB_USAGEPAGE_GENERIC_DESKTOP;
            info.usage = USB_USAGE_GENERIC_GAMEPAD;
            info.manufacturer_string = L"Nintendo";
            info.product_string = L"Switch Joy-Con (L/R)";
            if (children[0]->is_bluetooth || children[1]->is_bluetooth) {
                info.bus_type = SDL_HID_API_BUS_BLUETOOTH;
            } else {
                info.bus_type = SDL_HID_API_BUS_USB;
            }

            combined = HIDAPI_AddDevice(&info, 2, children);
            if (combined && combined->driver) {
                return true;
            } else {
                if (combined) {
                    HIDAPI_DelDevice(combined);
                } else {
                    SDL_free(children);
                }
                return false;
            }
        }
    }
    return false;
}

static void HIDAPI_UpdateDeviceList(void)
{
    SDL_HIDAPI_Device *device;
    struct SDL_hid_device_info *devs, *info;

    SDL_LockJoysticks();

    if (SDL_HIDAPI_hints_changed) {
        SDL_HIDAPI_UpdateDrivers();
        SDL_HIDAPI_hints_changed = false;
    }

    // Prepare the existing device list
    for (device = SDL_HIDAPI_devices; device; device = device->next) {
        if (device->children) {
            continue;
        }
        device->seen = false;
    }

    // Enumerate the devices
    if (SDL_HIDAPI_numdrivers > 0) {
        devs = SDL_hid_enumerate(0, 0);
        if (devs) {
            for (info = devs; info; info = info->next) {
                device = HIDAPI_GetJoystickByInfo(info->path, info->vendor_id, info->product_id);
                if (device) {
                    device->seen = true;

                    // Check to see if the serial number is available now
                    if(HIDAPI_SerialIsEmpty(device)) {
                        HIDAPI_SetDeviceSerialW(device, info->serial_number);
                    }
                } else {
                    HIDAPI_AddDevice(info, 0, NULL);
                }
            }
            SDL_hid_free_enumeration(devs);
        }
    }

    // Remove any devices that weren't seen or have been disconnected due to read errors
check_removed:
    device = SDL_HIDAPI_devices;
    while (device) {
        SDL_HIDAPI_Device *next = device->next;

        if (!device->seen ||
            ((device->driver || device->children) && device->num_joysticks == 0 && !device->dev)) {
            if (device->parent) {
                // When a child device goes away, so does the parent
                int i;
                device = device->parent;
                for (i = 0; i < device->num_children; ++i) {
                    HIDAPI_DelDevice(device->children[i]);
                }
                HIDAPI_DelDevice(device);

                // Update the device list again to pick up any children left
                SDL_HIDAPI_change_count = 0;

                // We deleted more than one device here, restart the loop
                goto check_removed;
            } else {
                HIDAPI_DelDevice(device);
                device = NULL;

                // Update the device list again in case this device comes back
                SDL_HIDAPI_change_count = 0;
            }
        }
        if (device && device->broken && device->parent) {
            HIDAPI_DelDevice(device->parent);

            // We deleted a different device here, restart the loop
            goto check_removed;
        }
        device = next;
    }

    // See if we can create any combined Joy-Con controllers
    while (HIDAPI_CreateCombinedJoyCons()) {
    }

    SDL_UnlockJoysticks();
}

static bool HIDAPI_IsEquivalentToDevice(Uint16 vendor_id, Uint16 product_id, SDL_HIDAPI_Device *device)
{
    if (vendor_id == device->vendor_id && product_id == device->product_id) {
        return true;
    }

    if (vendor_id == USB_VENDOR_MICROSOFT) {
        // If we're looking for the wireless XBox 360 controller, also look for the dongle
        if (product_id == USB_PRODUCT_XBOX360_XUSB_CONTROLLER && device->product_id == USB_PRODUCT_XBOX360_WIRELESS_RECEIVER) {
            return true;
        }

        // If we're looking for the raw input Xbox One controller, match it against any other Xbox One controller
        if (product_id == USB_PRODUCT_XBOX_ONE_XBOXGIP_CONTROLLER &&
            device->type == SDL_GAMEPAD_TYPE_XBOXONE) {
            return true;
        }

        // If we're looking for an XInput controller, match it against any other Xbox controller
        if (product_id == USB_PRODUCT_XBOX360_XUSB_CONTROLLER) {
            if (device->type == SDL_GAMEPAD_TYPE_XBOX360 || device->type == SDL_GAMEPAD_TYPE_XBOXONE) {
                return true;
            }
        }
    }

    if (vendor_id == USB_VENDOR_NVIDIA) {
        // If we're looking for the NVIDIA SHIELD controller Xbox interface, match it against any NVIDIA SHIELD controller
        if (product_id == 0xb400 &&
            SDL_IsJoystickNVIDIASHIELDController(vendor_id, product_id)) {
            return true;
        }
    }
    return false;
}

static bool HIDAPI_StartUpdatingDevices(void)
{
    return SDL_CompareAndSwapAtomicInt(&SDL_HIDAPI_updating_devices, false, true);
}

static void HIDAPI_FinishUpdatingDevices(void)
{
    SDL_SetAtomicInt(&SDL_HIDAPI_updating_devices, false);
}

bool HIDAPI_IsDeviceTypePresent(SDL_GamepadType type)
{
    SDL_HIDAPI_Device *device;
    bool result = false;

    // Make sure we're initialized, as this could be called from other drivers during startup
    if (!HIDAPI_JoystickInit()) {
        return false;
    }

    if (HIDAPI_StartUpdatingDevices()) {
        HIDAPI_UpdateDeviceList();
        HIDAPI_FinishUpdatingDevices();
    }

    SDL_LockJoysticks();
    for (device = SDL_HIDAPI_devices; device; device = device->next) {
        if (device->driver && device->type == type) {
            result = true;
            break;
        }
    }
    SDL_UnlockJoysticks();

#ifdef DEBUG_HIDAPI
    SDL_Log("HIDAPI_IsDeviceTypePresent() returning %s for %d", result ? "true" : "false", type);
#endif
    return result;
}

bool HIDAPI_IsDevicePresent(Uint16 vendor_id, Uint16 product_id, Uint16 version, const char *name)
{
    SDL_HIDAPI_Device *device;
    bool supported = false;
    bool result = false;

    // Make sure we're initialized, as this could be called from other drivers during startup
    if (!HIDAPI_JoystickInit()) {
        return false;
    }

    /* Only update the device list for devices we know might be supported.
       If we did this for every device, it would hit the USB driver too hard and potentially
       lock up the system. This won't catch devices that we support but can only detect using
       USB interface details, like Xbox controllers, but hopefully the device list update is
       responsive enough to catch those.
     */
    supported = HIDAPI_IsDeviceSupported(vendor_id, product_id, version, name);
#if defined(SDL_JOYSTICK_HIDAPI_XBOX360) || defined(SDL_JOYSTICK_HIDAPI_XBOXONE)
    if (!supported &&
        (SDL_strstr(name, "Xbox") || SDL_strstr(name, "X-Box") || SDL_strstr(name, "XBOX"))) {
        supported = true;
    }
#endif // SDL_JOYSTICK_HIDAPI_XBOX360 || SDL_JOYSTICK_HIDAPI_XBOXONE
    if (supported) {
        if (HIDAPI_StartUpdatingDevices()) {
            HIDAPI_UpdateDeviceList();
            HIDAPI_FinishUpdatingDevices();
        }
    }

    /* Note that this isn't a perfect check - there may be multiple devices with 0 VID/PID,
       or a different name than we have it listed here, etc, but if we support the device
       and we have something similar in our device list, mark it as present.
     */
    SDL_LockJoysticks();
    for (device = SDL_HIDAPI_devices; device; device = device->next) {
        if (device->driver &&
            HIDAPI_IsEquivalentToDevice(vendor_id, product_id, device)) {
            result = true;
            break;
        }
    }
    SDL_UnlockJoysticks();

#ifdef DEBUG_HIDAPI
    SDL_Log("HIDAPI_IsDevicePresent() returning %s for 0x%.4x / 0x%.4x", result ? "true" : "false", vendor_id, product_id);
#endif
    return result;
}

char *HIDAPI_GetDeviceProductName(Uint16 vendor_id, Uint16 product_id)
{
    SDL_HIDAPI_Device *device;
    char *name = NULL;

    SDL_LockJoysticks();
    for (device = SDL_HIDAPI_devices; device; device = device->next) {
        if (vendor_id == device->vendor_id && product_id == device->product_id) {
            if (device->product_string) {
                name = SDL_strdup(device->product_string);
            }
            break;
        }
    }
    SDL_UnlockJoysticks();

    return name;
}

char *HIDAPI_GetDeviceManufacturerName(Uint16 vendor_id, Uint16 product_id)
{
    SDL_HIDAPI_Device *device;
    char *name = NULL;

    SDL_LockJoysticks();
    for (device = SDL_HIDAPI_devices; device; device = device->next) {
        if (vendor_id == device->vendor_id && product_id == device->product_id) {
            if (device->manufacturer_string) {
                name = SDL_strdup(device->manufacturer_string);
            }
            break;
        }
    }
    SDL_UnlockJoysticks();

    return name;
}

SDL_JoystickType HIDAPI_GetJoystickTypeFromGUID(SDL_GUID guid)
{
    SDL_HIDAPI_Device *device;
    SDL_JoystickType type = SDL_JOYSTICK_TYPE_UNKNOWN;

    SDL_LockJoysticks();
    for (device = SDL_HIDAPI_devices; device; device = device->next) {
        if (SDL_memcmp(&guid, &device->guid, sizeof(guid)) == 0) {
            type = device->joystick_type;
            break;
        }
    }
    SDL_UnlockJoysticks();

    return type;
}

SDL_GamepadType HIDAPI_GetGamepadTypeFromGUID(SDL_GUID guid)
{
    SDL_HIDAPI_Device *device;
    SDL_GamepadType type = SDL_GAMEPAD_TYPE_STANDARD;

    SDL_LockJoysticks();
    for (device = SDL_HIDAPI_devices; device; device = device->next) {
        if (SDL_memcmp(&guid, &device->guid, sizeof(guid)) == 0) {
            type = device->type;
            break;
        }
    }
    SDL_UnlockJoysticks();

    return type;
}

static void HIDAPI_JoystickDetect(void)
{
    if (HIDAPI_StartUpdatingDevices()) {
        Uint32 count = SDL_hid_device_change_count();
        if (SDL_HIDAPI_change_count != count) {
            SDL_HIDAPI_change_count = count;
            HIDAPI_UpdateDeviceList();
        }
        HIDAPI_FinishUpdatingDevices();
    }
}

void HIDAPI_UpdateDevices(void)
{
    SDL_HIDAPI_Device *device;

    SDL_AssertJoysticksLocked();

    // Update the devices, which may change connected joysticks and send events

    // Prepare the existing device list
    if (HIDAPI_StartUpdatingDevices()) {
        for (device = SDL_HIDAPI_devices; device; device = device->next) {
            if (device->parent) {
                continue;
            }
            if (device->driver) {
                if (SDL_TryLockMutex(device->dev_lock)) {
                    device->updating = true;
                    device->driver->UpdateDevice(device);
                    device->updating = false;
                    SDL_UnlockMutex(device->dev_lock);
                }
            }
        }
        HIDAPI_FinishUpdatingDevices();
    }
}

static const char *HIDAPI_JoystickGetDeviceName(int device_index)
{
    SDL_HIDAPI_Device *device;
    const char *name = NULL;

    device = HIDAPI_GetDeviceByIndex(device_index, NULL);
    if (device) {
        // FIXME: The device could be freed after this name is returned...
        name = device->name;
    }

    return name;
}

static const char *HIDAPI_JoystickGetDevicePath(int device_index)
{
    SDL_HIDAPI_Device *device;
    const char *path = NULL;

    device = HIDAPI_GetDeviceByIndex(device_index, NULL);
    if (device) {
        // FIXME: The device could be freed after this path is returned...
        path = device->path;
    }

    return path;
}

static int HIDAPI_JoystickGetDeviceSteamVirtualGamepadSlot(int device_index)
{
    SDL_HIDAPI_Device *device;

    device = HIDAPI_GetDeviceByIndex(device_index, NULL);
    if (device) {
        return device->steam_virtual_gamepad_slot;
    }
    return -1;
}

static int HIDAPI_JoystickGetDevicePlayerIndex(int device_index)
{
    SDL_HIDAPI_Device *device;
    SDL_JoystickID instance_id;
    int player_index = -1;

    device = HIDAPI_GetDeviceByIndex(device_index, &instance_id);
    if (device) {
        player_index = device->driver->GetDevicePlayerIndex(device, instance_id);
    }

    return player_index;
}

static void HIDAPI_JoystickSetDevicePlayerIndex(int device_index, int player_index)
{
    SDL_HIDAPI_Device *device;
    SDL_JoystickID instance_id;

    device = HIDAPI_GetDeviceByIndex(device_index, &instance_id);
    if (device) {
        device->driver->SetDevicePlayerIndex(device, instance_id, player_index);
    }
}

static SDL_GUID HIDAPI_JoystickGetDeviceGUID(int device_index)
{
    SDL_HIDAPI_Device *device;
    SDL_GUID guid;

    device = HIDAPI_GetDeviceByIndex(device_index, NULL);
    if (device) {
        SDL_memcpy(&guid, &device->guid, sizeof(guid));
    } else {
        SDL_zero(guid);
    }

    return guid;
}

static SDL_JoystickID HIDAPI_JoystickGetDeviceInstanceID(int device_index)
{
    SDL_JoystickID joystickID = 0;
    HIDAPI_GetDeviceByIndex(device_index, &joystickID);
    return joystickID;
}

static bool HIDAPI_JoystickOpen(SDL_Joystick *joystick, int device_index)
{
    SDL_JoystickID joystickID = 0;
    SDL_HIDAPI_Device *device = HIDAPI_GetDeviceByIndex(device_index, &joystickID);
    struct joystick_hwdata *hwdata;

    SDL_AssertJoysticksLocked();

    if (!device || !device->driver || device->broken) {
        // This should never happen - validated before being called
        return SDL_SetError("Couldn't find HIDAPI device at index %d", device_index);
    }

    hwdata = (struct joystick_hwdata *)SDL_calloc(1, sizeof(*hwdata));
    if (!hwdata) {
        return false;
    }
    hwdata->device = device;

    // Process any pending reports before opening the device
    SDL_LockMutex(device->dev_lock);
    device->updating = true;
    device->driver->UpdateDevice(device);
    device->updating = false;
    SDL_UnlockMutex(device->dev_lock);

    // UpdateDevice() may have called HIDAPI_JoystickDisconnected() if the device went away
    if (device->num_joysticks == 0) {
        SDL_free(hwdata);
        return SDL_SetError("HIDAPI device disconnected while opening");
    }

    // Set the default connection state, can be overridden below
    if (device->is_bluetooth) {
        joystick->connection_state = SDL_JOYSTICK_CONNECTION_WIRELESS;
    } else {
        joystick->connection_state = SDL_JOYSTICK_CONNECTION_WIRED;
    }

    if (!device->driver->OpenJoystick(device, joystick)) {
        // The open failed, mark this device as disconnected and update devices
        HIDAPI_JoystickDisconnected(device, joystickID);
        SDL_free(hwdata);
        return false;
    }

    HIDAPI_UpdateJoystickProperties(device, joystick);

    if (device->serial) {
        joystick->serial = SDL_strdup(device->serial);
    }

    joystick->hwdata = hwdata;
    return true;
}

static bool HIDAPI_GetJoystickDevice(SDL_Joystick *joystick, SDL_HIDAPI_Device **device)
{
    SDL_AssertJoysticksLocked();

    if (joystick && joystick->hwdata) {
        *device = joystick->hwdata->device;
        if (SDL_ObjectValid(*device, SDL_OBJECT_TYPE_HIDAPI_JOYSTICK) && (*device)->driver != NULL) {
            return true;
        }
    }
    return false;
}

static bool HIDAPI_JoystickRumble(SDL_Joystick *joystick, Uint16 low_frequency_rumble, Uint16 high_frequency_rumble)
{
    bool result;
    SDL_HIDAPI_Device *device = NULL;

    if (HIDAPI_GetJoystickDevice(joystick, &device)) {
        result = device->driver->RumbleJoystick(device, joystick, low_frequency_rumble, high_frequency_rumble);
    } else {
        result = SDL_SetError("Rumble failed, device disconnected");
    }

    return result;
}

static bool HIDAPI_JoystickRumbleTriggers(SDL_Joystick *joystick, Uint16 left_rumble, Uint16 right_rumble)
{
    bool result;
    SDL_HIDAPI_Device *device = NULL;

    if (HIDAPI_GetJoystickDevice(joystick, &device)) {
        result = device->driver->RumbleJoystickTriggers(device, joystick, left_rumble, right_rumble);
    } else {
        result = SDL_SetError("Rumble failed, device disconnected");
    }

    return result;
}

static bool HIDAPI_JoystickSetLED(SDL_Joystick *joystick, Uint8 red, Uint8 green, Uint8 blue)
{
    bool result;
    SDL_HIDAPI_Device *device = NULL;

    if (HIDAPI_GetJoystickDevice(joystick, &device)) {
        result = device->driver->SetJoystickLED(device, joystick, red, green, blue);
    } else {
        result = SDL_SetError("SetLED failed, device disconnected");
    }

    return result;
}

static bool HIDAPI_JoystickSendEffect(SDL_Joystick *joystick, const void *data, int size)
{
    bool result;
    SDL_HIDAPI_Device *device = NULL;

    if (HIDAPI_GetJoystickDevice(joystick, &device)) {
        result = device->driver->SendJoystickEffect(device, joystick, data, size);
    } else {
        result = SDL_SetError("SendEffect failed, device disconnected");
    }

    return result;
}

static bool HIDAPI_JoystickSetSensorsEnabled(SDL_Joystick *joystick, bool enabled)
{
    bool result;
    SDL_HIDAPI_Device *device = NULL;

    if (HIDAPI_GetJoystickDevice(joystick, &device)) {
        result = device->driver->SetJoystickSensorsEnabled(device, joystick, enabled);
    } else {
        result = SDL_SetError("SetSensorsEnabled failed, device disconnected");
    }

    return result;
}

static void HIDAPI_JoystickUpdate(SDL_Joystick *joystick)
{
    // This is handled in SDL_HIDAPI_UpdateDevices()
}

static void HIDAPI_JoystickClose(SDL_Joystick *joystick) SDL_NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS // We unlock the device lock so rumble can complete
{
    SDL_AssertJoysticksLocked();

    if (joystick->hwdata) {
        SDL_HIDAPI_Device *device = joystick->hwdata->device;
        int i;

        // Wait up to 30 ms for pending rumble to complete
        if (device->updating) {
            // Unlock the device so rumble can complete
            SDL_UnlockMutex(device->dev_lock);
        }
        for (i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
            if (SDL_GetAtomicInt(&device->rumble_pending) > 0) {
                SDL_Delay(10);
            }
        }
        if (device->updating) {
            // Relock the device
            SDL_LockMutex(device->dev_lock);
        }

        device->driver->CloseJoystick(device, joystick);

        SDL_free(joystick->hwdata);
        joystick->hwdata = NULL;
    }
}

static void HIDAPI_JoystickQuit(void)
{
    int i;

    SDL_AssertJoysticksLocked();

    shutting_down = true;

    SDL_HIDAPI_QuitRumble();

    while (SDL_HIDAPI_devices) {
        SDL_HIDAPI_Device *device = SDL_HIDAPI_devices;
        if (device->parent) {
            // When a child device goes away, so does the parent
            device = device->parent;
            for (i = 0; i < device->num_children; ++i) {
                HIDAPI_DelDevice(device->children[i]);
            }
            HIDAPI_DelDevice(device);
        } else {
            HIDAPI_DelDevice(device);
        }
    }

    // Make sure the drivers cleaned up properly
    SDL_assert(SDL_HIDAPI_numjoysticks == 0);

    for (i = 0; i < SDL_arraysize(SDL_HIDAPI_drivers); ++i) {
        SDL_HIDAPI_DeviceDriver *driver = SDL_HIDAPI_drivers[i];
        driver->UnregisterHints(SDL_HIDAPIDriverHintChanged, driver);
    }
    SDL_RemoveHintCallback(SDL_HINT_JOYSTICK_HIDAPI_COMBINE_JOY_CONS,
                        SDL_HIDAPIDriverHintChanged, NULL);
    SDL_RemoveHintCallback(SDL_HINT_JOYSTICK_HIDAPI,
                        SDL_HIDAPIDriverHintChanged, NULL);

    SDL_hid_exit();

    SDL_HIDAPI_change_count = 0;
    shutting_down = false;
    initialized = false;
}

static bool HIDAPI_JoystickGetGamepadMapping(int device_index, SDL_GamepadMapping *out)
{
    return false;
}

SDL_JoystickDriver SDL_HIDAPI_JoystickDriver = {
    HIDAPI_JoystickInit,
    HIDAPI_JoystickGetCount,
    HIDAPI_JoystickDetect,
    HIDAPI_IsDevicePresent,
    HIDAPI_JoystickGetDeviceName,
    HIDAPI_JoystickGetDevicePath,
    HIDAPI_JoystickGetDeviceSteamVirtualGamepadSlot,
    HIDAPI_JoystickGetDevicePlayerIndex,
    HIDAPI_JoystickSetDevicePlayerIndex,
    HIDAPI_JoystickGetDeviceGUID,
    HIDAPI_JoystickGetDeviceInstanceID,
    HIDAPI_JoystickOpen,
    HIDAPI_JoystickRumble,
    HIDAPI_JoystickRumbleTriggers,
    HIDAPI_JoystickSetLED,
    HIDAPI_JoystickSendEffect,
    HIDAPI_JoystickSetSensorsEnabled,
    HIDAPI_JoystickUpdate,
    HIDAPI_JoystickClose,
    HIDAPI_JoystickQuit,
    HIDAPI_JoystickGetGamepadMapping
};

#endif // SDL_JOYSTICK_HIDAPI