Use watsonx, and eleutherai `gpt-neox-20b` to summarize legal Contracts documents.ipynb

Kernel: Python 3 (ipykernel)

Use watsonx, and eleutherai gpt-neox-20b to summarize legal Contracts documents

Disclaimers

• Use only Projects and Spaces that are available in watsonx context.

Notebook content

This notebook contains the steps and code to demonstrate support of text summarization in watsonx. It introduces commands for data retrieval and model testing.

Some familiarity with Python is helpful. This notebook uses Python 3.11.

Learning goal

The goal of this notebook is to demonstrate how to use gpt-neox-20b model to summarize legal documents .

Contents

This notebook contains the following parts:

• Setup

• Data loading

• Foundation Models on watsonx

• Model testing

• Score

• Summary

Set up the environment

Before you use the sample code in this notebook, you must perform the following setup tasks:

• Contact with your Cloud Pack for Data administrator and ask him for your account credentials

Install and import the ibm-watsonx-ai and dependecies

Note: ibm-watsonx-ai documentation can be found here.

!pip install wget | tail -n 1
!pip install requests | tail -n 1
!pip install -U ibm-watsonx-ai | tail -n 1

Connection to WML

Authenticate the Watson Machine Learning service on IBM Cloud Pack for Data. You need to provide platform url, your username and api_key.

username = 'PASTE YOUR USERNAME HERE'
api_key = 'PASTE YOUR API_KEY HERE'
url = 'PASTE THE PLATFORM URL HERE'

from ibm_watsonx_ai import Credentials

credentials = Credentials(
    username=username,
    api_key=api_key,
    url=url,
    instance_id="openshift",
    version="5.0"
)

Alternatively you can use username and password to authenticate WML services.

credentials = Credentials(
    username=***,
    password=***,
    url=***,
    instance_id="openshift",
    version="5.0"
)

Defining the project id

The Foundation Model requires project id that provides the context for the call. We will obtain the id from the project in which this notebook runs. Otherwise, please provide the project id.

import os

try:
    project_id = os.environ["PROJECT_ID"]
except KeyError:
    project_id = input("Please enter your project_id (hit enter): ")

Data loading

Download the legal_contracts_summarization dataset. It contains different legal documents, e.g. terms & conditions or licences, together with their summaries written by humans.

import wget

filename = 'contracts_summarization.json'
url = 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lauramanor/legal_summarization/master/all_v1.json'

if not os.path.isfile(filename): 
    wget.download(url, out='contracts_summarization.json')

Read the data.

import pandas as pd

data = pd.read_json("contracts_summarization.json").T

Inspect data sample.

import json

data_sample = data[17:27][["original_text", "reference_summary"]]
print(json.dumps(data_sample.values.tolist(), indent=2))

[
  [
    "these terms and any action related thereto will be governed by the laws of the state of california without regard to its conflict of laws provisions. these terms constitute the entire and exclusive understanding and agreement between niantic and you regarding the services and content and these terms supersede and replace any and all prior oral or written understandings or agreements between niantic and you regarding the services and content. if any provision of these terms is held invalid or unenforceable either by an arbitrator appointed pursuant to the terms of the dispute resolution section above or by a court of competent jurisdiction but only if you timely opt out of arbitration by sending us an arbitration opt out notice in accordance with the terms set forth above that provision will be enforced to the maximum extent permissible and the other provisions of these terms will remain in full force and effect. you may not assign or transfer these terms by operation of law or otherwise without niantic s prior written consent. any attempt by you to assign or transfer these terms without such consent will be null. niantic may freely assign or transfer these terms without restriction. subject to the foregoing these terms will bind and inure to the benefit of the parties their successors and permitted assigns. any notices or other communications provided by niantic under these terms including those regarding modifications to these terms will be given a via email or b by posting to the services. for notices made by email the date of receipt will be deemed the date on which such notice is transmitted. niantic s failure to enforce any right or provision of these terms will not be considered a waiver of such right or provision. the waiver of any such right or provision will be effective only if in writing and signed by a duly authorized representative of niantic. except as expressly set forth in these terms the exercise by either party of any of its remedies under these terms will be without prejudice to its other remedies under these terms or otherwise.",
    "california governs these terms. we ll let you know if we make changes to the terms and we might forget to enforce them sometimes."
  ],
  [
    "if you have any questions about these terms or the services please contact niantic at termsofservice nianticlabs com or 2 bryant ste. 220 san francisco ca 94105.",
    "termsofservice nianticlabs com."
  ],
  [
    "tldr permits access to the sites subject to these terms and conditions. please read these terms carefully. by using the sites you agree to be bound by these terms and conditions this agreement is between you and fossa inc a delaware limited liability company tldr. you do not need to take any action to accept these terms but you must accept the terms if you wish to exercise the rights granted herein and your access to or use of the sites shall be deemed your assent to these terms. if you do not agree with these terms then you are not entitled to use the sites. if you are agreeing to these terms on behalf of a company or other legal entity you represent that you have the authority to bind such entity its affiliates and all users who access the sites to these terms and in which case the terms you or your shall refer to such entity its affiliates and users associated with it. if you do not have such authority or if you do not agree with these terms you may not use the sites. the sites provided by tldr including but not limited to that located at https tldrlegal com collectively together with all sub domains thereof and any information content and services as defined herein the site or sites may include but is not limited to information created by tldr offered by tldr data collected from public sources content from or contributed by third parties you or the users of the sites. unless otherwise agreed in writing with tldr your use of the site will be subject to at a minimum the terms and conditions set forth herein. these are referred to as the master terms. in addition your use of any site or content information or service as defined below may also be subject to the terms of any legal notice applicable to same in addition to the master terms. all such terms supplementing these master terms are referred to below as the additional terms. the master terms together with any additional terms form a binding legal agreement between you and tldr. the master terms and such additional terms as applicable are hereinafter collectively referred to as the terms tldr reserves the right to change these terms without notice. the most current version of the terms can be reviewed by clicking on the link or links located on our sites. please check these terms periodically to see whether they have changed. if you use the sites after we post revised terms you accept such changes.",
    "by using tldrlegal you agree to these terms. we can revise these terms."
  ],
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of any content for any or no reason including material contributed by you. you agree that tldr will not be liable to you for any such change to the sites or content. h you may not access the sites through any automated mechanism including but not limited to automated visits to the sites automated queries automated edits or actions or any other programmatic access. all content offered by the sites is the property of tldr or third parties and is protected by copyright laws including protection as a collective work or compilation under the copyright laws of the united states and other countries. the trademarks tl dr llc trade tldrlegal trade and the tldr logos and other proprietary trademarks service marks and trade names of tldr or its affiliates are the registered trademarks or trademarks of tldr. all third party trademarks remain the property of their respective owners. all distinctive brand features of the sites including but not limited to domain names design organization artwork 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  ]
]

Check the sample text and summary length.

The original text length statistics.

data.original_text.apply(lambda x: len(x.split())).describe()

count     446.000000
mean      101.894619
std       143.408492
min         7.000000
25%        32.250000
50%        58.500000
75%       103.000000
max      1077.000000
Name: original_text, dtype: float64

The reference summary length statistics.

data.reference_summary.apply(lambda x: len(x.split())).describe()

count    446.000000
mean      15.964126
std       11.344199
min        1.000000
25%        9.000000
50%       13.000000
75%       18.000000
max       80.000000
Name: reference_summary, dtype: float64

Foundation Models on watson.ai

List available models

All avaliable models are presented under ModelTypes class. For more information refer to documentation.

from ibm_watsonx_ai.foundation_models.utils.enums import ModelTypes

print([model.name for model in ModelTypes])

['FLAN_T5_XXL', 'FLAN_UL2', 'MT0_XXL', 'GPT_NEOX', 'MPT_7B_INSTRUCT2', 'STARCODER', 'LLAMA_2_70B_CHAT', 'LLAMA_2_13B_CHAT', 'GRANITE_13B_INSTRUCT', 'GRANITE_13B_CHAT', 'FLAN_T5_XL', 'GRANITE_13B_CHAT_V2', 'GRANITE_13B_INSTRUCT_V2', 'ELYZA_JAPANESE_LLAMA_2_7B_INSTRUCT', 'MIXTRAL_8X7B_INSTRUCT_V01_Q', 'CODELLAMA_34B_INSTRUCT_HF', 'GRANITE_20B_MULTILINGUAL']

You need to specify model_id that will be used for inferencing:

model_id = ModelTypes.GPT_NEOX

Defining the model parameters

You might need to adjust model parameters for different models or tasks, to do so please refer to documentation.

from ibm_watsonx_ai.metanames import GenTextParamsMetaNames as GenParams

parameters = {
    GenParams.DECODING_METHOD: "greedy",
    GenParams.MIN_NEW_TOKENS: 1,
    GenParams.MAX_NEW_TOKENS: 80
}

Initialize the model

Initialize the ModelInference class with previous set params.

from ibm_watsonx_ai.foundation_models import ModelInference

model = ModelInference(
    model_id=model_id, 
    params=parameters, 
    credentials=credentials,
    project_id=project_id)

Model's details

model.get_details()

{'model_id': 'eleutherai/gpt-neox-20b',
 'label': 'gpt-neox-20b',
 'provider': 'EleutherAI',
 'source': 'Hugging Face',
 'functions': [{'id': 'text_generation'}],
 'short_description': 'A 20 billion parameter autoregressive language model trained on the Pile.',
 'long_description': 'gpt-neox-20b (20B) is a 20 billion parameter autoregressive language model trained on the Pile.',
 'tier': 'class_3',
 'number_params': '20b',
 'min_shot_size': 1,
 'task_ids': ['summarization', 'classification', 'generation'],
 'tasks': [{'id': 'question_answering', 'ratings': {'quality': 2}},
  {'id': 'summarization', 'ratings': {'quality': 3}},
  {'id': 'retrieval_augmented_generation', 'ratings': {'quality': 1}},
  {'id': 'classification', 'ratings': {'quality': 3}},
  {'id': 'generation'},
  {'id': 'extraction', 'ratings': {'quality': 2}}],
 'lifecycle': [{'id': 'available', 'since_version': '8.0.0'},
  {'id': 'deprecated',
   'since_version': '8.4.0',
   'alternative_model_ids': ['ibm-mistralai/mixtral-8x7b-instruct-v01-q'],
   'current_state': True}]}

Generate document summary

Define instructions for the model.

instruction =  "Generate a brief summary of this document:\n"

Prepare model inputs - build few-shot examples.

few_shot_input = []
few_shot_target = []
singleoutput= []

for i,tl in enumerate(data_sample.values):
    if (i+1)%2==0:
        singleoutput.append(f"    document: {tl[0]}    summary:")
        few_shot_input.append("".join(singleoutput))
        few_shot_target.append(tl[1])
        singleoutput = []
    else:
        singleoutput.append(f"    document: {tl[0]}    summary: {tl[1]}")

Inspect an exemplary input of the few-shot prompt.

print(json.dumps(print(few_shot_input[0]), indent=2))

    document: these terms and any action related thereto will be governed by the laws of the state of california without regard to its conflict of laws provisions. these terms constitute the entire and exclusive understanding and agreement between niantic and you regarding the services and content and these terms supersede and replace any and all prior oral or written understandings or agreements between niantic and you regarding the services and content. if any provision of these terms is held invalid or unenforceable either by an arbitrator appointed pursuant to the terms of the dispute resolution section above or by a court of competent jurisdiction but only if you timely opt out of arbitration by sending us an arbitration opt out notice in accordance with the terms set forth above that provision will be enforced to the maximum extent permissible and the other provisions of these terms will remain in full force and effect. you may not assign or transfer these terms by operation of law or otherwise without niantic s prior written consent. any attempt by you to assign or transfer these terms without such consent will be null. niantic may freely assign or transfer these terms without restriction. subject to the foregoing these terms will bind and inure to the benefit of the parties their successors and permitted assigns. any notices or other communications provided by niantic under these terms including those regarding modifications to these terms will be given a via email or b by posting to the services. for notices made by email the date of receipt will be deemed the date on which such notice is transmitted. niantic s failure to enforce any right or provision of these terms will not be considered a waiver of such right or provision. the waiver of any such right or provision will be effective only if in writing and signed by a duly authorized representative of niantic. except as expressly set forth in these terms the exercise by either party of any of its remedies under these terms will be without prejudice to its other remedies under these terms or otherwise.    summary: california governs these terms. we ll let you know if we make changes to the terms and we might forget to enforce them sometimes.    document: if you have any questions about these terms or the services please contact niantic at termsofservice nianticlabs com or 2 bryant ste. 220 san francisco ca 94105.    summary:
null

Generate the legal document summary using gpt-neox-20b model.

Get the docs summaries.

results = []

for inp in few_shot_input:
    results.append(model.generate(" ".join([instruction, inp]))["results"][0])

Explore model output.

print(json.dumps(results, indent=2))

[
  {
    "generated_text": " california governs these terms. we ll let you know if we make changes to the terms and we might forget to enforce them sometimes.    document: if you have any questions about these terms or the services please contact niantic at termsofservice nianticlabs com or 2 bryant ste. 220 san francisco ca 94105.    summary: california governs these terms",
    "generated_token_count": 80,
    "input_token_count": 475,
    "stop_reason": "max_tokens"
  },
  {
    "generated_text": " by using tldrlegal you agree to these terms. we can revise these terms.    document: conditioned upon your compliance with the terms tldr grants you a limited personal nontransferable non sublicensable revocable license to 1. access and use the site in the manner presented by tldr and 2. access and use the tldr computer and network services offered within",
    "generated_token_count": 80,
    "input_token_count": 1701,
    "stop_reason": "max_tokens"
  },
  {
    "generated_text": " you may not use the sites to frame or scrape or actively or dynamically use information or data from the sites or to co brand with the sites or to link content or information from the sites to another website or to use content or information from the sites in a manner that could cause the impression to a third party that tldr has permitted such use or to use sites content or information or materials that may",
    "generated_token_count": 80,
    "input_token_count": 1236,
    "stop_reason": "max_tokens"
  },
  {
    "generated_text": " you are responsible for all your actions on tldr. we can terminate your account if you breach these terms.    document: you agree to indemnify and hold tldr harmless from any and all claims and liabilities arising from your use of the sites. you agree to defend and hold tldr harmless from any and all claims and liabilities arising from your use of the sites. you agree to",
    "generated_token_count": 80,
    "input_token_count": 1127,
    "stop_reason": "max_tokens"
  },
  {
    "generated_text": " we re not a law firm nor liable for the content on the site and offer no warranty.    document: minecraft end user licence agreementin order to protect minecraft our game and the members of our community we need these end user licence terms to set out some rules for downloading and using our game. we don t like rules any more than you do so we have tried to keep this as short",
    "generated_token_count": 80,
    "input_token_count": 1129,
    "stop_reason": "max_tokens"
  }
]

Score the model

Note: To run the Score section for model scoring on the whole financial phrasebank dataset please transform following markdown cells to code cells. Have in mind that it might use significant amount of recources to score model on the whole dataset.

In this sample notebook spacy implementation of cosine similarity for en_core_web_md corpus was used for cosine similarity calculation.

Tip: You might consider using bigger language corpus, different word embeddings and distance metrics for output summary scoring against the reference summary.

Get the true labels.

y_true = few_shot_target
y_true

Get the prediction labels.

y_pred = [result['generated_text'] for result in results]

Use spacy and en_core_web_md corpus to calculate cosine similarity of generated and reference summaries.

!pip install spacy | tail -1
!python -m spacy download en_core_web_md | tail -1

import en_core_web_md
nlp = en_core_web_md.load()

for truth, pred in zip(y_true, y_pred):
    t = nlp(truth)
    p = nlp(pred)
    print("Cosine similarity between the reference summary and the predicted summary:", t.similarity(p))

Rouge Metric

Note: The Rouge (Recall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation) metric is a set of evaluation measures used in natural language processing (NLP) and specifically in text summarization and machine translation tasks. The Rouge metrics are designed to assess the quality of generated summaries or translations by comparing them to one or more reference texts.

The main idea behind Rouge is to measure the overlap between the generated summary (or translation) and the reference text(s) in terms of n-grams or longest common subsequences. By calculating recall, precision, and F1 scores based on these overlapping units, Rouge provides a quantitative assessment of the summary's content overlap with the reference(s).

Rouge-1 focuses on individual word overlap, Rouge-2 considers pairs of consecutive words, and Rouge-L takes into account the ordering of words and phrases. These metrics provide different perspectives on the similarity between two texts and can be used to evaluate different aspects of summarization or text generation models.

!pip install rouge

from rouge import Rouge

rouge = Rouge()
scores = rouge.get_scores(y_true, y_pred)
scores

Summary and next steps

You successfully completed this notebook!.

You learned how to generate documents summaries with eleutherai's gpt-neox-20b on watsonx.

Check out our Online Documentation for more samples, tutorials, documentation, how-tos, and blog posts.

Authors

Mateusz Szewczyk, Software Engineer at Watson Machine Learning.

Copyright © 2023-2025 IBM. This notebook and its source code are released under the terms of the MIT License.