text_classification_with_transformer.py

"""
Title: Text classification with Transformer
Author: [Apoorv Nandan](https://twitter.com/NandanApoorv)
Date created: 2020/05/10
Last modified: 2024/01/18
Description: Implement a Transformer block as a Keras layer and use it for text classification.
Accelerator: GPU
Converted to Keras 3 by: [Sitam Meur](https://github.com/sitamgithub-MSIT)
"""

"""
## Setup
"""

import keras
from keras import ops
from keras import layers

"""
## Implement a Transformer block as a layer
"""


class TransformerBlock(layers.Layer):
    def __init__(self, embed_dim, num_heads, ff_dim, rate=0.1):
        super().__init__()
        self.att = layers.MultiHeadAttention(num_heads=num_heads, key_dim=embed_dim)
        self.ffn = keras.Sequential(
            [
                layers.Dense(ff_dim, activation="relu"),
                layers.Dense(embed_dim),
            ]
        )
        self.layernorm1 = layers.LayerNormalization(epsilon=1e-6)
        self.layernorm2 = layers.LayerNormalization(epsilon=1e-6)
        self.dropout1 = layers.Dropout(rate)
        self.dropout2 = layers.Dropout(rate)

    def call(self, inputs):
        attn_output = self.att(inputs, inputs)
        attn_output = self.dropout1(attn_output)
        out1 = self.layernorm1(inputs + attn_output)
        ffn_output = self.ffn(out1)
        ffn_output = self.dropout2(ffn_output)
        return self.layernorm2(out1 + ffn_output)


"""
## Implement embedding layer

Two separate embedding layers, one for tokens, one for token index (positions).
"""


class TokenAndPositionEmbedding(layers.Layer):
    def __init__(self, maxlen, vocab_size, embed_dim):
        super().__init__()
        self.token_emb = layers.Embedding(input_dim=vocab_size, output_dim=embed_dim)
        self.pos_emb = layers.Embedding(input_dim=maxlen, output_dim=embed_dim)

    def call(self, x):
        maxlen = ops.shape(x)[-1]
        positions = ops.arange(start=0, stop=maxlen, step=1)
        positions = self.pos_emb(positions)
        x = self.token_emb(x)
        return x + positions


"""
## Download and prepare dataset
"""

vocab_size = 20000  # Only consider the top 20k words
maxlen = 200  # Only consider the first 200 words of each movie review
(x_train, y_train), (x_val, y_val) = keras.datasets.imdb.load_data(num_words=vocab_size)
print(len(x_train), "Training sequences")
print(len(x_val), "Validation sequences")
x_train = keras.utils.pad_sequences(x_train, maxlen=maxlen)
x_val = keras.utils.pad_sequences(x_val, maxlen=maxlen)

"""
## Create classifier model using transformer layer

Transformer layer outputs one vector for each time step of our input sequence.
Here, we take the mean across all time steps and
use a feed forward network on top of it to classify text.
"""


embed_dim = 32  # Embedding size for each token
num_heads = 2  # Number of attention heads
ff_dim = 32  # Hidden layer size in feed forward network inside transformer

inputs = layers.Input(shape=(maxlen,))
embedding_layer = TokenAndPositionEmbedding(maxlen, vocab_size, embed_dim)
x = embedding_layer(inputs)
transformer_block = TransformerBlock(embed_dim, num_heads, ff_dim)
x = transformer_block(x)
x = layers.GlobalAveragePooling1D()(x)
x = layers.Dropout(0.1)(x)
x = layers.Dense(20, activation="relu")(x)
x = layers.Dropout(0.1)(x)
outputs = layers.Dense(2, activation="softmax")(x)

model = keras.Model(inputs=inputs, outputs=outputs)


"""
## Train and Evaluate
"""

model.compile(
    optimizer="adam", loss="sparse_categorical_crossentropy", metrics=["accuracy"]
)
history = model.fit(
    x_train, y_train, batch_size=32, epochs=2, validation_data=(x_val, y_val)
)

"""
## Relevant Chapters from Deep Learning with Python
- [Chapter 14: Text classification](https://deeplearningwithpython.io/chapters/chapter14_text-classification)
- [Chapter 15: Language models and the Transformer](https://deeplearningwithpython.io/chapters/chapter15_language-models-and-the-transformer)
"""