forks.c

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <wait.h>
#include <signal.h>

void fork1()
{

    int x = 1;
    pid_t pid = fork();
    if (pid == 0) {
	printf("Child has x = %d\n", ++x);
    } else {
	printf("Parent has x = %d\n", --x);
    }
    printf("Bye from process %d with x = %d\n", getpid(), x);
}

void fork2()
{
    printf("L0\n");
    fork();
    printf("L1\n");
    fork();
    printf("Bye\n");
}

void fork3()
{
    printf("L0\n");
    fork();
    printf("L1\n");
    fork();
    printf("L2\n");
    fork();
    printf("Bye\n");
}

void fork4()
{
    printf("L0\n");
    if (fork() != 0) {
	printf("L1\n");
	if (fork() != 0) {
	    printf("L2\n");
	    fork();
	}
    }
    printf("Bye\n");
}

void fork5()
{
    printf("L0\n");
    if (fork() == 0) {
	printf("L1\n");
	if (fork() == 0) {
	    printf("L2\n");
	    fork();
	}
    }
    printf("Bye\n");
}

void cleanup(void) {
    printf("Cleaning up\n");
}

void fork6()
{
    atexit(cleanup);
    fork();
    exit(0);
}

/* Demonstration of zombies.
   Run in background and then perform ps */
void fork7()
{
    if (fork() == 0) {
	/* Child */
	printf("Terminating Child, PID = %d\n", getpid());
	exit(0);
    } else {
	printf("Running Parent, PID = %d\n", getpid());
	while (1)
	    ; /* Infinite loop */
    }
}

/* Demonstration of nonterminating child.  Must kill */
void fork8()
{
    if (fork() == 0) {
	/* Child */
	printf("Running Child, PID = %d\n",
	       getpid());
	while (1)
	    ; /* Infinite loop */
    } else {
	printf("Terminating Parent, PID = %d\n",
	       getpid());
	exit(0);
    }
}

void fork9()
{
    int child_status;

    if (fork() == 0) {
	printf("HC: hello from child\n");
    } else {
	printf("HP: hello from parent\n");
	wait(&child_status);
	printf("CT: child has terminated\n");
    }
    printf("Bye\n");
}

#define N 5
void fork10()
{
    pid_t pid[N];
    int i;
    int child_status;
    for (i = 0; i < N; i++)
	if ((pid[i] = fork()) == 0)
	    exit(100+i); /* Child */
    for (i = 0; i < N; i++) {
	pid_t wpid = wait(&child_status);
	if (WIFEXITED(child_status))
	    printf("Child %d terminated with exit status %d\n",
		   wpid, WEXITSTATUS(child_status));
	else
	    printf("Child %d terminate abnormally\n", wpid);
    }
}

void fork11()
{
    pid_t pid[N];
    int i;
    int child_status;
    for (i = 0; i < N; i++)
	if ((pid[i] = fork()) == 0)
	    exit(100+i); /* Child */
    for (i = 0; i < N; i++) {
	pid_t wpid = waitpid(pid[i], &child_status, 0);
	if (WIFEXITED(child_status))
	    printf("Child %d terminated with exit status %d\n",
		   wpid, WEXITSTATUS(child_status));
	else
	    printf("Child %d terminate abnormally\n", wpid);
    }
}

void fork12()
{
    pid_t pid[N];
    int i;
    int child_status;
    for (i = 0; i < N; i++)
	if ((pid[i] = fork()) == 0) {
	    /* Child: Infinite Loop */
	    while(1)
		;
	}
    for (i = 0; i < N; i++) {
	printf("Killing process %d\n", pid[i]);
	kill(pid[i], SIGINT);
    }
    for (i = 0; i < N; i++) {
	pid_t wpid = wait(&child_status);
	if (WIFEXITED(child_status))
	    printf("Child %d terminated with exit status %d\n",
		   wpid, WEXITSTATUS(child_status));
	else
	    printf("Child %d terminated abnormally\n", wpid);
    }
}

void int_handler(int sig)
{
    printf("Process %d received signal %d\n", getpid(), sig);
    exit(0);
}

void fork13()
{
    pid_t pid[N];
    int i;
    int child_status;
    signal(SIGINT, int_handler);
    for (i = 0; i < N; i++)
	if ((pid[i] = fork()) == 0) {
	    /* Child: Infinite Loop */
	    while(1)
		;
	}
    for (i = 0; i < N; i++) {
	printf("Killing process %d\n", pid[i]);
	kill(pid[i], SIGINT);
    }
    for (i = 0; i < N; i++) {
	pid_t wpid = wait(&child_status);
	if (WIFEXITED(child_status))
	    printf("Child %d terminated with exit status %d\n",
		   wpid, WEXITSTATUS(child_status));
	else
	    printf("Child %d terminated abnormally\n", wpid);
    }
}

int ccount = 0;
void child_handler(int sig)
{
    int child_status;
    pid_t pid = wait(&child_status);
    ccount--;
    printf("Received signal %d from process %d\n", sig, pid);
}

void fork14()
{
    pid_t pid[N];
    int i;
    int child_status;
    ccount = N;
    signal(SIGCHLD, child_handler);
    for (i = 0; i < N; i++)
	if ((pid[i] = fork()) == 0) {
	    /* Child: Exit */
	    exit(0);
	}
    while (ccount > 0)
	pause();
}

void child_handler2(int sig)
{
    int child_status;
    pid_t pid;
    while ((pid = wait(&child_status)) > 0) {
	ccount--;
	printf("Received signal %d from process %d\n", sig, pid);
    }
}

void fork15()
{
    pid_t pid[N];
    int i;
    int child_status;
    ccount = N;

    signal(SIGCHLD, child_handler2);
    for (i = 0; i < N; i++)
	if ((pid[i] = fork()) == 0) {
	    /* Child: Exit */
	    exit(0);
	}
    while (ccount > 0) {
	pause();
    }
}


int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int option = 0;
    if (argc > 1)
	option = atoi(argv[1]);
    switch(option) {
    case 1: fork1();
	break;
    case 2: fork2();
	break;
    case 3: fork3();
	break;
    case 4: fork4();
	break;
    case 5: fork5();
	break;
    case 6: fork6();
	break;
    case 7: fork7();
	break;
    case 8: fork8();
	break;
    case 9: fork9();
	break;
    case 10: fork10();
	break;
    case 11: fork11();
	break;
    case 12: fork12();
	break;
    case 13: fork13();
	break;
    case 14: fork14();
	break;
    case 15: fork15();
	break;
    default:
	printf("Unknown option %d\n", option);
	break;
    }
    return 0;
}