\begin{table}[]
\caption{Economic Growth and Civil Conflict}
{
\def\sym#1{\ifmmode^{#1}\else\(^{#1}\)\fi}
\begin{tabular}{@{\extracolsep{2pt}}l*{6}{c}@{}}
\hline\hline
& \multicolumn{5}{c}{Dependent Variable: Civil Conflict 25 Deaths} \\
\cline{2-6}
& OLS & OLS & OLS & IV-2SLS & IV-2SLS & IV-2SLS \\
\hline
Economic growth rate, t & -0.333 & -0.208 & -0.211 & -0.412 & -1.132 & -1.480\sym{*} \\
& (0.263) & (0.198) & (0.161) & (1.479) & (1.403) & (0.824) \\
Economic growth rate, t-1 & -0.085 & 0.009 & 0.067 & -2.249\sym{**} & -2.546\sym{**} & -0.769 \\
& (0.241) & (0.196) & (0.164) & (1.074) & (1.102) & (0.699) \\
Log(GDP per capita), 1979 & -0.041 & 0.085 & & 0.053 & & \\
& (0.050) & (0.084) & & (0.098) & & \\
Democracy (Polity IV), t-1 & 0.001 & 0.003 & & 0.004 & & \\
& (0.005) & (0.006) & & (0.006) & & \\
Ethnolinguistic fractionalization & 0.230 & 0.514 & & 0.510 & & \\
& (0.271) & (0.402) & & (0.394) & & \\
Religious fractionalization & -0.238 & 0.099 & & 0.222 & & \\
& (0.242) & (0.415) & & (0.444) & & \\
Oil-exporting country & 0.045 & -0.158 & & -0.104 & & \\
& (0.212) & (0.204) & & (0.218) & & \\
Log(mountainous) & 0.076\sym{*} & 0.057 & & 0.060 & & \\
& (0.039) & (0.060) & & (0.058) & & \\
Log(national population), t-1 & 0.068 & 0.182\sym{**} & & 0.159\sym{*} & & \\
& (0.051) & (0.086) & & (0.093) & & \\
Country fixed effects & no & no & yes & no & yes & yes \\
Country-specific time trends & no & yes & yes & yes & yes & yes \\
Root mean square error & 0.41 & 0.3 & 0.24 & 0.34 & 0.3 & 0.23 \\
\hline
Observarions & 743 & 743 & 743 & 743 & 743 & 743 \\
R\sym{2} & 0.126 & 0.530 & 0.707 & 0.401 & 0.535 & 0.623 \\
\hline\hline
\multicolumn{7}{l}{\footnotesize Note.�Huber robust standard errors are in parentheses.}\vspace{-.25em} \\
\multicolumn{7}{l}{\footnotesize Regression disturbance terms are clustered at the country level.}\vspace{-.25em} \\
\multicolumn{7}{l}{\footnotesize A country-specific year time trend is included in all specifications (coefficient estimates not reported).}\vspace{-.25em} \\
\multicolumn{7}{l}{\footnotesize * Significantly different from zero at 90 percent confidence.}\vspace{-.25em} \\
\multicolumn{7}{l}{\footnotesize ** Significantly different from zero at 95 percent confidence.}\vspace{-.25em} \\
\multicolumn{7}{l}{\footnotesize *** Significantly different from zero at 99 percent confidence.}
\end{tabular}
}
\end{table}
