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GitHub Repository: sagemathinc/cocalc
 Path: blob/master/src/packages/next/pages/features/linux.tsx
Views: 687
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/*

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 *  This file is part of CoCalc: Copyright © 2021 Sagemath, Inc.

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 *  License: MS-RSL – see LICENSE.md for details

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 */

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import { Layout } from "antd";

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import { Icon } from "@cocalc/frontend/components/icon";

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import Code from "components/landing/code";

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import Content from "components/landing/content";

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import Footer from "components/landing/footer";

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import Head from "components/landing/head";

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import Header from "components/landing/header";

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import Info from "components/landing/info";

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import Pitch from "components/landing/pitch";

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import SignIn from "components/landing/sign-in";

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import Snapshots from "components/landing/snapshots";

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import A from "components/misc/A";

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import { Customize } from "lib/customize";

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import withCustomize from "lib/with-customize";

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import { Paragraph, Title } from "components/misc";

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import jupyterBash from "public/features/cocalc-jupyter-bash.png";

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import shellScript from "public/features/cocalc-shell-script-run.png";

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import terminalCollab from "public/features/cocalc-terminal-collab.gif";

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import logo from "public/features/linux-logo.svg";

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import postgres from "public/features/terminal-jupyter-postgresql.png";

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export default function Linux({ customize }) {

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  return (

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    <Customize value={customize}>

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      <Head title="Online Linux Environment" />

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      <Layout>

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        <Header page="features" subPage="linux"  runnableTag="term" />

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        <Layout.Content>

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          <Content

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            landing

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            startup={"Linux"}

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            body={logo}

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            title={"Online Linux Environment"}

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            subtitle={

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              "Learn Linux and Bash Scripting without messing up your own computer."

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            }

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            subtitleBelow={true}

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            image={shellScript}

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            alt={"Running a bash script to count in Linux"}

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          />

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          <FullLinuxTerminal />

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          <SignIn startup="Linux" />

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          <Info

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            title="Realtime collaboration"

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            icon="users"

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            image={terminalCollab}

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            anchor="a-real-time"

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            alt="Video showing using vim collaboratively with chat"

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          >

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            <Paragraph>

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              Terminals in CoCalc are represented by files with the extension{" "}

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              <code>.term</code>. The same terminal can be opened by two or more

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              people simultaneous. Both see the same view, which adaptively

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              resizes to a common size.

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            </Paragraph>

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            <Paragraph>

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              Additionally, you can open a{" "}

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              <A href="https://doc.cocalc.com/chat.html">chat</A> panel to

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              exchange thoughts and ideas.

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            </Paragraph>

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            <Paragraph>

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              This is ideal for getting advice from a colleague or{" "}

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              <A href="https://doc.cocalc.com/teaching-interactions.html">

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                helping one of your students

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              </A>

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              .

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            </Paragraph>

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          </Info>

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          <Info.Heading

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            description={

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              <>

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                The following are some additional specific features of Linux

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                Terminals in CoCalc.

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                <br />

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                There is also more{" "}

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                <A href="https://doc.cocalc.com/terminal.html">

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                  comprehensive documentation

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                </A>

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                .

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              </>

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            }

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          >

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            Feature Overview

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          </Info.Heading>

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          <Info

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            title={

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              <>

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                Run{" "}

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                <A href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bash_(Unix_shell)">

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                  Bash

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                </A>{" "}

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                scripts

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              </>

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            }

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            icon="terminal"

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            image={shellScript}

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            caption={

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              <>

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                Bash <Code>script.sh</Code> file (left),{" "}

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                <Code>bash -f script.sh</Code> to run (right)

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              </>

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            }

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            anchor="a-shell-script"

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            alt="Running a bash script to count in Linux"

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          >

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            <Paragraph>

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              CoCalc's{" "}

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              <A href="https://doc.cocalc.com/frame-editor.html">code editor</A>{" "}

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              supports{" "}

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              <strong>

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                editing a{" "}

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                <A href="https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/">bash script</A>{" "}

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                side-by-side with a{" "}

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                <A href="https://doc.cocalc.com/terminal.html">terminal</A>

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              </strong>

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              .

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            </Paragraph>

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            <Paragraph>

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              To get started, create a script file ending with <Code>.sh</Code>,

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              for example <Code>script.sh</Code>. Opening that file presents you

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              an editor with <strong>syntax highlighting</strong>. Then click

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              the <Code>Shell</Code> button to open up a Terminal and type in{" "}

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              <Code>{"bash -f script.sh"}</Code> to run your script.

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            </Paragraph>

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            <Paragraph>

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              This helps you learning Bash by exploring its commands directly in

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              your browser and immediately experiencing the results.

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            </Paragraph>

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          </Info>

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          <Info

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            title="Jupyter Bash kernel"

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            image={jupyterBash}

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            icon="ipynb"

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            anchor="a-jupyter"

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            alt="Using Bash via a Jupyter notebook"

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          >

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            <Paragraph>

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              Are you looking for something beyond a terminal or editing shell

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              scripts? CoCalc also offers{" "}

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              <strong>

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                <A href="/features/jupyter-notebook">Jupyter Notebooks</A>{" "}

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                running the{" "}

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                <A href="https://github.com/takluyver/bash_kernel">

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                  bash kernel

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                </A>

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              </strong>

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              .

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            </Paragraph>

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            <Paragraph>

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              This is similar to working with a terminal, but it saves all the

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              input you typed and the corresponding output in "cells". That

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              helps you with learning Linux commands, because it makes it easier

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              to edit the code input or compare different outcomes of similar

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              code. Besides that, you can also take notes between code cells.

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            </Paragraph>

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          </Info>

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          <Snapshots>

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            <Paragraph>

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              The CoCalc terminal is ideal for{" "}

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              <strong>teaching and learning Linux</strong>, because when you

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              make a mistake, it has your back!

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            </Paragraph>

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            <Paragraph>

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              Everything runs remotely on CoCalc's servers. This means you do

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              not have to worry about messing up your own computer, dealing with

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              setup and installation issues yourself, or fear losing or

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              corrupting files on your computer.

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            </Paragraph>

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          </Snapshots>

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          <Info

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            title="Databases (PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQLite)"

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            image={postgres}

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            icon="database"

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            anchor="a-database"

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            wide

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            alt="Using a PostgreSQL database via a terminal and a Jupyter notebook"

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          >

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            <Paragraph>

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              <strong>

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                CoCalc supports running various databases inside a project.

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              </strong>{" "}

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              They run in the same protected networking environment as all other

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              processes in a project. This is ideal for{" "}

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              <strong>learning SQL</strong> or{" "}

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              <strong>persistently storing data</strong> as a result of your

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              computations.

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            </Paragraph>

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            <Paragraph>

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              <strong>PostgreSQL</strong>: read{" "}

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              <A href="https://doc.cocalc.com/howto/postgresql.html">

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                our guide

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              </A>{" "}

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              to get started.

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            </Paragraph>

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            <Paragraph>

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              Besides{" "}

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              <A href="https://https://www.postgresql.org/">PostgreSQL</A>,

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              CoCalc also supports <A href="https://www.mysql.com/">MySQL</A>{" "}

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              and <A href="https://sqlite.org">SQLite</A>.

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            </Paragraph>

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            <Paragraph>

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              To interact with the databases, CoCalc{" "}

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              <strong>pre-installs suitable Python and R libraries</strong> for

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              your convenience.

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            </Paragraph>

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            <Paragraph>

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              In the screenshot, you can see how a PostgreSQL database was setup

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              and started in the first terminal. In the second terminal,{" "}

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              <Code>psql</Code> is used to connect to it and create a table and

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              insert data. Finally, the{" "}

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              <A href="/features/jupyter-notebook">Jupyter Notebook</A> on the

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              left connects via the{" "}

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              <A href="http://initd.org/psycopg/docs/">psycopg2</A> library and

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              issues a query to the database!

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            </Paragraph>

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          </Info>

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          <SignIn startup="Linux" />

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        </Layout.Content>

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        <Footer />

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      </Layout>

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    </Customize>

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  );

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}

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export async function getServerSideProps(context) {

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  return await withCustomize({ context });

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}

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export function FullLinuxTerminal() {

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  return (

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    <>

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      <Pitch

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        col1={

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          <>

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            <Title level={2}>Full Linux Terminal</Title>

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            <Paragraph>

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              <strong>

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                CoCalc offers a full, collaborative, real-time synchronized{" "}

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                <A href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux">Linux</A>{" "}

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                <A href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command-line_interface">

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                  Command Line Terminal

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                </A>{" "}

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                in your browser.

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              </strong>

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            </Paragraph>

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            <Paragraph>

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              Take a look at our{" "}

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              <strong>

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                <A href="https://doc.cocalc.com/terminal.html">

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                  terminal documentation

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                </A>

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              </strong>{" "}

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              to learn more about it!

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            </Paragraph>

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            <Paragraph>

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              Browse the{" "}

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              <strong>

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                <A href="/software/executables">installed software</A>

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              </strong>{" "}

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              in CoCalc.

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            </Paragraph>

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            <Paragraph>

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              CoCalc is made for{" "}

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              <strong>

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                <A href="/features/teaching">teaching a course</A>

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              </strong>

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              : students just have to sign in to get started!{" "}

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            </Paragraph>

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          </>

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        }

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        col2={

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          <>

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            <Title level={2}>Benefits of working 100% online</Title>

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            <Paragraph>

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              <ul>

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                <li>

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                  You no longer have to <strong>install and maintain</strong>{" "}

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                  any software.

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                </li>

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                <li>

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                  It is possible for multiple people to{" "}

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                  <strong>

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                    collaboratively use the same terminal in realtime

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                  </strong>

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                  .

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                </li>

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                <li>You can also edit and run shell script files.</li>

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                <li>

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                  Use{" "}

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                  <strong>

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                    <A href="https://doc.cocalc.com/chat.html">chat</A>

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                  </strong>{" "}

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                  next to the Terminal to discuss your commands with others.

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                </li>

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                <li>

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                  <strong>Automatic backup</strong> keeps your files safe!

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                </li>

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                <li>

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                  You can <strong>copy and paste</strong> between your local

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                  desktop and the online terminal.

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                </li>

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              </ul>

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            </Paragraph>

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          </>

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        }

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      />

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      <Pitch

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        ext="sh"

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        col1={

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          <>

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            <Title level={2}>

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              <Icon name="user-check" /> What you <strong>can</strong> do ...

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            </Title>

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            <Paragraph>

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              <ul>

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                <li>Learn Bash scripting</li>

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                <li>Learn how to use the Linux command line</li>

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                <li>

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                  Run scripts written in{" "}

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                  <strong>Python, R, PHP, Ruby, Go, Perl, Nodejs </strong> etc.

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                </li>

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                <li>

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                  Compile programs written in{" "}

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                  <strong>

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                    C/C++, Java, Rust, Assembly, Fortran, Julia, Zig, Haskell,

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                  </strong>{" "}

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                  etc.

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                </li>

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                <li>Process and store datafiles</li>

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                <li>Collaborate</li>

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                <li>Use graphical X11 applications</li>

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              </ul>

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            </Paragraph>

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          </>

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        }

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        col2={

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          <>

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            <Title level={2}>

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              <Icon name="user-slash" /> ... what you <strong>cannot</strong>{" "}

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              do.

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            </Title>

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            <Paragraph>

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              <ul>

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                <li>

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                  <strong>

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                    <code>Root</code>

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                  </strong>

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                  : due to how CoCalc works, you cannot have root rights.

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                  However, there is a wealth of software{" "}

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                  <A href="/software">already installed</A>, including both

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                  system utilities and packages for specific language

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                  environments. Regarding Python, R, Nodejs, and Julia

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                  environments, you can{" "}

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                  <A href="https://doc.cocalc.com/howto/index.html">

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                    install additional packages in your project

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                  </A>

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                  . If something is missing,{" "}

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                  <A href="mailto:[email protected]">please tell us</A>.

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                </li>

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                <li>

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                  <strong>

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                    Communicate with the Internet without buying a license

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                  </strong>

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                  : if you want to run code to download data from another server

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                  or checkout a Git repository – or just want to support CoCalc

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                  – you need a{" "}

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                  <A href="https://doc.cocalc.com/licenses.html">license</A>{" "}

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                  applied to your project. Learn more about the{" "}

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                  <A href="https://doc.cocalc.com/trial.html">Trial Projects</A>{" "}

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                  that you can use for free.

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                </li>

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                <li>

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                  <strong>Port forwards:</strong> you cannot forward arbitrary

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                  ports over ssh to your local computer. (You{" "}

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                  <strong>CAN</strong>{" "}

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                  <A href="https://doc.cocalc.com/project-settings.html#ssh-keys">

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                    ssh into your project

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                  </A>

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                  .)

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                </li>

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              </ul>

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            </Paragraph>

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          </>

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        }

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      />

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    </>

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  );

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}

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