spte.c

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
 * Kernel-based Virtual Machine driver for Linux
 *
 * Macros and functions to access KVM PTEs (also known as SPTEs)
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2006 Qumranet, Inc.
 * Copyright 2020 Red Hat, Inc. and/or its affiliates.
 */
#define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt

#include <linux/kvm_host.h>
#include "mmu.h"
#include "mmu_internal.h"
#include "x86.h"
#include "spte.h"

#include <asm/e820/api.h>
#include <asm/memtype.h>
#include <asm/vmx.h>

bool __read_mostly enable_mmio_caching = true;
static bool __ro_after_init allow_mmio_caching;
module_param_named(mmio_caching, enable_mmio_caching, bool, 0444);
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(enable_mmio_caching);

bool __read_mostly kvm_ad_enabled;

u64 __read_mostly shadow_host_writable_mask;
u64 __read_mostly shadow_mmu_writable_mask;
u64 __read_mostly shadow_nx_mask;
u64 __read_mostly shadow_x_mask; /* mutual exclusive with nx_mask */
u64 __read_mostly shadow_user_mask;
u64 __read_mostly shadow_accessed_mask;
u64 __read_mostly shadow_dirty_mask;
u64 __read_mostly shadow_mmio_value;
u64 __read_mostly shadow_mmio_mask;
u64 __read_mostly shadow_mmio_access_mask;
u64 __read_mostly shadow_present_mask;
u64 __read_mostly shadow_me_value;
u64 __read_mostly shadow_me_mask;
u64 __read_mostly shadow_acc_track_mask;

u64 __read_mostly shadow_nonpresent_or_rsvd_mask;
u64 __read_mostly shadow_nonpresent_or_rsvd_lower_gfn_mask;

static u8 __init kvm_get_host_maxphyaddr(void)
{
	/*
	 * boot_cpu_data.x86_phys_bits is reduced when MKTME or SME are detected
	 * in CPU detection code, but the processor treats those reduced bits as
	 * 'keyID' thus they are not reserved bits. Therefore KVM needs to look at
	 * the physical address bits reported by CPUID, i.e. the raw MAXPHYADDR,
	 * when reasoning about CPU behavior with respect to MAXPHYADDR.
	 */
	if (likely(boot_cpu_data.extended_cpuid_level >= 0x80000008))
		return cpuid_eax(0x80000008) & 0xff;

	/*
	 * Quite weird to have VMX or SVM but not MAXPHYADDR; probably a VM with
	 * custom CPUID.  Proceed with whatever the kernel found since these features
	 * aren't virtualizable (SME/SEV also require CPUIDs higher than 0x80000008).
	 */
	return boot_cpu_data.x86_phys_bits;
}

void __init kvm_mmu_spte_module_init(void)
{
	/*
	 * Snapshot userspace's desire to allow MMIO caching.  Whether or not
	 * KVM can actually enable MMIO caching depends on vendor-specific
	 * hardware capabilities and other module params that can't be resolved
	 * until the vendor module is loaded, i.e. enable_mmio_caching can and
	 * will change when the vendor module is (re)loaded.
	 */
	allow_mmio_caching = enable_mmio_caching;

	kvm_host.maxphyaddr = kvm_get_host_maxphyaddr();
}

static u64 generation_mmio_spte_mask(u64 gen)
{
	u64 mask;

	WARN_ON_ONCE(gen & ~MMIO_SPTE_GEN_MASK);

	mask = (gen << MMIO_SPTE_GEN_LOW_SHIFT) & MMIO_SPTE_GEN_LOW_MASK;
	mask |= (gen << MMIO_SPTE_GEN_HIGH_SHIFT) & MMIO_SPTE_GEN_HIGH_MASK;
	return mask;
}

u64 make_mmio_spte(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, u64 gfn, unsigned int access)
{
	u64 gen = kvm_vcpu_memslots(vcpu)->generation & MMIO_SPTE_GEN_MASK;
	u64 spte = generation_mmio_spte_mask(gen);
	u64 gpa = gfn << PAGE_SHIFT;

	access &= shadow_mmio_access_mask;
	spte |= vcpu->kvm->arch.shadow_mmio_value | access;
	spte |= gpa | shadow_nonpresent_or_rsvd_mask;
	spte |= (gpa & shadow_nonpresent_or_rsvd_mask)
		<< SHADOW_NONPRESENT_OR_RSVD_MASK_LEN;

	return spte;
}

static bool __kvm_is_mmio_pfn(kvm_pfn_t pfn)
{
	if (pfn_valid(pfn))
		return !is_zero_pfn(pfn) && PageReserved(pfn_to_page(pfn)) &&
			/*
			 * Some reserved pages, such as those from NVDIMM
			 * DAX devices, are not for MMIO, and can be mapped
			 * with cached memory type for better performance.
			 * However, the above check misconceives those pages
			 * as MMIO, and results in KVM mapping them with UC
			 * memory type, which would hurt the performance.
			 * Therefore, we check the host memory type in addition
			 * and only treat UC/UC-/WC pages as MMIO.
			 */
			(!pat_enabled() || pat_pfn_immune_to_uc_mtrr(pfn));

	return !e820__mapped_raw_any(pfn_to_hpa(pfn),
				     pfn_to_hpa(pfn + 1) - 1,
				     E820_TYPE_RAM);
}

static bool kvm_is_mmio_pfn(kvm_pfn_t pfn, int *is_host_mmio)
{
	/*
	 * Determining if a PFN is host MMIO is relative expensive.  Cache the
	 * result locally (in the sole caller) to avoid doing the full query
	 * multiple times when creating a single SPTE.
	 */
	if (*is_host_mmio < 0)
		*is_host_mmio = __kvm_is_mmio_pfn(pfn);

	return *is_host_mmio;
}

static void kvm_track_host_mmio_mapping(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
{
	struct kvm_mmu_page *root = root_to_sp(vcpu->arch.mmu->root.hpa);

	if (root)
		WRITE_ONCE(root->has_mapped_host_mmio, true);
	else
		WRITE_ONCE(vcpu->kvm->arch.has_mapped_host_mmio, true);

	/*
	 * Force vCPUs to exit and flush CPU buffers if the vCPU is using the
	 * affected root(s).
	 */
	kvm_make_all_cpus_request(vcpu->kvm, KVM_REQ_OUTSIDE_GUEST_MODE);
}

/*
 * Returns true if the SPTE needs to be updated atomically due to having bits
 * that may be changed without holding mmu_lock, and for which KVM must not
 * lose information.  E.g. KVM must not drop Dirty bit information.  The caller
 * is responsible for checking if the SPTE is shadow-present, and for
 * determining whether or not the caller cares about non-leaf SPTEs.
 */
bool spte_needs_atomic_update(u64 spte)
{
	/* SPTEs can be made Writable bit by KVM's fast page fault handler. */
	if (!is_writable_pte(spte) && is_mmu_writable_spte(spte))
		return true;

	/*
	 * A/D-disabled SPTEs can be access-tracked by aging, and access-tracked
	 * SPTEs can be restored by KVM's fast page fault handler.
	 */
	if (!spte_ad_enabled(spte))
		return true;

	/*
	 * Dirty and Accessed bits can be set by the CPU.  Ignore the Accessed
	 * bit, as KVM tolerates false negatives/positives, e.g. KVM doesn't
	 * invalidate TLBs when aging SPTEs, and so it's safe to clobber the
	 * Accessed bit (and rare in practice).
	 */
	return is_writable_pte(spte) && !(spte & shadow_dirty_mask);
}

bool make_spte(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct kvm_mmu_page *sp,
	       const struct kvm_memory_slot *slot,
	       unsigned int pte_access, gfn_t gfn, kvm_pfn_t pfn,
	       u64 old_spte, bool prefetch, bool synchronizing,
	       bool host_writable, u64 *new_spte)
{
	int level = sp->role.level;
	u64 spte = SPTE_MMU_PRESENT_MASK;
	int is_host_mmio = -1;
	bool wrprot = false;

	/*
	 * For the EPT case, shadow_present_mask has no RWX bits set if
	 * exec-only page table entries are supported.  In that case,
	 * ACC_USER_MASK and shadow_user_mask are used to represent
	 * read access.  See FNAME(gpte_access) in paging_tmpl.h.
	 */
	WARN_ON_ONCE((pte_access | shadow_present_mask) == SHADOW_NONPRESENT_VALUE);

	if (sp->role.ad_disabled)
		spte |= SPTE_TDP_AD_DISABLED;
	else if (kvm_mmu_page_ad_need_write_protect(vcpu->kvm, sp))
		spte |= SPTE_TDP_AD_WRPROT_ONLY;

	spte |= shadow_present_mask;
	if (!prefetch || synchronizing)
		spte |= shadow_accessed_mask;

	/*
	 * For simplicity, enforce the NX huge page mitigation even if not
	 * strictly necessary.  KVM could ignore the mitigation if paging is
	 * disabled in the guest, as the guest doesn't have any page tables to
	 * abuse.  But to safely ignore the mitigation, KVM would have to
	 * ensure a new MMU is loaded (or all shadow pages zapped) when CR0.PG
	 * is toggled on, and that's a net negative for performance when TDP is
	 * enabled.  When TDP is disabled, KVM will always switch to a new MMU
	 * when CR0.PG is toggled, but leveraging that to ignore the mitigation
	 * would tie make_spte() further to vCPU/MMU state, and add complexity
	 * just to optimize a mode that is anything but performance critical.
	 */
	if (level > PG_LEVEL_4K && (pte_access & ACC_EXEC_MASK) &&
	    is_nx_huge_page_enabled(vcpu->kvm)) {
		pte_access &= ~ACC_EXEC_MASK;
	}

	if (pte_access & ACC_EXEC_MASK)
		spte |= shadow_x_mask;
	else
		spte |= shadow_nx_mask;

	if (pte_access & ACC_USER_MASK)
		spte |= shadow_user_mask;

	if (level > PG_LEVEL_4K)
		spte |= PT_PAGE_SIZE_MASK;

	if (kvm_x86_ops.get_mt_mask)
		spte |= kvm_x86_call(get_mt_mask)(vcpu, gfn,
						  kvm_is_mmio_pfn(pfn, &is_host_mmio));
	if (host_writable)
		spte |= shadow_host_writable_mask;
	else
		pte_access &= ~ACC_WRITE_MASK;

	if (shadow_me_value && !kvm_is_mmio_pfn(pfn, &is_host_mmio))
		spte |= shadow_me_value;

	spte |= (u64)pfn << PAGE_SHIFT;

	if (pte_access & ACC_WRITE_MASK) {
		/*
		 * Unsync shadow pages that are reachable by the new, writable
		 * SPTE.  Write-protect the SPTE if the page can't be unsync'd,
		 * e.g. it's write-tracked (upper-level SPs) or has one or more
		 * shadow pages and unsync'ing pages is not allowed.
		 *
		 * When overwriting an existing leaf SPTE, and the old SPTE was
		 * writable, skip trying to unsync shadow pages as any relevant
		 * shadow pages must already be unsync, i.e. the hash lookup is
		 * unnecessary (and expensive).  Note, this relies on KVM not
		 * changing PFNs without first zapping the old SPTE, which is
		 * guaranteed by both the shadow MMU and the TDP MMU.
		 */
		if ((!is_last_spte(old_spte, level) || !is_writable_pte(old_spte)) &&
		    mmu_try_to_unsync_pages(vcpu->kvm, slot, gfn, synchronizing, prefetch))
			wrprot = true;
		else
			spte |= PT_WRITABLE_MASK | shadow_mmu_writable_mask |
				shadow_dirty_mask;
	}

	if (prefetch && !synchronizing)
		spte = mark_spte_for_access_track(spte);

	WARN_ONCE(is_rsvd_spte(&vcpu->arch.mmu->shadow_zero_check, spte, level),
		  "spte = 0x%llx, level = %d, rsvd bits = 0x%llx", spte, level,
		  get_rsvd_bits(&vcpu->arch.mmu->shadow_zero_check, spte, level));

	/*
	 * Mark the memslot dirty *after* modifying it for access tracking.
	 * Unlike folios, memslots can be safely marked dirty out of mmu_lock,
	 * i.e. in the fast page fault handler.
	 */
	if ((spte & PT_WRITABLE_MASK) && kvm_slot_dirty_track_enabled(slot)) {
		/* Enforced by kvm_mmu_hugepage_adjust. */
		WARN_ON_ONCE(level > PG_LEVEL_4K);
		mark_page_dirty_in_slot(vcpu->kvm, slot, gfn);
	}

	if (static_branch_unlikely(&cpu_buf_vm_clear) &&
	    !kvm_vcpu_can_access_host_mmio(vcpu) &&
	    kvm_is_mmio_pfn(pfn, &is_host_mmio))
		kvm_track_host_mmio_mapping(vcpu);

	*new_spte = spte;
	return wrprot;
}

static u64 modify_spte_protections(u64 spte, u64 set, u64 clear)
{
	bool is_access_track = is_access_track_spte(spte);

	if (is_access_track)
		spte = restore_acc_track_spte(spte);

	KVM_MMU_WARN_ON(set & clear);
	spte = (spte | set) & ~clear;

	if (is_access_track)
		spte = mark_spte_for_access_track(spte);

	return spte;
}

static u64 make_spte_executable(u64 spte)
{
	return modify_spte_protections(spte, shadow_x_mask, shadow_nx_mask);
}

static u64 make_spte_nonexecutable(u64 spte)
{
	return modify_spte_protections(spte, shadow_nx_mask, shadow_x_mask);
}

/*
 * Construct an SPTE that maps a sub-page of the given huge page SPTE where
 * `index` identifies which sub-page.
 *
 * This is used during huge page splitting to build the SPTEs that make up the
 * new page table.
 */
u64 make_small_spte(struct kvm *kvm, u64 huge_spte,
		    union kvm_mmu_page_role role, int index)
{
	u64 child_spte = huge_spte;

	KVM_BUG_ON(!is_shadow_present_pte(huge_spte) || !is_large_pte(huge_spte), kvm);

	/*
	 * The child_spte already has the base address of the huge page being
	 * split. So we just have to OR in the offset to the page at the next
	 * lower level for the given index.
	 */
	child_spte |= (index * KVM_PAGES_PER_HPAGE(role.level)) << PAGE_SHIFT;

	if (role.level == PG_LEVEL_4K) {
		child_spte &= ~PT_PAGE_SIZE_MASK;

		/*
		 * When splitting to a 4K page where execution is allowed, mark
		 * the page executable as the NX hugepage mitigation no longer
		 * applies.
		 */
		if ((role.access & ACC_EXEC_MASK) && is_nx_huge_page_enabled(kvm))
			child_spte = make_spte_executable(child_spte);
	}

	return child_spte;
}

u64 make_huge_spte(struct kvm *kvm, u64 small_spte, int level)
{
	u64 huge_spte;

	KVM_BUG_ON(!is_shadow_present_pte(small_spte) || level == PG_LEVEL_4K, kvm);

	huge_spte = small_spte | PT_PAGE_SIZE_MASK;

	/*
	 * huge_spte already has the address of the sub-page being collapsed
	 * from small_spte, so just clear the lower address bits to create the
	 * huge page address.
	 */
	huge_spte &= KVM_HPAGE_MASK(level) | ~PAGE_MASK;

	if (is_nx_huge_page_enabled(kvm))
		huge_spte = make_spte_nonexecutable(huge_spte);

	return huge_spte;
}

u64 make_nonleaf_spte(u64 *child_pt, bool ad_disabled)
{
	u64 spte = SPTE_MMU_PRESENT_MASK;

	spte |= __pa(child_pt) | shadow_present_mask | PT_WRITABLE_MASK |
		shadow_user_mask | shadow_x_mask | shadow_me_value;

	if (ad_disabled)
		spte |= SPTE_TDP_AD_DISABLED;
	else
		spte |= shadow_accessed_mask;

	return spte;
}

u64 mark_spte_for_access_track(u64 spte)
{
	if (spte_ad_enabled(spte))
		return spte & ~shadow_accessed_mask;

	if (is_access_track_spte(spte))
		return spte;

	check_spte_writable_invariants(spte);

	WARN_ONCE(spte & (SHADOW_ACC_TRACK_SAVED_BITS_MASK <<
			  SHADOW_ACC_TRACK_SAVED_BITS_SHIFT),
		  "Access Tracking saved bit locations are not zero\n");

	spte |= (spte & SHADOW_ACC_TRACK_SAVED_BITS_MASK) <<
		SHADOW_ACC_TRACK_SAVED_BITS_SHIFT;
	spte &= ~(shadow_acc_track_mask | shadow_accessed_mask);

	return spte;
}

void kvm_mmu_set_mmio_spte_mask(u64 mmio_value, u64 mmio_mask, u64 access_mask)
{
	BUG_ON((u64)(unsigned)access_mask != access_mask);
	WARN_ON(mmio_value & shadow_nonpresent_or_rsvd_lower_gfn_mask);

	/*
	 * Reset to the original module param value to honor userspace's desire
	 * to (dis)allow MMIO caching.  Update the param itself so that
	 * userspace can see whether or not KVM is actually using MMIO caching.
	 */
	enable_mmio_caching = allow_mmio_caching;
	if (!enable_mmio_caching)
		mmio_value = 0;

	/*
	 * The mask must contain only bits that are carved out specifically for
	 * the MMIO SPTE mask, e.g. to ensure there's no overlap with the MMIO
	 * generation.
	 */
	if (WARN_ON(mmio_mask & ~SPTE_MMIO_ALLOWED_MASK))
		mmio_value = 0;

	/*
	 * Disable MMIO caching if the MMIO value collides with the bits that
	 * are used to hold the relocated GFN when the L1TF mitigation is
	 * enabled.  This should never fire as there is no known hardware that
	 * can trigger this condition, e.g. SME/SEV CPUs that require a custom
	 * MMIO value are not susceptible to L1TF.
	 */
	if (WARN_ON(mmio_value & (shadow_nonpresent_or_rsvd_mask <<
				  SHADOW_NONPRESENT_OR_RSVD_MASK_LEN)))
		mmio_value = 0;

	/*
	 * The masked MMIO value must obviously match itself and a frozen SPTE
	 * must not get a false positive.  Frozen SPTEs and MMIO SPTEs should
	 * never collide as MMIO must set some RWX bits, and frozen SPTEs must
	 * not set any RWX bits.
	 */
	if (WARN_ON((mmio_value & mmio_mask) != mmio_value) ||
	    WARN_ON(mmio_value && (FROZEN_SPTE & mmio_mask) == mmio_value))
		mmio_value = 0;

	if (!mmio_value)
		enable_mmio_caching = false;

	shadow_mmio_value = mmio_value;
	shadow_mmio_mask  = mmio_mask;
	shadow_mmio_access_mask = access_mask;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kvm_mmu_set_mmio_spte_mask);

void kvm_mmu_set_mmio_spte_value(struct kvm *kvm, u64 mmio_value)
{
	kvm->arch.shadow_mmio_value = mmio_value;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kvm_mmu_set_mmio_spte_value);

void kvm_mmu_set_me_spte_mask(u64 me_value, u64 me_mask)
{
	/* shadow_me_value must be a subset of shadow_me_mask */
	if (WARN_ON(me_value & ~me_mask))
		me_value = me_mask = 0;

	shadow_me_value = me_value;
	shadow_me_mask = me_mask;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kvm_mmu_set_me_spte_mask);

void kvm_mmu_set_ept_masks(bool has_ad_bits, bool has_exec_only)
{
	kvm_ad_enabled		= has_ad_bits;

	shadow_user_mask	= VMX_EPT_READABLE_MASK;
	shadow_accessed_mask	= VMX_EPT_ACCESS_BIT;
	shadow_dirty_mask	= VMX_EPT_DIRTY_BIT;
	shadow_nx_mask		= 0ull;
	shadow_x_mask		= VMX_EPT_EXECUTABLE_MASK;
	/* VMX_EPT_SUPPRESS_VE_BIT is needed for W or X violation. */
	shadow_present_mask	=
		(has_exec_only ? 0ull : VMX_EPT_READABLE_MASK) | VMX_EPT_SUPPRESS_VE_BIT;

	shadow_acc_track_mask	= VMX_EPT_RWX_MASK;
	shadow_host_writable_mask = EPT_SPTE_HOST_WRITABLE;
	shadow_mmu_writable_mask  = EPT_SPTE_MMU_WRITABLE;

	/*
	 * EPT Misconfigurations are generated if the value of bits 2:0
	 * of an EPT paging-structure entry is 110b (write/execute).
	 */
	kvm_mmu_set_mmio_spte_mask(VMX_EPT_MISCONFIG_WX_VALUE,
				   VMX_EPT_RWX_MASK | VMX_EPT_SUPPRESS_VE_BIT, 0);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kvm_mmu_set_ept_masks);

void kvm_mmu_reset_all_pte_masks(void)
{
	u8 low_phys_bits;
	u64 mask;

	kvm_ad_enabled = true;

	/*
	 * If the CPU has 46 or less physical address bits, then set an
	 * appropriate mask to guard against L1TF attacks. Otherwise, it is
	 * assumed that the CPU is not vulnerable to L1TF.
	 *
	 * Some Intel CPUs address the L1 cache using more PA bits than are
	 * reported by CPUID. Use the PA width of the L1 cache when possible
	 * to achieve more effective mitigation, e.g. if system RAM overlaps
	 * the most significant bits of legal physical address space.
	 */
	shadow_nonpresent_or_rsvd_mask = 0;
	low_phys_bits = boot_cpu_data.x86_phys_bits;
	if (boot_cpu_has_bug(X86_BUG_L1TF) &&
	    !WARN_ON_ONCE(boot_cpu_data.x86_cache_bits >=
			  52 - SHADOW_NONPRESENT_OR_RSVD_MASK_LEN)) {
		low_phys_bits = boot_cpu_data.x86_cache_bits
			- SHADOW_NONPRESENT_OR_RSVD_MASK_LEN;
		shadow_nonpresent_or_rsvd_mask =
			rsvd_bits(low_phys_bits, boot_cpu_data.x86_cache_bits - 1);
	}

	shadow_nonpresent_or_rsvd_lower_gfn_mask =
		GENMASK_ULL(low_phys_bits - 1, PAGE_SHIFT);

	shadow_user_mask	= PT_USER_MASK;
	shadow_accessed_mask	= PT_ACCESSED_MASK;
	shadow_dirty_mask	= PT_DIRTY_MASK;
	shadow_nx_mask		= PT64_NX_MASK;
	shadow_x_mask		= 0;
	shadow_present_mask	= PT_PRESENT_MASK;

	shadow_acc_track_mask	= 0;
	shadow_me_mask		= 0;
	shadow_me_value		= 0;

	shadow_host_writable_mask = DEFAULT_SPTE_HOST_WRITABLE;
	shadow_mmu_writable_mask  = DEFAULT_SPTE_MMU_WRITABLE;

	/*
	 * Set a reserved PA bit in MMIO SPTEs to generate page faults with
	 * PFEC.RSVD=1 on MMIO accesses.  64-bit PTEs (PAE, x86-64, and EPT
	 * paging) support a maximum of 52 bits of PA, i.e. if the CPU supports
	 * 52-bit physical addresses then there are no reserved PA bits in the
	 * PTEs and so the reserved PA approach must be disabled.
	 */
	if (kvm_host.maxphyaddr < 52)
		mask = BIT_ULL(51) | PT_PRESENT_MASK;
	else
		mask = 0;

	kvm_mmu_set_mmio_spte_mask(mask, mask, ACC_WRITE_MASK | ACC_USER_MASK);
}