vscsiif.h

/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT */
/******************************************************************************
 * vscsiif.h
 *
 * Based on the blkif.h code.
 *
 * Copyright(c) FUJITSU Limited 2008.
 */

#ifndef __XEN__PUBLIC_IO_SCSI_H__
#define __XEN__PUBLIC_IO_SCSI_H__

#include "ring.h"
#include "../grant_table.h"

/*
 * Feature and Parameter Negotiation
 * =================================
 * The two halves of a Xen pvSCSI driver utilize nodes within the XenStore to
 * communicate capabilities and to negotiate operating parameters.  This
 * section enumerates these nodes which reside in the respective front and
 * backend portions of the XenStore, following the XenBus convention.
 *
 * Any specified default value is in effect if the corresponding XenBus node
 * is not present in the XenStore.
 *
 * XenStore nodes in sections marked "PRIVATE" are solely for use by the
 * driver side whose XenBus tree contains them.
 *
 *****************************************************************************
 *                            Backend XenBus Nodes
 *****************************************************************************
 *
 *------------------ Backend Device Identification (PRIVATE) ------------------
 *
 * p-devname
 *      Values:         string
 *
 *      A free string used to identify the physical device (e.g. a disk name).
 *
 * p-dev
 *      Values:         string
 *
 *      A string specifying the backend device: either a 4-tuple "h:c:t:l"
 *      (host, controller, target, lun, all integers), or a WWN (e.g.
 *      "naa.60014054ac780582:0").
 *
 * v-dev
 *      Values:         string
 *
 *      A string specifying the frontend device in form of a 4-tuple "h:c:t:l"
 *      (host, controller, target, lun, all integers).
 *
 *--------------------------------- Features ---------------------------------
 *
 * feature-sg-grant
 *      Values:         unsigned [VSCSIIF_SG_TABLESIZE...65535]
 *      Default Value:  0
 *
 *      Specifies the maximum number of scatter/gather elements in grant pages
 *      supported. If not set, the backend supports up to VSCSIIF_SG_TABLESIZE
 *      SG elements specified directly in the request.
 *
 *****************************************************************************
 *                            Frontend XenBus Nodes
 *****************************************************************************
 *
 *----------------------- Request Transport Parameters -----------------------
 *
 * event-channel
 *      Values:         unsigned
 *
 *      The identifier of the Xen event channel used to signal activity
 *      in the ring buffer.
 *
 * ring-ref
 *      Values:         unsigned
 *
 *      The Xen grant reference granting permission for the backend to map
 *      the sole page in a single page sized ring buffer.
 *
 * protocol
 *      Values:         string (XEN_IO_PROTO_ABI_*)
 *      Default Value:  XEN_IO_PROTO_ABI_NATIVE
 *
 *      The machine ABI rules governing the format of all ring request and
 *      response structures.
 */

/*
 * Xenstore format in practice
 * ===========================
 *
 * The backend driver uses a single_host:many_devices notation to manage domU
 * devices. Everything is stored in /local/domain/<backend_domid>/backend/vscsi/.
 * The xenstore layout looks like this (dom0 is assumed to be the backend_domid):
 *
 *     <domid>/<vhost>/feature-host = "0"
 *     <domid>/<vhost>/frontend = "/local/domain/<domid>/device/vscsi/0"
 *     <domid>/<vhost>/frontend-id = "<domid>"
 *     <domid>/<vhost>/online = "1"
 *     <domid>/<vhost>/state = "4"
 *     <domid>/<vhost>/vscsi-devs/dev-0/p-dev = "8:0:2:1" or "naa.wwn:lun"
 *     <domid>/<vhost>/vscsi-devs/dev-0/state = "4"
 *     <domid>/<vhost>/vscsi-devs/dev-0/v-dev = "0:0:0:0"
 *     <domid>/<vhost>/vscsi-devs/dev-1/p-dev = "8:0:2:2"
 *     <domid>/<vhost>/vscsi-devs/dev-1/state = "4"
 *     <domid>/<vhost>/vscsi-devs/dev-1/v-dev = "0:0:1:0"
 *
 * The frontend driver maintains its state in
 * /local/domain/<domid>/device/vscsi/.
 *
 *     <vhost>/backend = "/local/domain/0/backend/vscsi/<domid>/<vhost>"
 *     <vhost>/backend-id = "0"
 *     <vhost>/event-channel = "20"
 *     <vhost>/ring-ref = "43"
 *     <vhost>/state = "4"
 *     <vhost>/vscsi-devs/dev-0/state = "4"
 *     <vhost>/vscsi-devs/dev-1/state = "4"
 *
 * In addition to the entries for backend and frontend these flags are stored
 * for the toolstack:
 *
 *     <domid>/<vhost>/vscsi-devs/dev-1/p-devname = "/dev/$device"
 *     <domid>/<vhost>/libxl_ctrl_index = "0"
 *
 *
 * Backend/frontend protocol
 * =========================
 *
 * To create a vhost along with a device:
 *     <domid>/<vhost>/feature-host = "0"
 *     <domid>/<vhost>/frontend = "/local/domain/<domid>/device/vscsi/0"
 *     <domid>/<vhost>/frontend-id = "<domid>"
 *     <domid>/<vhost>/online = "1"
 *     <domid>/<vhost>/state = "1"
 *     <domid>/<vhost>/vscsi-devs/dev-0/p-dev = "8:0:2:1"
 *     <domid>/<vhost>/vscsi-devs/dev-0/state = "1"
 *     <domid>/<vhost>/vscsi-devs/dev-0/v-dev = "0:0:0:0"
 * Wait for <domid>/<vhost>/state + <domid>/<vhost>/vscsi-devs/dev-0/state become 4
 *
 * To add another device to a vhost:
 *     <domid>/<vhost>/state = "7"
 *     <domid>/<vhost>/vscsi-devs/dev-1/p-dev = "8:0:2:2"
 *     <domid>/<vhost>/vscsi-devs/dev-1/state = "1"
 *     <domid>/<vhost>/vscsi-devs/dev-1/v-dev = "0:0:1:0"
 * Wait for <domid>/<vhost>/state + <domid>/<vhost>/vscsi-devs/dev-1/state become 4
 *
 * To remove a device from a vhost:
 *     <domid>/<vhost>/state = "7"
 *     <domid>/<vhost>/vscsi-devs/dev-1/state = "5"
 * Wait for <domid>/<vhost>/state to become 4
 * Wait for <domid>/<vhost>/vscsi-devs/dev-1/state become 6
 * Remove <domid>/<vhost>/vscsi-devs/dev-1/{state,p-dev,v-dev,p-devname}
 * Remove <domid>/<vhost>/vscsi-devs/dev-1/
 *
 */

/* Requests from the frontend to the backend */

/*
 * Request a SCSI operation specified via a CDB in vscsiif_request.cmnd.
 * The target is specified via channel, id and lun.
 *
 * The operation to be performed is specified via a CDB in cmnd[], the length
 * of the CDB is in cmd_len. sc_data_direction specifies the direction of data
 * (to the device, from the device, or none at all).
 *
 * If data is to be transferred to or from the device the buffer(s) in the
 * guest memory is/are specified via one or multiple scsiif_request_segment
 * descriptors each specifying a memory page via a grant_ref_t, a offset into
 * the page and the length of the area in that page. All scsiif_request_segment
 * areas concatenated form the resulting data buffer used by the operation.
 * If the number of scsiif_request_segment areas is not too large (less than
 * or equal VSCSIIF_SG_TABLESIZE) the areas can be specified directly in the
 * seg[] array and the number of valid scsiif_request_segment elements is to be
 * set in nr_segments.
 *
 * If "feature-sg-grant" in the Xenstore is set it is possible to specify more
 * than VSCSIIF_SG_TABLESIZE scsiif_request_segment elements via indirection.
 * The maximum number of allowed scsiif_request_segment elements is the value
 * of the "feature-sg-grant" entry from Xenstore. When using indirection the
 * seg[] array doesn't contain specifications of the data buffers, but
 * references to scsiif_request_segment arrays, which in turn reference the
 * data buffers. While nr_segments holds the number of populated seg[] entries
 * (plus the set VSCSIIF_SG_GRANT bit), the number of scsiif_request_segment
 * elements referencing the target data buffers is calculated from the lengths
 * of the seg[] elements (the sum of all valid seg[].length divided by the
 * size of one scsiif_request_segment structure). The frontend may use a mix of
 * direct and indirect requests.
 */
#define VSCSIIF_ACT_SCSI_CDB		1

/*
 * Request abort of a running operation for the specified target given by
 * channel, id, lun and the operation's rqid in ref_rqid.
 */
#define VSCSIIF_ACT_SCSI_ABORT		2

/*
 * Request a device reset of the specified target (channel and id).
 */
#define VSCSIIF_ACT_SCSI_RESET		3

/*
 * Preset scatter/gather elements for a following request. Deprecated.
 * Keeping the define only to avoid usage of the value "4" for other actions.
 */
#define VSCSIIF_ACT_SCSI_SG_PRESET	4

/*
 * Maximum scatter/gather segments per request.
 *
 * Considering balance between allocating at least 16 "vscsiif_request"
 * structures on one page (4096 bytes) and the number of scatter/gather
 * elements needed, we decided to use 26 as a magic number.
 *
 * If "feature-sg-grant" is set, more scatter/gather elements can be specified
 * by placing them in one or more (up to VSCSIIF_SG_TABLESIZE) granted pages.
 * In this case the vscsiif_request seg elements don't contain references to
 * the user data, but to the SG elements referencing the user data.
 */
#define VSCSIIF_SG_TABLESIZE		26

/*
 * based on Linux kernel 2.6.18, still valid
 *
 * Changing these values requires support of multiple protocols via the rings
 * as "old clients" will blindly use these values and the resulting structure
 * sizes.
 */
#define VSCSIIF_MAX_COMMAND_SIZE	16
#define VSCSIIF_SENSE_BUFFERSIZE	96
#define VSCSIIF_PAGE_SIZE		4096

struct scsiif_request_segment {
	grant_ref_t gref;
	uint16_t offset;
	uint16_t length;
};

#define VSCSIIF_SG_PER_PAGE	(VSCSIIF_PAGE_SIZE / \
				 sizeof(struct scsiif_request_segment))

/* Size of one request is 252 bytes */
struct vscsiif_request {
	uint16_t rqid;		/* private guest value, echoed in resp  */
	uint8_t act;		/* command between backend and frontend */
	uint8_t cmd_len;	/* valid CDB bytes */

	uint8_t cmnd[VSCSIIF_MAX_COMMAND_SIZE];	/* the CDB */
	uint16_t timeout_per_command;	/* deprecated */
	uint16_t channel, id, lun;	/* (virtual) device specification */
	uint16_t ref_rqid;		/* command abort reference */
	uint8_t sc_data_direction;	/* for DMA_TO_DEVICE(1)
					   DMA_FROM_DEVICE(2)
					   DMA_NONE(3) requests */
	uint8_t nr_segments;		/* Number of pieces of scatter-gather */
/*
 * flag in nr_segments: SG elements via grant page
 *
 * If VSCSIIF_SG_GRANT is set, the low 7 bits of nr_segments specify the number
 * of grant pages containing SG elements. Usable if "feature-sg-grant" set.
 */
#define VSCSIIF_SG_GRANT	0x80

	struct scsiif_request_segment seg[VSCSIIF_SG_TABLESIZE];
	uint32_t reserved[3];
};

/* Size of one response is 252 bytes */
struct vscsiif_response {
	uint16_t rqid;		/* identifies request */
	uint8_t padding;
	uint8_t sense_len;
	uint8_t sense_buffer[VSCSIIF_SENSE_BUFFERSIZE];
	int32_t rslt;
	uint32_t residual_len;	/* request bufflen -
				   return the value from physical device */
	uint32_t reserved[36];
};

/* SCSI I/O status from vscsiif_response->rslt */
#define XEN_VSCSIIF_RSLT_STATUS(x)  ((x) & 0x00ff)

/* Host I/O status from vscsiif_response->rslt */
#define XEN_VSCSIIF_RSLT_HOST(x)    (((x) & 0x00ff0000) >> 16)
#define XEN_VSCSIIF_RSLT_HOST_OK                   0
/* Couldn't connect before timeout */
#define XEN_VSCSIIF_RSLT_HOST_NO_CONNECT           1
/* Bus busy through timeout */
#define XEN_VSCSIIF_RSLT_HOST_BUS_BUSY             2
/* Timed out for other reason */
#define XEN_VSCSIIF_RSLT_HOST_TIME_OUT             3
/* Bad target */
#define XEN_VSCSIIF_RSLT_HOST_BAD_TARGET           4
/* Abort for some other reason */
#define XEN_VSCSIIF_RSLT_HOST_ABORT                5
/* Parity error */
#define XEN_VSCSIIF_RSLT_HOST_PARITY               6
/* Internal error */
#define XEN_VSCSIIF_RSLT_HOST_ERROR                7
/* Reset by somebody */
#define XEN_VSCSIIF_RSLT_HOST_RESET                8
/* Unexpected interrupt */
#define XEN_VSCSIIF_RSLT_HOST_BAD_INTR             9
/* Force command past mid-layer */
#define XEN_VSCSIIF_RSLT_HOST_PASSTHROUGH         10
/* Retry requested */
#define XEN_VSCSIIF_RSLT_HOST_SOFT_ERROR          11
/* Hidden retry requested */
#define XEN_VSCSIIF_RSLT_HOST_IMM_RETRY           12
/* Requeue command requested */
#define XEN_VSCSIIF_RSLT_HOST_REQUEUE             13
/* Transport error disrupted I/O */
#define XEN_VSCSIIF_RSLT_HOST_TRANSPORT_DISRUPTED 14
/* Transport class fastfailed */
#define XEN_VSCSIIF_RSLT_HOST_TRANSPORT_FAILFAST  15
/* Permanent target failure */
#define XEN_VSCSIIF_RSLT_HOST_TARGET_FAILURE      16
/* Permanent nexus failure on path */
#define XEN_VSCSIIF_RSLT_HOST_NEXUS_FAILURE       17
/* Space allocation on device failed */
#define XEN_VSCSIIF_RSLT_HOST_ALLOC_FAILURE       18
/* Medium error */
#define XEN_VSCSIIF_RSLT_HOST_MEDIUM_ERROR        19
/* Transport marginal errors */
#define XEN_VSCSIIF_RSLT_HOST_TRANSPORT_MARGINAL  20

/* Result values of reset operations */
#define XEN_VSCSIIF_RSLT_RESET_SUCCESS  0x2002
#define XEN_VSCSIIF_RSLT_RESET_FAILED   0x2003

DEFINE_RING_TYPES(vscsiif, struct vscsiif_request, struct vscsiif_response);


#endif  /*__XEN__PUBLIC_IO_SCSI_H__*/