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ycchen00
GitHub Repository: ycchen00/Introduction-to-Data-Science-in-Python
 Path: blob/main/resources/week-3/GroupBy_ed.ipynb
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Kernel: Python 3

Sometimes we want to select data based on groups and understand aggregated data on a group level. We have seen that even though Pandas allows us to iterate over every row in a dataframe, it is geneally very slow to do so. Fortunately Pandas has a groupby() function to speed up such task. The idea behind the groupby() function is that it takes some dataframe, splits it into chunks based on some key values, applies computation on those chunks, then combines the results back together into another dataframe. In pandas this is refered to as the split-apply-combine pattern.

Splitting

# Let's look at an example. First, we'll bring in our pandas and numpy libraries
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

# Let's look at some US census data
df = pd.read_csv('datasets/census.csv')
# And exclude state level summarizations, which have sum level value of 40
df = df[df['SUMLEV']==50]
df.head()

# In the first example for groupby() I want to use the census date. Let's get a list of the unique states,
# then we can iterate over all the states and for each state we reduce the data frame and calculate the
# average.

# Let's run such task for 3 times and time it. For this we'll use the cell magic function %%timeit

%%timeit -n 3

for state in df['STNAME'].unique():
    # We'll just calculate the average using numpy for this particular state
    avg = np.average(df.where(df['STNAME']==state).dropna()['CENSUS2010POP'])
    # And we'll print it to the screen
    print('Counties in state ' + state + 
          ' have an average population of ' + str(avg))
Counties in state Alabama have an average population of 71339.34328358209 Counties in state Alaska have an average population of 24490.724137931036 Counties in state Arizona have an average population of 426134.4666666667 Counties in state Arkansas have an average population of 38878.90666666667 Counties in state California have an average population of 642309.5862068966 Counties in state Colorado have an average population of 78581.1875 Counties in state Connecticut have an average population of 446762.125 Counties in state Delaware have an average population of 299311.3333333333 Counties in state District of Columbia have an average population of 601723.0 Counties in state Florida have an average population of 280616.5671641791 Counties in state Georgia have an average population of 60928.63522012578 Counties in state Hawaii have an average population of 272060.2 Counties in state Idaho have an average population of 35626.86363636364 Counties in state Illinois have an average population of 125790.50980392157 Counties in state Indiana have an average population of 70476.10869565218 Counties in state Iowa have an average population of 30771.262626262625 Counties in state Kansas have an average population of 27172.55238095238 Counties in state Kentucky have an average population of 36161.39166666667 Counties in state Louisiana have an average population of 70833.9375 Counties in state Maine have an average population of 83022.5625 Counties in state Maryland have an average population of 240564.66666666666 Counties in state Massachusetts have an average population of 467687.78571428574 Counties in state Michigan have an average population of 119080.0 Counties in state Minnesota have an average population of 60964.65517241379 Counties in state Mississippi have an average population of 36186.54878048781 Counties in state Missouri have an average population of 52077.62608695652 Counties in state Montana have an average population of 17668.125 Counties in state Nebraska have an average population of 19638.075268817203 Counties in state Nevada have an average population of 158855.9411764706 Counties in state New Hampshire have an average population of 131647.0 Counties in state New Jersey have an average population of 418661.61904761905 Counties in state New Mexico have an average population of 62399.36363636364 Counties in state New York have an average population of 312550.03225806454 Counties in state North Carolina have an average population of 95354.83 Counties in state North Dakota have an average population of 12690.396226415094 Counties in state Ohio have an average population of 131096.63636363635 Counties in state Oklahoma have an average population of 48718.844155844155 Counties in state Oregon have an average population of 106418.72222222222 Counties in state Pennsylvania have an average population of 189587.74626865672 Counties in state Rhode Island have an average population of 210513.4 Counties in state South Carolina have an average population of 100551.39130434782 Counties in state South Dakota have an average population of 12336.060606060606 Counties in state Tennessee have an average population of 66801.1052631579 Counties in state Texas have an average population of 98998.27165354331 Counties in state Utah have an average population of 95306.37931034483 Counties in state Vermont have an average population of 44695.78571428572 Counties in state Virginia have an average population of 60111.29323308271 Counties in state Washington have an average population of 172424.10256410256 Counties in state West Virginia have an average population of 33690.8 Counties in state Wisconsin have an average population of 78985.91666666667 Counties in state Wyoming have an average population of 24505.478260869564 Counties in state Alabama have an average population of 71339.34328358209 Counties in state Alaska have an average population of 24490.724137931036 Counties in state Arizona have an average population of 426134.4666666667 Counties in state Arkansas have an average population of 38878.90666666667 Counties in state California have an average population of 642309.5862068966 Counties in state Colorado have an average population of 78581.1875 Counties in state Connecticut have an average population of 446762.125 Counties in state Delaware have an average population of 299311.3333333333 Counties in state District of Columbia have an average population of 601723.0 Counties in state Florida have an average population of 280616.5671641791 Counties in state Georgia have an average population of 60928.63522012578 Counties in state Hawaii have an average population of 272060.2 Counties in state Idaho have an average population of 35626.86363636364 Counties in state Illinois have an average population of 125790.50980392157 Counties in state Indiana have an average population of 70476.10869565218 Counties in state Iowa have an average population of 30771.262626262625 Counties in state Kansas have an average population of 27172.55238095238 Counties in state Kentucky have an average population of 36161.39166666667 Counties in state Louisiana have an average population of 70833.9375 Counties in state Maine have an average population of 83022.5625 Counties in state Maryland have an average population of 240564.66666666666 Counties in state Massachusetts have an average population of 467687.78571428574 Counties in state Michigan have an average population of 119080.0 Counties in state Minnesota have an average population of 60964.65517241379 Counties in state Mississippi have an average population of 36186.54878048781 Counties in state Missouri have an average population of 52077.62608695652 Counties in state Montana have an average population of 17668.125 Counties in state Nebraska have an average population of 19638.075268817203 Counties in state Nevada have an average population of 158855.9411764706 Counties in state New Hampshire have an average population of 131647.0 Counties in state New Jersey have an average population of 418661.61904761905 Counties in state New Mexico have an average population of 62399.36363636364 Counties in state New York have an average population of 312550.03225806454 Counties in state North Carolina have an average population of 95354.83 Counties in state North Dakota have an average population of 12690.396226415094 Counties in state Ohio have an average population of 131096.63636363635 Counties in state Oklahoma have an average population of 48718.844155844155 Counties in state Oregon have an average population of 106418.72222222222 Counties in state Pennsylvania have an average population of 189587.74626865672 Counties in state Rhode Island have an average population of 210513.4 Counties in state South Carolina have an average population of 100551.39130434782 Counties in state South Dakota have an average population of 12336.060606060606 Counties in state Tennessee have an average population of 66801.1052631579 Counties in state Texas have an average population of 98998.27165354331 Counties in state Utah have an average population of 95306.37931034483 Counties in state Vermont have an average population of 44695.78571428572 Counties in state Virginia have an average population of 60111.29323308271 Counties in state Washington have an average population of 172424.10256410256 Counties in state West Virginia have an average population of 33690.8 Counties in state Wisconsin have an average population of 78985.91666666667 Counties in state Wyoming have an average population of 24505.478260869564 Counties in state Alabama have an average population of 71339.34328358209 Counties in state Alaska have an average population of 24490.724137931036 Counties in state Arizona have an average population of 426134.4666666667 Counties in state Arkansas have an average population of 38878.90666666667 Counties in state California have an average population of 642309.5862068966 Counties in state Colorado have an average population of 78581.1875 Counties in state Connecticut have an average population of 446762.125 Counties in state Delaware have an average population of 299311.3333333333 Counties in state District of Columbia have an average population of 601723.0 Counties in state Florida have an average population of 280616.5671641791 Counties in state Georgia have an average population of 60928.63522012578 Counties in state Hawaii have an average population of 272060.2 Counties in state Idaho have an average population of 35626.86363636364 Counties in state Illinois have an average population of 125790.50980392157 Counties in state Indiana have an average population of 70476.10869565218 Counties in state Iowa have an average population of 30771.262626262625 Counties in state Kansas have an average population of 27172.55238095238 Counties in state Kentucky have an average population of 36161.39166666667 Counties in state Louisiana have an average population of 70833.9375 Counties in state Maine have an average population of 83022.5625 Counties in state Maryland have an average population of 240564.66666666666 Counties in state Massachusetts have an average population of 467687.78571428574 Counties in state Michigan have an average population of 119080.0 Counties in state Minnesota have an average population of 60964.65517241379 Counties in state Mississippi have an average population of 36186.54878048781 Counties in state Missouri have an average population of 52077.62608695652 Counties in state Montana have an average population of 17668.125 Counties in state Nebraska have an average population of 19638.075268817203 Counties in state Nevada have an average population of 158855.9411764706 Counties in state New Hampshire have an average population of 131647.0 Counties in state New Jersey have an average population of 418661.61904761905 Counties in state New Mexico have an average population of 62399.36363636364 Counties in state New York have an average population of 312550.03225806454 Counties in state North Carolina have an average population of 95354.83 Counties in state North Dakota have an average population of 12690.396226415094 Counties in state Ohio have an average population of 131096.63636363635 Counties in state Oklahoma have an average population of 48718.844155844155 Counties in state Oregon have an average population of 106418.72222222222 Counties in state Pennsylvania have an average population of 189587.74626865672 Counties in state Rhode Island have an average population of 210513.4 Counties in state South Carolina have an average population of 100551.39130434782 Counties in state South Dakota have an average population of 12336.060606060606 Counties in state Tennessee have an average population of 66801.1052631579 Counties in state Texas have an average population of 98998.27165354331 Counties in state Utah have an average population of 95306.37931034483 Counties in state Vermont have an average population of 44695.78571428572 Counties in state Virginia have an average population of 60111.29323308271 Counties in state Washington have an average population of 172424.10256410256 Counties in state West Virginia have an average population of 33690.8 Counties in state Wisconsin have an average population of 78985.91666666667 Counties in state Wyoming have an average population of 24505.478260869564 Counties in state Alabama have an average population of 71339.34328358209 Counties in state Alaska have an average population of 24490.724137931036 Counties in state Arizona have an average population of 426134.4666666667 Counties in state Arkansas have an average population of 38878.90666666667 Counties in state California have an average population of 642309.5862068966 Counties in state Colorado have an average population of 78581.1875 Counties in state Connecticut have an average population of 446762.125 Counties in state Delaware have an average population of 299311.3333333333 Counties in state District of Columbia have an average population of 601723.0 Counties in state Florida have an average population of 280616.5671641791 Counties in state Georgia have an average population of 60928.63522012578 Counties in state Hawaii have an average population of 272060.2 Counties in state Idaho have an average population of 35626.86363636364 Counties in state Illinois have an average population of 125790.50980392157 Counties in state Indiana have an average population of 70476.10869565218 Counties in state Iowa have an average population of 30771.262626262625 Counties in state Kansas have an average population of 27172.55238095238 Counties in state Kentucky have an average population of 36161.39166666667 Counties in state Louisiana have an average population of 70833.9375 Counties in state Maine have an average population of 83022.5625 Counties in state Maryland have an average population of 240564.66666666666 Counties in state Massachusetts have an average population of 467687.78571428574 Counties in state Michigan have an average population of 119080.0 Counties in state Minnesota have an average population of 60964.65517241379 Counties in state Mississippi have an average population of 36186.54878048781 Counties in state Missouri have an average population of 52077.62608695652 Counties in state Montana have an average population of 17668.125 Counties in state Nebraska have an average population of 19638.075268817203 Counties in state Nevada have an average population of 158855.9411764706 Counties in state New Hampshire have an average population of 131647.0 Counties in state New Jersey have an average population of 418661.61904761905 Counties in state New Mexico have an average population of 62399.36363636364 Counties in state New York have an average population of 312550.03225806454 Counties in state North Carolina have an average population of 95354.83 Counties in state North Dakota have an average population of 12690.396226415094 Counties in state Ohio have an average population of 131096.63636363635 Counties in state Oklahoma have an average population of 48718.844155844155 Counties in state Oregon have an average population of 106418.72222222222 Counties in state Pennsylvania have an average population of 189587.74626865672 Counties in state Rhode Island have an average population of 210513.4 Counties in state South Carolina have an average population of 100551.39130434782 Counties in state South Dakota have an average population of 12336.060606060606 Counties in state Tennessee have an average population of 66801.1052631579 Counties in state Texas have an average population of 98998.27165354331 Counties in state Utah have an average population of 95306.37931034483 Counties in state Vermont have an average population of 44695.78571428572 Counties in state Virginia have an average population of 60111.29323308271 Counties in state Washington have an average population of 172424.10256410256 Counties in state West Virginia have an average population of 33690.8 Counties in state Wisconsin have an average population of 78985.91666666667 Counties in state Wyoming have an average population of 24505.478260869564 Counties in state Alabama have an average population of 71339.34328358209 Counties in state Alaska have an average population of 24490.724137931036 Counties in state Arizona have an average population of 426134.4666666667 Counties in state Arkansas have an average population of 38878.90666666667 Counties in state California have an average population of 642309.5862068966 Counties in state Colorado have an average population of 78581.1875 Counties in state Connecticut have an average population of 446762.125 Counties in state Delaware have an average population of 299311.3333333333 Counties in state District of Columbia have an average population of 601723.0 Counties in state Florida have an average population of 280616.5671641791 Counties in state Georgia have an average population of 60928.63522012578 Counties in state Hawaii have an average population of 272060.2 Counties in state Idaho have an average population of 35626.86363636364 Counties in state Illinois have an average population of 125790.50980392157 Counties in state Indiana have an average population of 70476.10869565218 Counties in state Iowa have an average population of 30771.262626262625 Counties in state Kansas have an average population of 27172.55238095238 Counties in state Kentucky have an average population of 36161.39166666667 Counties in state Louisiana have an average population of 70833.9375 Counties in state Maine have an average population of 83022.5625 Counties in state Maryland have an average population of 240564.66666666666 Counties in state Massachusetts have an average population of 467687.78571428574 Counties in state Michigan have an average population of 119080.0 Counties in state Minnesota have an average population of 60964.65517241379 Counties in state Mississippi have an average population of 36186.54878048781 Counties in state Missouri have an average population of 52077.62608695652 Counties in state Montana have an average population of 17668.125 Counties in state Nebraska have an average population of 19638.075268817203 Counties in state Nevada have an average population of 158855.9411764706 Counties in state New Hampshire have an average population of 131647.0 Counties in state New Jersey have an average population of 418661.61904761905 Counties in state New Mexico have an average population of 62399.36363636364 Counties in state New York have an average population of 312550.03225806454 Counties in state North Carolina have an average population of 95354.83 Counties in state North Dakota have an average population of 12690.396226415094 Counties in state Ohio have an average population of 131096.63636363635 Counties in state Oklahoma have an average population of 48718.844155844155 Counties in state Oregon have an average population of 106418.72222222222 Counties in state Pennsylvania have an average population of 189587.74626865672 Counties in state Rhode Island have an average population of 210513.4 Counties in state South Carolina have an average population of 100551.39130434782 Counties in state South Dakota have an average population of 12336.060606060606 Counties in state Tennessee have an average population of 66801.1052631579 Counties in state Texas have an average population of 98998.27165354331 Counties in state Utah have an average population of 95306.37931034483 Counties in state Vermont have an average population of 44695.78571428572 Counties in state Virginia have an average population of 60111.29323308271 Counties in state Washington have an average population of 172424.10256410256 Counties in state West Virginia have an average population of 33690.8 Counties in state Wisconsin have an average population of 78985.91666666667 Counties in state Wyoming have an average population of 24505.478260869564 Counties in state Alabama have an average population of 71339.34328358209 Counties in state Alaska have an average population of 24490.724137931036 Counties in state Arizona have an average population of 426134.4666666667 Counties in state Arkansas have an average population of 38878.90666666667 Counties in state California have an average population of 642309.5862068966 Counties in state Colorado have an average population of 78581.1875 Counties in state Connecticut have an average population of 446762.125 Counties in state Delaware have an average population of 299311.3333333333 Counties in state District of Columbia have an average population of 601723.0 Counties in state Florida have an average population of 280616.5671641791 Counties in state Georgia have an average population of 60928.63522012578 Counties in state Hawaii have an average population of 272060.2 Counties in state Idaho have an average population of 35626.86363636364 Counties in state Illinois have an average population of 125790.50980392157 Counties in state Indiana have an average population of 70476.10869565218 Counties in state Iowa have an average population of 30771.262626262625 Counties in state Kansas have an average population of 27172.55238095238 Counties in state Kentucky have an average population of 36161.39166666667 Counties in state Louisiana have an average population of 70833.9375 Counties in state Maine have an average population of 83022.5625 Counties in state Maryland have an average population of 240564.66666666666 Counties in state Massachusetts have an average population of 467687.78571428574 Counties in state Michigan have an average population of 119080.0 Counties in state Minnesota have an average population of 60964.65517241379 Counties in state Mississippi have an average population of 36186.54878048781 Counties in state Missouri have an average population of 52077.62608695652 Counties in state Montana have an average population of 17668.125 Counties in state Nebraska have an average population of 19638.075268817203 Counties in state Nevada have an average population of 158855.9411764706 Counties in state New Hampshire have an average population of 131647.0 Counties in state New Jersey have an average population of 418661.61904761905 Counties in state New Mexico have an average population of 62399.36363636364 Counties in state New York have an average population of 312550.03225806454 Counties in state North Carolina have an average population of 95354.83 Counties in state North Dakota have an average population of 12690.396226415094 Counties in state Ohio have an average population of 131096.63636363635 Counties in state Oklahoma have an average population of 48718.844155844155 Counties in state Oregon have an average population of 106418.72222222222 Counties in state Pennsylvania have an average population of 189587.74626865672 Counties in state Rhode Island have an average population of 210513.4 Counties in state South Carolina have an average population of 100551.39130434782 Counties in state South Dakota have an average population of 12336.060606060606 Counties in state Tennessee have an average population of 66801.1052631579 Counties in state Texas have an average population of 98998.27165354331 Counties in state Utah have an average population of 95306.37931034483 Counties in state Vermont have an average population of 44695.78571428572 Counties in state Virginia have an average population of 60111.29323308271 Counties in state Washington have an average population of 172424.10256410256 Counties in state West Virginia have an average population of 33690.8 Counties in state Wisconsin have an average population of 78985.91666666667 Counties in state Wyoming have an average population of 24505.478260869564 Counties in state Alabama have an average population of 71339.34328358209 Counties in state Alaska have an average population of 24490.724137931036 Counties in state Arizona have an average population of 426134.4666666667 Counties in state Arkansas have an average population of 38878.90666666667 Counties in state California have an average population of 642309.5862068966 Counties in state Colorado have an average population of 78581.1875 Counties in state Connecticut have an average population of 446762.125 Counties in state Delaware have an average population of 299311.3333333333 Counties in state District of Columbia have an average population of 601723.0 Counties in state Florida have an average population of 280616.5671641791 Counties in state Georgia have an average population of 60928.63522012578 Counties in state Hawaii have an average population of 272060.2 Counties in state Idaho have an average population of 35626.86363636364 Counties in state Illinois have an average population of 125790.50980392157 Counties in state Indiana have an average population of 70476.10869565218 Counties in state Iowa have an average population of 30771.262626262625 Counties in state Kansas have an average population of 27172.55238095238 Counties in state Kentucky have an average population of 36161.39166666667 Counties in state Louisiana have an average population of 70833.9375 Counties in state Maine have an average population of 83022.5625 Counties in state Maryland have an average population of 240564.66666666666 Counties in state Massachusetts have an average population of 467687.78571428574 Counties in state Michigan have an average population of 119080.0 Counties in state Minnesota have an average population of 60964.65517241379 Counties in state Mississippi have an average population of 36186.54878048781 Counties in state Missouri have an average population of 52077.62608695652 Counties in state Montana have an average population of 17668.125 Counties in state Nebraska have an average population of 19638.075268817203 Counties in state Nevada have an average population of 158855.9411764706 Counties in state New Hampshire have an average population of 131647.0 Counties in state New Jersey have an average population of 418661.61904761905 Counties in state New Mexico have an average population of 62399.36363636364 Counties in state New York have an average population of 312550.03225806454 Counties in state North Carolina have an average population of 95354.83 Counties in state North Dakota have an average population of 12690.396226415094 Counties in state Ohio have an average population of 131096.63636363635 Counties in state Oklahoma have an average population of 48718.844155844155 Counties in state Oregon have an average population of 106418.72222222222 Counties in state Pennsylvania have an average population of 189587.74626865672 Counties in state Rhode Island have an average population of 210513.4 Counties in state South Carolina have an average population of 100551.39130434782 Counties in state South Dakota have an average population of 12336.060606060606 Counties in state Tennessee have an average population of 66801.1052631579 Counties in state Texas have an average population of 98998.27165354331 Counties in state Utah have an average population of 95306.37931034483 Counties in state Vermont have an average population of 44695.78571428572 Counties in state Virginia have an average population of 60111.29323308271 Counties in state Washington have an average population of 172424.10256410256 Counties in state West Virginia have an average population of 33690.8 Counties in state Wisconsin have an average population of 78985.91666666667 Counties in state Wyoming have an average population of 24505.478260869564 Counties in state Alabama have an average population of 71339.34328358209 Counties in state Alaska have an average population of 24490.724137931036 Counties in state Arizona have an average population of 426134.4666666667 Counties in state Arkansas have an average population of 38878.90666666667 Counties in state California have an average population of 642309.5862068966 Counties in state Colorado have an average population of 78581.1875 Counties in state Connecticut have an average population of 446762.125 Counties in state Delaware have an average population of 299311.3333333333 Counties in state District of Columbia have an average population of 601723.0 Counties in state Florida have an average population of 280616.5671641791 Counties in state Georgia have an average population of 60928.63522012578 Counties in state Hawaii have an average population of 272060.2 Counties in state Idaho have an average population of 35626.86363636364 Counties in state Illinois have an average population of 125790.50980392157 Counties in state Indiana have an average population of 70476.10869565218 Counties in state Iowa have an average population of 30771.262626262625 Counties in state Kansas have an average population of 27172.55238095238 Counties in state Kentucky have an average population of 36161.39166666667 Counties in state Louisiana have an average population of 70833.9375 Counties in state Maine have an average population of 83022.5625 Counties in state Maryland have an average population of 240564.66666666666 Counties in state Massachusetts have an average population of 467687.78571428574 Counties in state Michigan have an average population of 119080.0 Counties in state Minnesota have an average population of 60964.65517241379 Counties in state Mississippi have an average population of 36186.54878048781 Counties in state Missouri have an average population of 52077.62608695652 Counties in state Montana have an average population of 17668.125 Counties in state Nebraska have an average population of 19638.075268817203 Counties in state Nevada have an average population of 158855.9411764706 Counties in state New Hampshire have an average population of 131647.0 Counties in state New Jersey have an average population of 418661.61904761905 Counties in state New Mexico have an average population of 62399.36363636364 Counties in state New York have an average population of 312550.03225806454 Counties in state North Carolina have an average population of 95354.83 Counties in state North Dakota have an average population of 12690.396226415094 Counties in state Ohio have an average population of 131096.63636363635 Counties in state Oklahoma have an average population of 48718.844155844155 Counties in state Oregon have an average population of 106418.72222222222 Counties in state Pennsylvania have an average population of 189587.74626865672 Counties in state Rhode Island have an average population of 210513.4 Counties in state South Carolina have an average population of 100551.39130434782 Counties in state South Dakota have an average population of 12336.060606060606 Counties in state Tennessee have an average population of 66801.1052631579 Counties in state Texas have an average population of 98998.27165354331 Counties in state Utah have an average population of 95306.37931034483 Counties in state Vermont have an average population of 44695.78571428572 Counties in state Virginia have an average population of 60111.29323308271 Counties in state Washington have an average population of 172424.10256410256 Counties in state West Virginia have an average population of 33690.8 Counties in state Wisconsin have an average population of 78985.91666666667 Counties in state Wyoming have an average population of 24505.478260869564 Counties in state Alabama have an average population of 71339.34328358209 Counties in state Alaska have an average population of 24490.724137931036 Counties in state Arizona have an average population of 426134.4666666667 Counties in state Arkansas have an average population of 38878.90666666667 Counties in state California have an average population of 642309.5862068966 Counties in state Colorado have an average population of 78581.1875 Counties in state Connecticut have an average population of 446762.125 Counties in state Delaware have an average population of 299311.3333333333 Counties in state District of Columbia have an average population of 601723.0 Counties in state Florida have an average population of 280616.5671641791 Counties in state Georgia have an average population of 60928.63522012578 Counties in state Hawaii have an average population of 272060.2 Counties in state Idaho have an average population of 35626.86363636364 Counties in state Illinois have an average population of 125790.50980392157 Counties in state Indiana have an average population of 70476.10869565218 Counties in state Iowa have an average population of 30771.262626262625 Counties in state Kansas have an average population of 27172.55238095238 Counties in state Kentucky have an average population of 36161.39166666667 Counties in state Louisiana have an average population of 70833.9375 Counties in state Maine have an average population of 83022.5625 Counties in state Maryland have an average population of 240564.66666666666 Counties in state Massachusetts have an average population of 467687.78571428574 Counties in state Michigan have an average population of 119080.0 Counties in state Minnesota have an average population of 60964.65517241379 Counties in state Mississippi have an average population of 36186.54878048781 Counties in state Missouri have an average population of 52077.62608695652 Counties in state Montana have an average population of 17668.125 Counties in state Nebraska have an average population of 19638.075268817203 Counties in state Nevada have an average population of 158855.9411764706 Counties in state New Hampshire have an average population of 131647.0 Counties in state New Jersey have an average population of 418661.61904761905 Counties in state New Mexico have an average population of 62399.36363636364 Counties in state New York have an average population of 312550.03225806454 Counties in state North Carolina have an average population of 95354.83 Counties in state North Dakota have an average population of 12690.396226415094 Counties in state Ohio have an average population of 131096.63636363635 Counties in state Oklahoma have an average population of 48718.844155844155 Counties in state Oregon have an average population of 106418.72222222222 Counties in state Pennsylvania have an average population of 189587.74626865672 Counties in state Rhode Island have an average population of 210513.4 Counties in state South Carolina have an average population of 100551.39130434782 Counties in state South Dakota have an average population of 12336.060606060606 Counties in state Tennessee have an average population of 66801.1052631579 Counties in state Texas have an average population of 98998.27165354331 Counties in state Utah have an average population of 95306.37931034483 Counties in state Vermont have an average population of 44695.78571428572 Counties in state Virginia have an average population of 60111.29323308271 Counties in state Washington have an average population of 172424.10256410256 Counties in state West Virginia have an average population of 33690.8 Counties in state Wisconsin have an average population of 78985.91666666667 Counties in state Wyoming have an average population of 24505.478260869564 Counties in state Alabama have an average population of 71339.34328358209 Counties in state Alaska have an average population of 24490.724137931036 Counties in state Arizona have an average population of 426134.4666666667 Counties in state Arkansas have an average population of 38878.90666666667 Counties in state California have an average population of 642309.5862068966 Counties in state Colorado have an average population of 78581.1875 Counties in state Connecticut have an average population of 446762.125 Counties in state Delaware have an average population of 299311.3333333333 Counties in state District of Columbia have an average population of 601723.0 Counties in state Florida have an average population of 280616.5671641791 Counties in state Georgia have an average population of 60928.63522012578 Counties in state Hawaii have an average population of 272060.2 Counties in state Idaho have an average population of 35626.86363636364 Counties in state Illinois have an average population of 125790.50980392157 Counties in state Indiana have an average population of 70476.10869565218 Counties in state Iowa have an average population of 30771.262626262625 Counties in state Kansas have an average population of 27172.55238095238 Counties in state Kentucky have an average population of 36161.39166666667 Counties in state Louisiana have an average population of 70833.9375 Counties in state Maine have an average population of 83022.5625 Counties in state Maryland have an average population of 240564.66666666666 Counties in state Massachusetts have an average population of 467687.78571428574 Counties in state Michigan have an average population of 119080.0 Counties in state Minnesota have an average population of 60964.65517241379 Counties in state Mississippi have an average population of 36186.54878048781 Counties in state Missouri have an average population of 52077.62608695652 Counties in state Montana have an average population of 17668.125 Counties in state Nebraska have an average population of 19638.075268817203 Counties in state Nevada have an average population of 158855.9411764706 Counties in state New Hampshire have an average population of 131647.0 Counties in state New Jersey have an average population of 418661.61904761905 Counties in state New Mexico have an average population of 62399.36363636364 Counties in state New York have an average population of 312550.03225806454 Counties in state North Carolina have an average population of 95354.83 Counties in state North Dakota have an average population of 12690.396226415094 Counties in state Ohio have an average population of 131096.63636363635 Counties in state Oklahoma have an average population of 48718.844155844155 Counties in state Oregon have an average population of 106418.72222222222 Counties in state Pennsylvania have an average population of 189587.74626865672 Counties in state Rhode Island have an average population of 210513.4 Counties in state South Carolina have an average population of 100551.39130434782 Counties in state South Dakota have an average population of 12336.060606060606 Counties in state Tennessee have an average population of 66801.1052631579 Counties in state Texas have an average population of 98998.27165354331 Counties in state Utah have an average population of 95306.37931034483 Counties in state Vermont have an average population of 44695.78571428572 Counties in state Virginia have an average population of 60111.29323308271 Counties in state Washington have an average population of 172424.10256410256 Counties in state West Virginia have an average population of 33690.8 Counties in state Wisconsin have an average population of 78985.91666666667 Counties in state Wyoming have an average population of 24505.478260869564 Counties in state Alabama have an average population of 71339.34328358209 Counties in state Alaska have an average population of 24490.724137931036 Counties in state Arizona have an average population of 426134.4666666667 Counties in state Arkansas have an average population of 38878.90666666667 Counties in state California have an average population of 642309.5862068966 Counties in state Colorado have an average population of 78581.1875 Counties in state Connecticut have an average population of 446762.125 Counties in state Delaware have an average population of 299311.3333333333 Counties in state District of Columbia have an average population of 601723.0 Counties in state Florida have an average population of 280616.5671641791 Counties in state Georgia have an average population of 60928.63522012578 Counties in state Hawaii have an average population of 272060.2 Counties in state Idaho have an average population of 35626.86363636364 Counties in state Illinois have an average population of 125790.50980392157 Counties in state Indiana have an average population of 70476.10869565218 Counties in state Iowa have an average population of 30771.262626262625 Counties in state Kansas have an average population of 27172.55238095238 Counties in state Kentucky have an average population of 36161.39166666667 Counties in state Louisiana have an average population of 70833.9375 Counties in state Maine have an average population of 83022.5625 Counties in state Maryland have an average population of 240564.66666666666 Counties in state Massachusetts have an average population of 467687.78571428574 Counties in state Michigan have an average population of 119080.0 Counties in state Minnesota have an average population of 60964.65517241379 Counties in state Mississippi have an average population of 36186.54878048781 Counties in state Missouri have an average population of 52077.62608695652 Counties in state Montana have an average population of 17668.125 Counties in state Nebraska have an average population of 19638.075268817203 Counties in state Nevada have an average population of 158855.9411764706 Counties in state New Hampshire have an average population of 131647.0 Counties in state New Jersey have an average population of 418661.61904761905 Counties in state New Mexico have an average population of 62399.36363636364 Counties in state New York have an average population of 312550.03225806454 Counties in state North Carolina have an average population of 95354.83 Counties in state North Dakota have an average population of 12690.396226415094 Counties in state Ohio have an average population of 131096.63636363635 Counties in state Oklahoma have an average population of 48718.844155844155 Counties in state Oregon have an average population of 106418.72222222222 Counties in state Pennsylvania have an average population of 189587.74626865672 Counties in state Rhode Island have an average population of 210513.4 Counties in state South Carolina have an average population of 100551.39130434782 Counties in state South Dakota have an average population of 12336.060606060606 Counties in state Tennessee have an average population of 66801.1052631579 Counties in state Texas have an average population of 98998.27165354331 Counties in state Utah have an average population of 95306.37931034483 Counties in state Vermont have an average population of 44695.78571428572 Counties in state Virginia have an average population of 60111.29323308271 Counties in state Washington have an average population of 172424.10256410256 Counties in state West Virginia have an average population of 33690.8 Counties in state Wisconsin have an average population of 78985.91666666667 Counties in state Wyoming have an average population of 24505.478260869564 Counties in state Alabama have an average population of 71339.34328358209 Counties in state Alaska have an average population of 24490.724137931036 Counties in state Arizona have an average population of 426134.4666666667 Counties in state Arkansas have an average population of 38878.90666666667 Counties in state California have an average population of 642309.5862068966 Counties in state Colorado have an average population of 78581.1875 Counties in state Connecticut have an average population of 446762.125 Counties in state Delaware have an average population of 299311.3333333333 Counties in state District of Columbia have an average population of 601723.0 Counties in state Florida have an average population of 280616.5671641791 Counties in state Georgia have an average population of 60928.63522012578 Counties in state Hawaii have an average population of 272060.2 Counties in state Idaho have an average population of 35626.86363636364 Counties in state Illinois have an average population of 125790.50980392157 Counties in state Indiana have an average population of 70476.10869565218 Counties in state Iowa have an average population of 30771.262626262625 Counties in state Kansas have an average population of 27172.55238095238 Counties in state Kentucky have an average population of 36161.39166666667 Counties in state Louisiana have an average population of 70833.9375 Counties in state Maine have an average population of 83022.5625 Counties in state Maryland have an average population of 240564.66666666666 Counties in state Massachusetts have an average population of 467687.78571428574 Counties in state Michigan have an average population of 119080.0 Counties in state Minnesota have an average population of 60964.65517241379 Counties in state Mississippi have an average population of 36186.54878048781 Counties in state Missouri have an average population of 52077.62608695652 Counties in state Montana have an average population of 17668.125 Counties in state Nebraska have an average population of 19638.075268817203 Counties in state Nevada have an average population of 158855.9411764706 Counties in state New Hampshire have an average population of 131647.0 Counties in state New Jersey have an average population of 418661.61904761905 Counties in state New Mexico have an average population of 62399.36363636364 Counties in state New York have an average population of 312550.03225806454 Counties in state North Carolina have an average population of 95354.83 Counties in state North Dakota have an average population of 12690.396226415094 Counties in state Ohio have an average population of 131096.63636363635 Counties in state Oklahoma have an average population of 48718.844155844155 Counties in state Oregon have an average population of 106418.72222222222 Counties in state Pennsylvania have an average population of 189587.74626865672 Counties in state Rhode Island have an average population of 210513.4 Counties in state South Carolina have an average population of 100551.39130434782 Counties in state South Dakota have an average population of 12336.060606060606 Counties in state Tennessee have an average population of 66801.1052631579 Counties in state Texas have an average population of 98998.27165354331 Counties in state Utah have an average population of 95306.37931034483 Counties in state Vermont have an average population of 44695.78571428572 Counties in state Virginia have an average population of 60111.29323308271 Counties in state Washington have an average population of 172424.10256410256 Counties in state West Virginia have an average population of 33690.8 Counties in state Wisconsin have an average population of 78985.91666666667 Counties in state Wyoming have an average population of 24505.478260869564 Counties in state Alabama have an average population of 71339.34328358209 Counties in state Alaska have an average population of 24490.724137931036 Counties in state Arizona have an average population of 426134.4666666667 Counties in state Arkansas have an average population of 38878.90666666667 Counties in state California have an average population of 642309.5862068966 Counties in state Colorado have an average population of 78581.1875 Counties in state Connecticut have an average population of 446762.125 Counties in state Delaware have an average population of 299311.3333333333 Counties in state District of Columbia have an average population of 601723.0 Counties in state Florida have an average population of 280616.5671641791 Counties in state Georgia have an average population of 60928.63522012578 Counties in state Hawaii have an average population of 272060.2 Counties in state Idaho have an average population of 35626.86363636364 Counties in state Illinois have an average population of 125790.50980392157 Counties in state Indiana have an average population of 70476.10869565218 Counties in state Iowa have an average population of 30771.262626262625 Counties in state Kansas have an average population of 27172.55238095238 Counties in state Kentucky have an average population of 36161.39166666667 Counties in state Louisiana have an average population of 70833.9375 Counties in state Maine have an average population of 83022.5625 Counties in state Maryland have an average population of 240564.66666666666 Counties in state Massachusetts have an average population of 467687.78571428574 Counties in state Michigan have an average population of 119080.0 Counties in state Minnesota have an average population of 60964.65517241379 Counties in state Mississippi have an average population of 36186.54878048781 Counties in state Missouri have an average population of 52077.62608695652 Counties in state Montana have an average population of 17668.125 Counties in state Nebraska have an average population of 19638.075268817203 Counties in state Nevada have an average population of 158855.9411764706 Counties in state New Hampshire have an average population of 131647.0 Counties in state New Jersey have an average population of 418661.61904761905 Counties in state New Mexico have an average population of 62399.36363636364 Counties in state New York have an average population of 312550.03225806454 Counties in state North Carolina have an average population of 95354.83 Counties in state North Dakota have an average population of 12690.396226415094 Counties in state Ohio have an average population of 131096.63636363635 Counties in state Oklahoma have an average population of 48718.844155844155 Counties in state Oregon have an average population of 106418.72222222222 Counties in state Pennsylvania have an average population of 189587.74626865672 Counties in state Rhode Island have an average population of 210513.4 Counties in state South Carolina have an average population of 100551.39130434782 Counties in state South Dakota have an average population of 12336.060606060606 Counties in state Tennessee have an average population of 66801.1052631579 Counties in state Texas have an average population of 98998.27165354331 Counties in state Utah have an average population of 95306.37931034483 Counties in state Vermont have an average population of 44695.78571428572 Counties in state Virginia have an average population of 60111.29323308271 Counties in state Washington have an average population of 172424.10256410256 Counties in state West Virginia have an average population of 33690.8 Counties in state Wisconsin have an average population of 78985.91666666667 Counties in state Wyoming have an average population of 24505.478260869564 Counties in state Alabama have an average population of 71339.34328358209 Counties in state Alaska have an average population of 24490.724137931036 Counties in state Arizona have an average population of 426134.4666666667 Counties in state Arkansas have an average population of 38878.90666666667 Counties in state California have an average population of 642309.5862068966 Counties in state Colorado have an average population of 78581.1875 Counties in state Connecticut have an average population of 446762.125 Counties in state Delaware have an average population of 299311.3333333333 Counties in state District of Columbia have an average population of 601723.0 Counties in state Florida have an average population of 280616.5671641791 Counties in state Georgia have an average population of 60928.63522012578 Counties in state Hawaii have an average population of 272060.2 Counties in state Idaho have an average population of 35626.86363636364 Counties in state Illinois have an average population of 125790.50980392157 Counties in state Indiana have an average population of 70476.10869565218 Counties in state Iowa have an average population of 30771.262626262625 Counties in state Kansas have an average population of 27172.55238095238 Counties in state Kentucky have an average population of 36161.39166666667 Counties in state Louisiana have an average population of 70833.9375 Counties in state Maine have an average population of 83022.5625 Counties in state Maryland have an average population of 240564.66666666666 Counties in state Massachusetts have an average population of 467687.78571428574 Counties in state Michigan have an average population of 119080.0 Counties in state Minnesota have an average population of 60964.65517241379 Counties in state Mississippi have an average population of 36186.54878048781 Counties in state Missouri have an average population of 52077.62608695652 Counties in state Montana have an average population of 17668.125 Counties in state Nebraska have an average population of 19638.075268817203 Counties in state Nevada have an average population of 158855.9411764706 Counties in state New Hampshire have an average population of 131647.0 Counties in state New Jersey have an average population of 418661.61904761905 Counties in state New Mexico have an average population of 62399.36363636364 Counties in state New York have an average population of 312550.03225806454 Counties in state North Carolina have an average population of 95354.83 Counties in state North Dakota have an average population of 12690.396226415094 Counties in state Ohio have an average population of 131096.63636363635 Counties in state Oklahoma have an average population of 48718.844155844155 Counties in state Oregon have an average population of 106418.72222222222 Counties in state Pennsylvania have an average population of 189587.74626865672 Counties in state Rhode Island have an average population of 210513.4 Counties in state South Carolina have an average population of 100551.39130434782 Counties in state South Dakota have an average population of 12336.060606060606 Counties in state Tennessee have an average population of 66801.1052631579 Counties in state Texas have an average population of 98998.27165354331 Counties in state Utah have an average population of 95306.37931034483 Counties in state Vermont have an average population of 44695.78571428572 Counties in state Virginia have an average population of 60111.29323308271 Counties in state Washington have an average population of 172424.10256410256 Counties in state West Virginia have an average population of 33690.8 Counties in state Wisconsin have an average population of 78985.91666666667 Counties in state Wyoming have an average population of 24505.478260869564 Counties in state Alabama have an average population of 71339.34328358209 Counties in state Alaska have an average population of 24490.724137931036 Counties in state Arizona have an average population of 426134.4666666667 Counties in state Arkansas have an average population of 38878.90666666667 Counties in state California have an average population of 642309.5862068966 Counties in state Colorado have an average population of 78581.1875 Counties in state Connecticut have an average population of 446762.125 Counties in state Delaware have an average population of 299311.3333333333 Counties in state District of Columbia have an average population of 601723.0 Counties in state Florida have an average population of 280616.5671641791 Counties in state Georgia have an average population of 60928.63522012578 Counties in state Hawaii have an average population of 272060.2 Counties in state Idaho have an average population of 35626.86363636364 Counties in state Illinois have an average population of 125790.50980392157 Counties in state Indiana have an average population of 70476.10869565218 Counties in state Iowa have an average population of 30771.262626262625 Counties in state Kansas have an average population of 27172.55238095238 Counties in state Kentucky have an average population of 36161.39166666667 Counties in state Louisiana have an average population of 70833.9375 Counties in state Maine have an average population of 83022.5625 Counties in state Maryland have an average population of 240564.66666666666 Counties in state Massachusetts have an average population of 467687.78571428574 Counties in state Michigan have an average population of 119080.0 Counties in state Minnesota have an average population of 60964.65517241379 Counties in state Mississippi have an average population of 36186.54878048781 Counties in state Missouri have an average population of 52077.62608695652 Counties in state Montana have an average population of 17668.125 Counties in state Nebraska have an average population of 19638.075268817203 Counties in state Nevada have an average population of 158855.9411764706 Counties in state New Hampshire have an average population of 131647.0 Counties in state New Jersey have an average population of 418661.61904761905 Counties in state New Mexico have an average population of 62399.36363636364 Counties in state New York have an average population of 312550.03225806454 Counties in state North Carolina have an average population of 95354.83 Counties in state North Dakota have an average population of 12690.396226415094 Counties in state Ohio have an average population of 131096.63636363635 Counties in state Oklahoma have an average population of 48718.844155844155 Counties in state Oregon have an average population of 106418.72222222222 Counties in state Pennsylvania have an average population of 189587.74626865672 Counties in state Rhode Island have an average population of 210513.4 Counties in state South Carolina have an average population of 100551.39130434782 Counties in state South Dakota have an average population of 12336.060606060606 Counties in state Tennessee have an average population of 66801.1052631579 Counties in state Texas have an average population of 98998.27165354331 Counties in state Utah have an average population of 95306.37931034483 Counties in state Vermont have an average population of 44695.78571428572 Counties in state Virginia have an average population of 60111.29323308271 Counties in state Washington have an average population of 172424.10256410256 Counties in state West Virginia have an average population of 33690.8 Counties in state Wisconsin have an average population of 78985.91666666667 Counties in state Wyoming have an average population of 24505.478260869564 Counties in state Alabama have an average population of 71339.34328358209 Counties in state Alaska have an average population of 24490.724137931036 Counties in state Arizona have an average population of 426134.4666666667 Counties in state Arkansas have an average population of 38878.90666666667 Counties in state California have an average population of 642309.5862068966 Counties in state Colorado have an average population of 78581.1875 Counties in state Connecticut have an average population of 446762.125 Counties in state Delaware have an average population of 299311.3333333333 Counties in state District of Columbia have an average population of 601723.0 Counties in state Florida have an average population of 280616.5671641791 Counties in state Georgia have an average population of 60928.63522012578 Counties in state Hawaii have an average population of 272060.2 Counties in state Idaho have an average population of 35626.86363636364 Counties in state Illinois have an average population of 125790.50980392157 Counties in state Indiana have an average population of 70476.10869565218 Counties in state Iowa have an average population of 30771.262626262625 Counties in state Kansas have an average population of 27172.55238095238 Counties in state Kentucky have an average population of 36161.39166666667 Counties in state Louisiana have an average population of 70833.9375 Counties in state Maine have an average population of 83022.5625 Counties in state Maryland have an average population of 240564.66666666666 Counties in state Massachusetts have an average population of 467687.78571428574 Counties in state Michigan have an average population of 119080.0 Counties in state Minnesota have an average population of 60964.65517241379 Counties in state Mississippi have an average population of 36186.54878048781 Counties in state Missouri have an average population of 52077.62608695652 Counties in state Montana have an average population of 17668.125 Counties in state Nebraska have an average population of 19638.075268817203 Counties in state Nevada have an average population of 158855.9411764706 Counties in state New Hampshire have an average population of 131647.0 Counties in state New Jersey have an average population of 418661.61904761905 Counties in state New Mexico have an average population of 62399.36363636364 Counties in state New York have an average population of 312550.03225806454 Counties in state North Carolina have an average population of 95354.83 Counties in state North Dakota have an average population of 12690.396226415094 Counties in state Ohio have an average population of 131096.63636363635 Counties in state Oklahoma have an average population of 48718.844155844155 Counties in state Oregon have an average population of 106418.72222222222 Counties in state Pennsylvania have an average population of 189587.74626865672 Counties in state Rhode Island have an average population of 210513.4 Counties in state South Carolina have an average population of 100551.39130434782 Counties in state South Dakota have an average population of 12336.060606060606 Counties in state Tennessee have an average population of 66801.1052631579 Counties in state Texas have an average population of 98998.27165354331 Counties in state Utah have an average population of 95306.37931034483 Counties in state Vermont have an average population of 44695.78571428572 Counties in state Virginia have an average population of 60111.29323308271 Counties in state Washington have an average population of 172424.10256410256 Counties in state West Virginia have an average population of 33690.8 Counties in state Wisconsin have an average population of 78985.91666666667 Counties in state Wyoming have an average population of 24505.478260869564 Counties in state Alabama have an average population of 71339.34328358209 Counties in state Alaska have an average population of 24490.724137931036 Counties in state Arizona have an average population of 426134.4666666667 Counties in state Arkansas have an average population of 38878.90666666667 Counties in state California have an average population of 642309.5862068966 Counties in state Colorado have an average population of 78581.1875 Counties in state Connecticut have an average population of 446762.125 Counties in state Delaware have an average population of 299311.3333333333 Counties in state District of Columbia have an average population of 601723.0 Counties in state Florida have an average population of 280616.5671641791 Counties in state Georgia have an average population of 60928.63522012578 Counties in state Hawaii have an average population of 272060.2 Counties in state Idaho have an average population of 35626.86363636364 Counties in state Illinois have an average population of 125790.50980392157 Counties in state Indiana have an average population of 70476.10869565218 Counties in state Iowa have an average population of 30771.262626262625 Counties in state Kansas have an average population of 27172.55238095238 Counties in state Kentucky have an average population of 36161.39166666667 Counties in state Louisiana have an average population of 70833.9375 Counties in state Maine have an average population of 83022.5625 Counties in state Maryland have an average population of 240564.66666666666 Counties in state Massachusetts have an average population of 467687.78571428574 Counties in state Michigan have an average population of 119080.0 Counties in state Minnesota have an average population of 60964.65517241379 Counties in state Mississippi have an average population of 36186.54878048781 Counties in state Missouri have an average population of 52077.62608695652 Counties in state Montana have an average population of 17668.125 Counties in state Nebraska have an average population of 19638.075268817203 Counties in state Nevada have an average population of 158855.9411764706 Counties in state New Hampshire have an average population of 131647.0 Counties in state New Jersey have an average population of 418661.61904761905 Counties in state New Mexico have an average population of 62399.36363636364 Counties in state New York have an average population of 312550.03225806454 Counties in state North Carolina have an average population of 95354.83 Counties in state North Dakota have an average population of 12690.396226415094 Counties in state Ohio have an average population of 131096.63636363635 Counties in state Oklahoma have an average population of 48718.844155844155 Counties in state Oregon have an average population of 106418.72222222222 Counties in state Pennsylvania have an average population of 189587.74626865672 Counties in state Rhode Island have an average population of 210513.4 Counties in state South Carolina have an average population of 100551.39130434782 Counties in state South Dakota have an average population of 12336.060606060606 Counties in state Tennessee have an average population of 66801.1052631579 Counties in state Texas have an average population of 98998.27165354331 Counties in state Utah have an average population of 95306.37931034483 Counties in state Vermont have an average population of 44695.78571428572 Counties in state Virginia have an average population of 60111.29323308271 Counties in state Washington have an average population of 172424.10256410256 Counties in state West Virginia have an average population of 33690.8 Counties in state Wisconsin have an average population of 78985.91666666667 Counties in state Wyoming have an average population of 24505.478260869564 Counties in state Alabama have an average population of 71339.34328358209 Counties in state Alaska have an average population of 24490.724137931036 Counties in state Arizona have an average population of 426134.4666666667 Counties in state Arkansas have an average population of 38878.90666666667 Counties in state California have an average population of 642309.5862068966 Counties in state Colorado have an average population of 78581.1875 Counties in state Connecticut have an average population of 446762.125 Counties in state Delaware have an average population of 299311.3333333333 Counties in state District of Columbia have an average population of 601723.0 Counties in state Florida have an average population of 280616.5671641791 Counties in state Georgia have an average population of 60928.63522012578 Counties in state Hawaii have an average population of 272060.2 Counties in state Idaho have an average population of 35626.86363636364 Counties in state Illinois have an average population of 125790.50980392157 Counties in state Indiana have an average population of 70476.10869565218 Counties in state Iowa have an average population of 30771.262626262625 Counties in state Kansas have an average population of 27172.55238095238 Counties in state Kentucky have an average population of 36161.39166666667 Counties in state Louisiana have an average population of 70833.9375 Counties in state Maine have an average population of 83022.5625 Counties in state Maryland have an average population of 240564.66666666666 Counties in state Massachusetts have an average population of 467687.78571428574 Counties in state Michigan have an average population of 119080.0 Counties in state Minnesota have an average population of 60964.65517241379 Counties in state Mississippi have an average population of 36186.54878048781 Counties in state Missouri have an average population of 52077.62608695652 Counties in state Montana have an average population of 17668.125 Counties in state Nebraska have an average population of 19638.075268817203 Counties in state Nevada have an average population of 158855.9411764706 Counties in state New Hampshire have an average population of 131647.0 Counties in state New Jersey have an average population of 418661.61904761905 Counties in state New Mexico have an average population of 62399.36363636364 Counties in state New York have an average population of 312550.03225806454 Counties in state North Carolina have an average population of 95354.83 Counties in state North Dakota have an average population of 12690.396226415094 Counties in state Ohio have an average population of 131096.63636363635 Counties in state Oklahoma have an average population of 48718.844155844155 Counties in state Oregon have an average population of 106418.72222222222 Counties in state Pennsylvania have an average population of 189587.74626865672 Counties in state Rhode Island have an average population of 210513.4 Counties in state South Carolina have an average population of 100551.39130434782 Counties in state South Dakota have an average population of 12336.060606060606 Counties in state Tennessee have an average population of 66801.1052631579 Counties in state Texas have an average population of 98998.27165354331 Counties in state Utah have an average population of 95306.37931034483 Counties in state Vermont have an average population of 44695.78571428572 Counties in state Virginia have an average population of 60111.29323308271 Counties in state Washington have an average population of 172424.10256410256 Counties in state West Virginia have an average population of 33690.8 Counties in state Wisconsin have an average population of 78985.91666666667 Counties in state Wyoming have an average population of 24505.478260869564 Counties in state Alabama have an average population of 71339.34328358209 Counties in state Alaska have an average population of 24490.724137931036 Counties in state Arizona have an average population of 426134.4666666667 Counties in state Arkansas have an average population of 38878.90666666667 Counties in state California have an average population of 642309.5862068966 Counties in state Colorado have an average population of 78581.1875 Counties in state Connecticut have an average population of 446762.125 Counties in state Delaware have an average population of 299311.3333333333 Counties in state District of Columbia have an average population of 601723.0 Counties in state Florida have an average population of 280616.5671641791 Counties in state Georgia have an average population of 60928.63522012578 Counties in state Hawaii have an average population of 272060.2 Counties in state Idaho have an average population of 35626.86363636364 Counties in state Illinois have an average population of 125790.50980392157 Counties in state Indiana have an average population of 70476.10869565218 Counties in state Iowa have an average population of 30771.262626262625 Counties in state Kansas have an average population of 27172.55238095238 Counties in state Kentucky have an average population of 36161.39166666667 Counties in state Louisiana have an average population of 70833.9375 Counties in state Maine have an average population of 83022.5625 Counties in state Maryland have an average population of 240564.66666666666 Counties in state Massachusetts have an average population of 467687.78571428574 Counties in state Michigan have an average population of 119080.0 Counties in state Minnesota have an average population of 60964.65517241379 Counties in state Mississippi have an average population of 36186.54878048781 Counties in state Missouri have an average population of 52077.62608695652 Counties in state Montana have an average population of 17668.125 Counties in state Nebraska have an average population of 19638.075268817203 Counties in state Nevada have an average population of 158855.9411764706 Counties in state New Hampshire have an average population of 131647.0 Counties in state New Jersey have an average population of 418661.61904761905 Counties in state New Mexico have an average population of 62399.36363636364 Counties in state New York have an average population of 312550.03225806454 Counties in state North Carolina have an average population of 95354.83 Counties in state North Dakota have an average population of 12690.396226415094 Counties in state Ohio have an average population of 131096.63636363635 Counties in state Oklahoma have an average population of 48718.844155844155 Counties in state Oregon have an average population of 106418.72222222222 Counties in state Pennsylvania have an average population of 189587.74626865672 Counties in state Rhode Island have an average population of 210513.4 Counties in state South Carolina have an average population of 100551.39130434782 Counties in state South Dakota have an average population of 12336.060606060606 Counties in state Tennessee have an average population of 66801.1052631579 Counties in state Texas have an average population of 98998.27165354331 Counties in state Utah have an average population of 95306.37931034483 Counties in state Vermont have an average population of 44695.78571428572 Counties in state Virginia have an average population of 60111.29323308271 Counties in state Washington have an average population of 172424.10256410256 Counties in state West Virginia have an average population of 33690.8 Counties in state Wisconsin have an average population of 78985.91666666667 Counties in state Wyoming have an average population of 24505.478260869564 Counties in state Alabama have an average population of 71339.34328358209 Counties in state Alaska have an average population of 24490.724137931036 Counties in state Arizona have an average population of 426134.4666666667 Counties in state Arkansas have an average population of 38878.90666666667 Counties in state California have an average population of 642309.5862068966 Counties in state Colorado have an average population of 78581.1875 Counties in state Connecticut have an average population of 446762.125 Counties in state Delaware have an average population of 299311.3333333333 Counties in state District of Columbia have an average population of 601723.0 Counties in state Florida have an average population of 280616.5671641791 Counties in state Georgia have an average population of 60928.63522012578 Counties in state Hawaii have an average population of 272060.2 Counties in state Idaho have an average population of 35626.86363636364 Counties in state Illinois have an average population of 125790.50980392157 Counties in state Indiana have an average population of 70476.10869565218 Counties in state Iowa have an average population of 30771.262626262625 Counties in state Kansas have an average population of 27172.55238095238 Counties in state Kentucky have an average population of 36161.39166666667 Counties in state Louisiana have an average population of 70833.9375 Counties in state Maine have an average population of 83022.5625 Counties in state Maryland have an average population of 240564.66666666666 Counties in state Massachusetts have an average population of 467687.78571428574 Counties in state Michigan have an average population of 119080.0 Counties in state Minnesota have an average population of 60964.65517241379 Counties in state Mississippi have an average population of 36186.54878048781 Counties in state Missouri have an average population of 52077.62608695652 Counties in state Montana have an average population of 17668.125 Counties in state Nebraska have an average population of 19638.075268817203 Counties in state Nevada have an average population of 158855.9411764706 Counties in state New Hampshire have an average population of 131647.0 Counties in state New Jersey have an average population of 418661.61904761905 Counties in state New Mexico have an average population of 62399.36363636364 Counties in state New York have an average population of 312550.03225806454 Counties in state North Carolina have an average population of 95354.83 Counties in state North Dakota have an average population of 12690.396226415094 Counties in state Ohio have an average population of 131096.63636363635 Counties in state Oklahoma have an average population of 48718.844155844155 Counties in state Oregon have an average population of 106418.72222222222 Counties in state Pennsylvania have an average population of 189587.74626865672 Counties in state Rhode Island have an average population of 210513.4 Counties in state South Carolina have an average population of 100551.39130434782 Counties in state South Dakota have an average population of 12336.060606060606 Counties in state Tennessee have an average population of 66801.1052631579 Counties in state Texas have an average population of 98998.27165354331 Counties in state Utah have an average population of 95306.37931034483 Counties in state Vermont have an average population of 44695.78571428572 Counties in state Virginia have an average population of 60111.29323308271 Counties in state Washington have an average population of 172424.10256410256 Counties in state West Virginia have an average population of 33690.8 Counties in state Wisconsin have an average population of 78985.91666666667 Counties in state Wyoming have an average population of 24505.478260869564 Counties in state Alabama have an average population of 71339.34328358209 Counties in state Alaska have an average population of 24490.724137931036 Counties in state Arizona have an average population of 426134.4666666667 Counties in state Arkansas have an average population of 38878.90666666667 Counties in state California have an average population of 642309.5862068966 Counties in state Colorado have an average population of 78581.1875 Counties in state Connecticut have an average population of 446762.125 Counties in state Delaware have an average population of 299311.3333333333 Counties in state District of Columbia have an average population of 601723.0 Counties in state Florida have an average population of 280616.5671641791 Counties in state Georgia have an average population of 60928.63522012578 Counties in state Hawaii have an average population of 272060.2 Counties in state Idaho have an average population of 35626.86363636364 Counties in state Illinois have an average population of 125790.50980392157 Counties in state Indiana have an average population of 70476.10869565218 Counties in state Iowa have an average population of 30771.262626262625 Counties in state Kansas have an average population of 27172.55238095238 Counties in state Kentucky have an average population of 36161.39166666667 Counties in state Louisiana have an average population of 70833.9375 Counties in state Maine have an average population of 83022.5625 Counties in state Maryland have an average population of 240564.66666666666 Counties in state Massachusetts have an average population of 467687.78571428574 Counties in state Michigan have an average population of 119080.0 Counties in state Minnesota have an average population of 60964.65517241379 Counties in state Mississippi have an average population of 36186.54878048781 Counties in state Missouri have an average population of 52077.62608695652 Counties in state Montana have an average population of 17668.125 Counties in state Nebraska have an average population of 19638.075268817203 Counties in state Nevada have an average population of 158855.9411764706 Counties in state New Hampshire have an average population of 131647.0 Counties in state New Jersey have an average population of 418661.61904761905 Counties in state New Mexico have an average population of 62399.36363636364 Counties in state New York have an average population of 312550.03225806454 Counties in state North Carolina have an average population of 95354.83 Counties in state North Dakota have an average population of 12690.396226415094 Counties in state Ohio have an average population of 131096.63636363635 Counties in state Oklahoma have an average population of 48718.844155844155 Counties in state Oregon have an average population of 106418.72222222222 Counties in state Pennsylvania have an average population of 189587.74626865672 Counties in state Rhode Island have an average population of 210513.4 Counties in state South Carolina have an average population of 100551.39130434782 Counties in state South Dakota have an average population of 12336.060606060606 Counties in state Tennessee have an average population of 66801.1052631579 Counties in state Texas have an average population of 98998.27165354331 Counties in state Utah have an average population of 95306.37931034483 Counties in state Vermont have an average population of 44695.78571428572 Counties in state Virginia have an average population of 60111.29323308271 Counties in state Washington have an average population of 172424.10256410256 Counties in state West Virginia have an average population of 33690.8 Counties in state Wisconsin have an average population of 78985.91666666667 Counties in state Wyoming have an average population of 24505.478260869564 4.62 s ± 230 ms per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 3 loops each) 
# If you scroll down to the bottom of that output you can see it takes a fair bit of time to finish.
# Now let's try another approach using groupby()

%%timeit -n 3
# For this method, we start by telling pandas we're interested in grouping by state name, this is the "split"
for group, frame in df.groupby('STNAME'):
    # You'll notice there are two values we set here. groupby() returns a tuple, where the first value is the
    # value of the key we were trying to group by, in this case a specific state name, and the second one is
    # projected dataframe that was found for that group
    
    # Now we include our logic in the "apply" step, which is to calculate an average of the census2010pop
    avg = np.average(frame['CENSUS2010POP'])
    # And print the results
    print('Counties in state ' + group + 
          ' have an average population of ' + str(avg))
# And we don't have to worry about the combine step in this case, because all of our data transformation is
# actually printing out results.
Counties in state Alabama have an average population of 71339.34328358209 Counties in state Alaska have an average population of 24490.724137931036 Counties in state Arizona have an average population of 426134.4666666667 Counties in state Arkansas have an average population of 38878.90666666667 Counties in state California have an average population of 642309.5862068966 Counties in state Colorado have an average population of 78581.1875 Counties in state Connecticut have an average population of 446762.125 Counties in state Delaware have an average population of 299311.3333333333 Counties in state District of Columbia have an average population of 601723.0 Counties in state Florida have an average population of 280616.5671641791 Counties in state Georgia have an average population of 60928.63522012578 Counties in state Hawaii have an average population of 272060.2 Counties in state Idaho have an average population of 35626.86363636364 Counties in state Illinois have an average population of 125790.50980392157 Counties in state Indiana have an average population of 70476.10869565218 Counties in state Iowa have an average population of 30771.262626262625 Counties in state Kansas have an average population of 27172.55238095238 Counties in state Kentucky have an average population of 36161.39166666667 Counties in state Louisiana have an average population of 70833.9375 Counties in state Maine have an average population of 83022.5625 Counties in state Maryland have an average population of 240564.66666666666 Counties in state Massachusetts have an average population of 467687.78571428574 Counties in state Michigan have an average population of 119080.0 Counties in state Minnesota have an average population of 60964.65517241379 Counties in state Mississippi have an average population of 36186.54878048781 Counties in state Missouri have an average population of 52077.62608695652 Counties in state Montana have an average population of 17668.125 Counties in state Nebraska have an average population of 19638.075268817203 Counties in state Nevada have an average population of 158855.9411764706 Counties in state New Hampshire have an average population of 131647.0 Counties in state New Jersey have an average population of 418661.61904761905 Counties in state New Mexico have an average population of 62399.36363636364 Counties in state New York have an average population of 312550.03225806454 Counties in state North Carolina have an average population of 95354.83 Counties in state North Dakota have an average population of 12690.396226415094 Counties in state Ohio have an average population of 131096.63636363635 Counties in state Oklahoma have an average population of 48718.844155844155 Counties in state Oregon have an average population of 106418.72222222222 Counties in state Pennsylvania have an average population of 189587.74626865672 Counties in state Rhode Island have an average population of 210513.4 Counties in state South Carolina have an average population of 100551.39130434782 Counties in state South Dakota have an average population of 12336.060606060606 Counties in state Tennessee have an average population of 66801.1052631579 Counties in state Texas have an average population of 98998.27165354331 Counties in state Utah have an average population of 95306.37931034483 Counties in state Vermont have an average population of 44695.78571428572 Counties in state Virginia have an average population of 60111.29323308271 Counties in state Washington have an average population of 172424.10256410256 Counties in state West Virginia have an average population of 33690.8 Counties in state Wisconsin have an average population of 78985.91666666667 Counties in state Wyoming have an average population of 24505.478260869564 Counties in state Alabama have an average population of 71339.34328358209 Counties in state Alaska have an average population of 24490.724137931036 Counties in state Arizona have an average population of 426134.4666666667 Counties in state Arkansas have an average population of 38878.90666666667 Counties in state California have an average population of 642309.5862068966 Counties in state Colorado have an average population of 78581.1875 Counties in state Connecticut have an average population of 446762.125 Counties in state Delaware have an average population of 299311.3333333333 Counties in state District of Columbia have an average population of 601723.0 Counties in state Florida have an average population of 280616.5671641791 Counties in state Georgia have an average population of 60928.63522012578 Counties in state Hawaii have an average population of 272060.2 Counties in state Idaho have an average population of 35626.86363636364 Counties in state Illinois have an average population of 125790.50980392157 Counties in state Indiana have an average population of 70476.10869565218 Counties in state Iowa have an average population of 30771.262626262625 Counties in state Kansas have an average population of 27172.55238095238 Counties in state Kentucky have an average population of 36161.39166666667 Counties in state Louisiana have an average population of 70833.9375 Counties in state Maine have an average population of 83022.5625 Counties in state Maryland have an average population of 240564.66666666666 Counties in state Massachusetts have an average population of 467687.78571428574 Counties in state Michigan have an average population of 119080.0 Counties in state Minnesota have an average population of 60964.65517241379 Counties in state Mississippi have an average population of 36186.54878048781 Counties in state Missouri have an average population of 52077.62608695652 Counties in state Montana have an average population of 17668.125 Counties in state Nebraska have an average population of 19638.075268817203 Counties in state Nevada have an average population of 158855.9411764706 Counties in state New Hampshire have an average population of 131647.0 Counties in state New Jersey have an average population of 418661.61904761905 Counties in state New Mexico have an average population of 62399.36363636364 Counties in state New York have an average population of 312550.03225806454 Counties in state North Carolina have an average population of 95354.83 Counties in state North Dakota have an average population of 12690.396226415094 Counties in state Ohio have an average population of 131096.63636363635 Counties in state Oklahoma have an average population of 48718.844155844155 Counties in state Oregon have an average population of 106418.72222222222 Counties in state Pennsylvania have an average population of 189587.74626865672 Counties in state Rhode Island have an average population of 210513.4 Counties in state South Carolina have an average population of 100551.39130434782 Counties in state South Dakota have an average population of 12336.060606060606 Counties in state Tennessee have an average population of 66801.1052631579 Counties in state Texas have an average population of 98998.27165354331 Counties in state Utah have an average population of 95306.37931034483 Counties in state Vermont have an average population of 44695.78571428572 Counties in state Virginia have an average population of 60111.29323308271 Counties in state Washington have an average population of 172424.10256410256 Counties in state West Virginia have an average population of 33690.8 Counties in state Wisconsin have an average population of 78985.91666666667 Counties in state Wyoming have an average population of 24505.478260869564 Counties in state Alabama have an average population of 71339.34328358209 Counties in state Alaska have an average population of 24490.724137931036 Counties in state Arizona have an average population of 426134.4666666667 Counties in state Arkansas have an average population of 38878.90666666667 Counties in state California have an average population of 642309.5862068966 Counties in state Colorado have an average population of 78581.1875 Counties in state Connecticut have an average population of 446762.125 Counties in state Delaware have an average population of 299311.3333333333 Counties in state District of Columbia have an average population of 601723.0 Counties in state Florida have an average population of 280616.5671641791 Counties in state Georgia have an average population of 60928.63522012578 Counties in state Hawaii have an average population of 272060.2 Counties in state Idaho have an average population of 35626.86363636364 Counties in state Illinois have an average population of 125790.50980392157 Counties in state Indiana have an average population of 70476.10869565218 Counties in state Iowa have an average population of 30771.262626262625 Counties in state Kansas have an average population of 27172.55238095238 Counties in state Kentucky have an average population of 36161.39166666667 Counties in state Louisiana have an average population of 70833.9375 Counties in state Maine have an average population of 83022.5625 Counties in state Maryland have an average population of 240564.66666666666 Counties in state Massachusetts have an average population of 467687.78571428574 Counties in state Michigan have an average population of 119080.0 Counties in state Minnesota have an average population of 60964.65517241379 Counties in state Mississippi have an average population of 36186.54878048781 Counties in state Missouri have an average population of 52077.62608695652 Counties in state Montana have an average population of 17668.125 Counties in state Nebraska have an average population of 19638.075268817203 Counties in state Nevada have an average population of 158855.9411764706 Counties in state New Hampshire have an average population of 131647.0 Counties in state New Jersey have an average population of 418661.61904761905 Counties in state New Mexico have an average population of 62399.36363636364 Counties in state New York have an average population of 312550.03225806454 Counties in state North Carolina have an average population of 95354.83 Counties in state North Dakota have an average population of 12690.396226415094 Counties in state Ohio have an average population of 131096.63636363635 Counties in state Oklahoma have an average population of 48718.844155844155 Counties in state Oregon have an average population of 106418.72222222222 Counties in state Pennsylvania have an average population of 189587.74626865672 Counties in state Rhode Island have an average population of 210513.4 Counties in state South Carolina have an average population of 100551.39130434782 Counties in state South Dakota have an average population of 12336.060606060606 Counties in state Tennessee have an average population of 66801.1052631579 Counties in state Texas have an average population of 98998.27165354331 Counties in state Utah have an average population of 95306.37931034483 Counties in state Vermont have an average population of 44695.78571428572 Counties in state Virginia have an average population of 60111.29323308271 Counties in state Washington have an average population of 172424.10256410256 Counties in state West Virginia have an average population of 33690.8 Counties in state Wisconsin have an average population of 78985.91666666667 Counties in state Wyoming have an average population of 24505.478260869564 Counties in state Alabama have an average population of 71339.34328358209 Counties in state Alaska have an average population of 24490.724137931036 Counties in state Arizona have an average population of 426134.4666666667 Counties in state Arkansas have an average population of 38878.90666666667 Counties in state California have an average population of 642309.5862068966 Counties in state Colorado have an average population of 78581.1875 Counties in state Connecticut have an average population of 446762.125 Counties in state Delaware have an average population of 299311.3333333333 Counties in state District of Columbia have an average population of 601723.0 Counties in state Florida have an average population of 280616.5671641791 Counties in state Georgia have an average population of 60928.63522012578 Counties in state Hawaii have an average population of 272060.2 Counties in state Idaho have an average population of 35626.86363636364 Counties in state Illinois have an average population of 125790.50980392157 Counties in state Indiana have an average population of 70476.10869565218 Counties in state Iowa have an average population of 30771.262626262625 Counties in state Kansas have an average population of 27172.55238095238 Counties in state Kentucky have an average population of 36161.39166666667 Counties in state Louisiana have an average population of 70833.9375 Counties in state Maine have an average population of 83022.5625 Counties in state Maryland have an average population of 240564.66666666666 Counties in state Massachusetts have an average population of 467687.78571428574 Counties in state Michigan have an average population of 119080.0 Counties in state Minnesota have an average population of 60964.65517241379 Counties in state Mississippi have an average population of 36186.54878048781 Counties in state Missouri have an average population of 52077.62608695652 Counties in state Montana have an average population of 17668.125 Counties in state Nebraska have an average population of 19638.075268817203 Counties in state Nevada have an average population of 158855.9411764706 Counties in state New Hampshire have an average population of 131647.0 Counties in state New Jersey have an average population of 418661.61904761905 Counties in state New Mexico have an average population of 62399.36363636364 Counties in state New York have an average population of 312550.03225806454 Counties in state North Carolina have an average population of 95354.83 Counties in state North Dakota have an average population of 12690.396226415094 Counties in state Ohio have an average population of 131096.63636363635 Counties in state Oklahoma have an average population of 48718.844155844155 Counties in state Oregon have an average population of 106418.72222222222 Counties in state Pennsylvania have an average population of 189587.74626865672 Counties in state Rhode Island have an average population of 210513.4 Counties in state South Carolina have an average population of 100551.39130434782 Counties in state South Dakota have an average population of 12336.060606060606 Counties in state Tennessee have an average population of 66801.1052631579 Counties in state Texas have an average population of 98998.27165354331 Counties in state Utah have an average population of 95306.37931034483 Counties in state Vermont have an average population of 44695.78571428572 Counties in state Virginia have an average population of 60111.29323308271 Counties in state Washington have an average population of 172424.10256410256 Counties in state West Virginia have an average population of 33690.8 Counties in state Wisconsin have an average population of 78985.91666666667 Counties in state Wyoming have an average population of 24505.478260869564 Counties in state Alabama have an average population of 71339.34328358209 Counties in state Alaska have an average population of 24490.724137931036 Counties in state Arizona have an average population of 426134.4666666667 Counties in state Arkansas have an average population of 38878.90666666667 Counties in state California have an average population of 642309.5862068966 Counties in state Colorado have an average population of 78581.1875 Counties in state Connecticut have an average population of 446762.125 Counties in state Delaware have an average population of 299311.3333333333 Counties in state District of Columbia have an average population of 601723.0 Counties in state Florida have an average population of 280616.5671641791 Counties in state Georgia have an average population of 60928.63522012578 Counties in state Hawaii have an average population of 272060.2 Counties in state Idaho have an average population of 35626.86363636364 Counties in state Illinois have an average population of 125790.50980392157 Counties in state Indiana have an average population of 70476.10869565218 Counties in state Iowa have an average population of 30771.262626262625 Counties in state Kansas have an average population of 27172.55238095238 Counties in state Kentucky have an average population of 36161.39166666667 Counties in state Louisiana have an average population of 70833.9375 Counties in state Maine have an average population of 83022.5625 Counties in state Maryland have an average population of 240564.66666666666 Counties in state Massachusetts have an average population of 467687.78571428574 Counties in state Michigan have an average population of 119080.0 Counties in state Minnesota have an average population of 60964.65517241379 Counties in state Mississippi have an average population of 36186.54878048781 Counties in state Missouri have an average population of 52077.62608695652 Counties in state Montana have an average population of 17668.125 Counties in state Nebraska have an average population of 19638.075268817203 Counties in state Nevada have an average population of 158855.9411764706 Counties in state New Hampshire have an average population of 131647.0 Counties in state New Jersey have an average population of 418661.61904761905 Counties in state New Mexico have an average population of 62399.36363636364 Counties in state New York have an average population of 312550.03225806454 Counties in state North Carolina have an average population of 95354.83 Counties in state North Dakota have an average population of 12690.396226415094 Counties in state Ohio have an average population of 131096.63636363635 Counties in state Oklahoma have an average population of 48718.844155844155 Counties in state Oregon have an average population of 106418.72222222222 Counties in state Pennsylvania have an average population of 189587.74626865672 Counties in state Rhode Island have an average population of 210513.4 Counties in state South Carolina have an average population of 100551.39130434782 Counties in state South Dakota have an average population of 12336.060606060606 Counties in state Tennessee have an average population of 66801.1052631579 Counties in state Texas have an average population of 98998.27165354331 Counties in state Utah have an average population of 95306.37931034483 Counties in state Vermont have an average population of 44695.78571428572 Counties in state Virginia have an average population of 60111.29323308271 Counties in state Washington have an average population of 172424.10256410256 Counties in state West Virginia have an average population of 33690.8 Counties in state Wisconsin have an average population of 78985.91666666667 Counties in state Wyoming have an average population of 24505.478260869564 Counties in state Alabama have an average population of 71339.34328358209 Counties in state Alaska have an average population of 24490.724137931036 Counties in state Arizona have an average population of 426134.4666666667 Counties in state Arkansas have an average population of 38878.90666666667 Counties in state California have an average population of 642309.5862068966 Counties in state Colorado have an average population of 78581.1875 Counties in state Connecticut have an average population of 446762.125 Counties in state Delaware have an average population of 299311.3333333333 Counties in state District of Columbia have an average population of 601723.0 Counties in state Florida have an average population of 280616.5671641791 Counties in state Georgia have an average population of 60928.63522012578 Counties in state Hawaii have an average population of 272060.2 Counties in state Idaho have an average population of 35626.86363636364 Counties in state Illinois have an average population of 125790.50980392157 Counties in state Indiana have an average population of 70476.10869565218 Counties in state Iowa have an average population of 30771.262626262625 Counties in state Kansas have an average population of 27172.55238095238 Counties in state Kentucky have an average population of 36161.39166666667 Counties in state Louisiana have an average population of 70833.9375 Counties in state Maine have an average population of 83022.5625 Counties in state Maryland have an average population of 240564.66666666666 Counties in state Massachusetts have an average population of 467687.78571428574 Counties in state Michigan have an average population of 119080.0 Counties in state Minnesota have an average population of 60964.65517241379 Counties in state Mississippi have an average population of 36186.54878048781 Counties in state Missouri have an average population of 52077.62608695652 Counties in state Montana have an average population of 17668.125 Counties in state Nebraska have an average population of 19638.075268817203 Counties in state Nevada have an average population of 158855.9411764706 Counties in state New Hampshire have an average population of 131647.0 Counties in state New Jersey have an average population of 418661.61904761905 Counties in state New Mexico have an average population of 62399.36363636364 Counties in state New York have an average population of 312550.03225806454 Counties in state North Carolina have an average population of 95354.83 Counties in state North Dakota have an average population of 12690.396226415094 Counties in state Ohio have an average population of 131096.63636363635 Counties in state Oklahoma have an average population of 48718.844155844155 Counties in state Oregon have an average population of 106418.72222222222 Counties in state Pennsylvania have an average population of 189587.74626865672 Counties in state Rhode Island have an average population of 210513.4 Counties in state South Carolina have an average population of 100551.39130434782 Counties in state South Dakota have an average population of 12336.060606060606 Counties in state Tennessee have an average population of 66801.1052631579 Counties in state Texas have an average population of 98998.27165354331 Counties in state Utah have an average population of 95306.37931034483 Counties in state Vermont have an average population of 44695.78571428572 Counties in state Virginia have an average population of 60111.29323308271 Counties in state Washington have an average population of 172424.10256410256 Counties in state West Virginia have an average population of 33690.8 Counties in state Wisconsin have an average population of 78985.91666666667 Counties in state Wyoming have an average population of 24505.478260869564 Counties in state Alabama have an average population of 71339.34328358209 Counties in state Alaska have an average population of 24490.724137931036 Counties in state Arizona have an average population of 426134.4666666667 Counties in state Arkansas have an average population of 38878.90666666667 Counties in state California have an average population of 642309.5862068966 Counties in state Colorado have an average population of 78581.1875 Counties in state Connecticut have an average population of 446762.125 Counties in state Delaware have an average population of 299311.3333333333 Counties in state District of Columbia have an average population of 601723.0 Counties in state Florida have an average population of 280616.5671641791 Counties in state Georgia have an average population of 60928.63522012578 Counties in state Hawaii have an average population of 272060.2 Counties in state Idaho have an average population of 35626.86363636364 Counties in state Illinois have an average population of 125790.50980392157 Counties in state Indiana have an average population of 70476.10869565218 Counties in state Iowa have an average population of 30771.262626262625 Counties in state Kansas have an average population of 27172.55238095238 Counties in state Kentucky have an average population of 36161.39166666667 Counties in state Louisiana have an average population of 70833.9375 Counties in state Maine have an average population of 83022.5625 Counties in state Maryland have an average population of 240564.66666666666 Counties in state Massachusetts have an average population of 467687.78571428574 Counties in state Michigan have an average population of 119080.0 Counties in state Minnesota have an average population of 60964.65517241379 Counties in state Mississippi have an average population of 36186.54878048781 Counties in state Missouri have an average population of 52077.62608695652 Counties in state Montana have an average population of 17668.125 Counties in state Nebraska have an average population of 19638.075268817203 Counties in state Nevada have an average population of 158855.9411764706 Counties in state New Hampshire have an average population of 131647.0 Counties in state New Jersey have an average population of 418661.61904761905 Counties in state New Mexico have an average population of 62399.36363636364 Counties in state New York have an average population of 312550.03225806454 Counties in state North Carolina have an average population of 95354.83 Counties in state North Dakota have an average population of 12690.396226415094 Counties in state Ohio have an average population of 131096.63636363635 Counties in state Oklahoma have an average population of 48718.844155844155 Counties in state Oregon have an average population of 106418.72222222222 Counties in state Pennsylvania have an average population of 189587.74626865672 Counties in state Rhode Island have an average population of 210513.4 Counties in state South Carolina have an average population of 100551.39130434782 Counties in state South Dakota have an average population of 12336.060606060606 Counties in state Tennessee have an average population of 66801.1052631579 Counties in state Texas have an average population of 98998.27165354331 Counties in state Utah have an average population of 95306.37931034483 Counties in state Vermont have an average population of 44695.78571428572 Counties in state Virginia have an average population of 60111.29323308271 Counties in state Washington have an average population of 172424.10256410256 Counties in state West Virginia have an average population of 33690.8 Counties in state Wisconsin have an average population of 78985.91666666667 Counties in state Wyoming have an average population of 24505.478260869564 Counties in state Alabama have an average population of 71339.34328358209 Counties in state Alaska have an average population of 24490.724137931036 Counties in state Arizona have an average population of 426134.4666666667 Counties in state Arkansas have an average population of 38878.90666666667 Counties in state California have an average population of 642309.5862068966 Counties in state Colorado have an average population of 78581.1875 Counties in state Connecticut have an average population of 446762.125 Counties in state Delaware have an average population of 299311.3333333333 Counties in state District of Columbia have an average population of 601723.0 Counties in state Florida have an average population of 280616.5671641791 Counties in state Georgia have an average population of 60928.63522012578 Counties in state Hawaii have an average population of 272060.2 Counties in state Idaho have an average population of 35626.86363636364 Counties in state Illinois have an average population of 125790.50980392157 Counties in state Indiana have an average population of 70476.10869565218 Counties in state Iowa have an average population of 30771.262626262625 Counties in state Kansas have an average population of 27172.55238095238 Counties in state Kentucky have an average population of 36161.39166666667 Counties in state Louisiana have an average population of 70833.9375 Counties in state Maine have an average population of 83022.5625 Counties in state Maryland have an average population of 240564.66666666666 Counties in state Massachusetts have an average population of 467687.78571428574 Counties in state Michigan have an average population of 119080.0 Counties in state Minnesota have an average population of 60964.65517241379 Counties in state Mississippi have an average population of 36186.54878048781 Counties in state Missouri have an average population of 52077.62608695652 Counties in state Montana have an average population of 17668.125 Counties in state Nebraska have an average population of 19638.075268817203 Counties in state Nevada have an average population of 158855.9411764706 Counties in state New Hampshire have an average population of 131647.0 Counties in state New Jersey have an average population of 418661.61904761905 Counties in state New Mexico have an average population of 62399.36363636364 Counties in state New York have an average population of 312550.03225806454 Counties in state North Carolina have an average population of 95354.83 Counties in state North Dakota have an average population of 12690.396226415094 Counties in state Ohio have an average population of 131096.63636363635 Counties in state Oklahoma have an average population of 48718.844155844155 Counties in state Oregon have an average population of 106418.72222222222 Counties in state Pennsylvania have an average population of 189587.74626865672 Counties in state Rhode Island have an average population of 210513.4 Counties in state South Carolina have an average population of 100551.39130434782 Counties in state South Dakota have an average population of 12336.060606060606 Counties in state Tennessee have an average population of 66801.1052631579 Counties in state Texas have an average population of 98998.27165354331 Counties in state Utah have an average population of 95306.37931034483 Counties in state Vermont have an average population of 44695.78571428572 Counties in state Virginia have an average population of 60111.29323308271 Counties in state Washington have an average population of 172424.10256410256 Counties in state West Virginia have an average population of 33690.8 Counties in state Wisconsin have an average population of 78985.91666666667 Counties in state Wyoming have an average population of 24505.478260869564 Counties in state Alabama have an average population of 71339.34328358209 Counties in state Alaska have an average population of 24490.724137931036 Counties in state Arizona have an average population of 426134.4666666667 Counties in state Arkansas have an average population of 38878.90666666667 Counties in state California have an average population of 642309.5862068966 Counties in state Colorado have an average population of 78581.1875 Counties in state Connecticut have an average population of 446762.125 Counties in state Delaware have an average population of 299311.3333333333 Counties in state District of Columbia have an average population of 601723.0 Counties in state Florida have an average population of 280616.5671641791 Counties in state Georgia have an average population of 60928.63522012578 Counties in state Hawaii have an average population of 272060.2 Counties in state Idaho have an average population of 35626.86363636364 Counties in state Illinois have an average population of 125790.50980392157 Counties in state Indiana have an average population of 70476.10869565218 Counties in state Iowa have an average population of 30771.262626262625 Counties in state Kansas have an average population of 27172.55238095238 Counties in state Kentucky have an average population of 36161.39166666667 Counties in state Louisiana have an average population of 70833.9375 Counties in state Maine have an average population of 83022.5625 Counties in state Maryland have an average population of 240564.66666666666 Counties in state Massachusetts have an average population of 467687.78571428574 Counties in state Michigan have an average population of 119080.0 Counties in state Minnesota have an average population of 60964.65517241379 Counties in state Mississippi have an average population of 36186.54878048781 Counties in state Missouri have an average population of 52077.62608695652 Counties in state Montana have an average population of 17668.125 Counties in state Nebraska have an average population of 19638.075268817203 Counties in state Nevada have an average population of 158855.9411764706 Counties in state New Hampshire have an average population of 131647.0 Counties in state New Jersey have an average population of 418661.61904761905 Counties in state New Mexico have an average population of 62399.36363636364 Counties in state New York have an average population of 312550.03225806454 Counties in state North Carolina have an average population of 95354.83 Counties in state North Dakota have an average population of 12690.396226415094 Counties in state Ohio have an average population of 131096.63636363635 Counties in state Oklahoma have an average population of 48718.844155844155 Counties in state Oregon have an average population of 106418.72222222222 Counties in state Pennsylvania have an average population of 189587.74626865672 Counties in state Rhode Island have an average population of 210513.4 Counties in state South Carolina have an average population of 100551.39130434782 Counties in state South Dakota have an average population of 12336.060606060606 Counties in state Tennessee have an average population of 66801.1052631579 Counties in state Texas have an average population of 98998.27165354331 Counties in state Utah have an average population of 95306.37931034483 Counties in state Vermont have an average population of 44695.78571428572 Counties in state Virginia have an average population of 60111.29323308271 Counties in state Washington have an average population of 172424.10256410256 Counties in state West Virginia have an average population of 33690.8 Counties in state Wisconsin have an average population of 78985.91666666667 Counties in state Wyoming have an average population of 24505.478260869564 Counties in state Alabama have an average population of 71339.34328358209 Counties in state Alaska have an average population of 24490.724137931036 Counties in state Arizona have an average population of 426134.4666666667 Counties in state Arkansas have an average population of 38878.90666666667 Counties in state California have an average population of 642309.5862068966 Counties in state Colorado have an average population of 78581.1875 Counties in state Connecticut have an average population of 446762.125 Counties in state Delaware have an average population of 299311.3333333333 Counties in state District of Columbia have an average population of 601723.0 Counties in state Florida have an average population of 280616.5671641791 Counties in state Georgia have an average population of 60928.63522012578 Counties in state Hawaii have an average population of 272060.2 Counties in state Idaho have an average population of 35626.86363636364 Counties in state Illinois have an average population of 125790.50980392157 Counties in state Indiana have an average population of 70476.10869565218 Counties in state Iowa have an average population of 30771.262626262625 Counties in state Kansas have an average population of 27172.55238095238 Counties in state Kentucky have an average population of 36161.39166666667 Counties in state Louisiana have an average population of 70833.9375 Counties in state Maine have an average population of 83022.5625 Counties in state Maryland have an average population of 240564.66666666666 Counties in state Massachusetts have an average population of 467687.78571428574 Counties in state Michigan have an average population of 119080.0 Counties in state Minnesota have an average population of 60964.65517241379 Counties in state Mississippi have an average population of 36186.54878048781 Counties in state Missouri have an average population of 52077.62608695652 Counties in state Montana have an average population of 17668.125 Counties in state Nebraska have an average population of 19638.075268817203 Counties in state Nevada have an average population of 158855.9411764706 Counties in state New Hampshire have an average population of 131647.0 Counties in state New Jersey have an average population of 418661.61904761905 Counties in state New Mexico have an average population of 62399.36363636364 Counties in state New York have an average population of 312550.03225806454 Counties in state North Carolina have an average population of 95354.83 Counties in state North Dakota have an average population of 12690.396226415094 Counties in state Ohio have an average population of 131096.63636363635 Counties in state Oklahoma have an average population of 48718.844155844155 Counties in state Oregon have an average population of 106418.72222222222 Counties in state Pennsylvania have an average population of 189587.74626865672 Counties in state Rhode Island have an average population of 210513.4 Counties in state South Carolina have an average population of 100551.39130434782 Counties in state South Dakota have an average population of 12336.060606060606 Counties in state Tennessee have an average population of 66801.1052631579 Counties in state Texas have an average population of 98998.27165354331 Counties in state Utah have an average population of 95306.37931034483 Counties in state Vermont have an average population of 44695.78571428572 Counties in state Virginia have an average population of 60111.29323308271 Counties in state Washington have an average population of 172424.10256410256 Counties in state West Virginia have an average population of 33690.8 Counties in state Wisconsin have an average population of 78985.91666666667 Counties in state Wyoming have an average population of 24505.478260869564 Counties in state Alabama have an average population of 71339.34328358209 Counties in state Alaska have an average population of 24490.724137931036 Counties in state Arizona have an average population of 426134.4666666667 Counties in state Arkansas have an average population of 38878.90666666667 Counties in state California have an average population of 642309.5862068966 Counties in state Colorado have an average population of 78581.1875 Counties in state Connecticut have an average population of 446762.125 Counties in state Delaware have an average population of 299311.3333333333 Counties in state District of Columbia have an average population of 601723.0 Counties in state Florida have an average population of 280616.5671641791 Counties in state Georgia have an average population of 60928.63522012578 Counties in state Hawaii have an average population of 272060.2 Counties in state Idaho have an average population of 35626.86363636364 Counties in state Illinois have an average population of 125790.50980392157 Counties in state Indiana have an average population of 70476.10869565218 Counties in state Iowa have an average population of 30771.262626262625 Counties in state Kansas have an average population of 27172.55238095238 Counties in state Kentucky have an average population of 36161.39166666667 Counties in state Louisiana have an average population of 70833.9375 Counties in state Maine have an average population of 83022.5625 Counties in state Maryland have an average population of 240564.66666666666 Counties in state Massachusetts have an average population of 467687.78571428574 Counties in state Michigan have an average population of 119080.0 Counties in state Minnesota have an average population of 60964.65517241379 Counties in state Mississippi have an average population of 36186.54878048781 Counties in state Missouri have an average population of 52077.62608695652 Counties in state Montana have an average population of 17668.125 Counties in state Nebraska have an average population of 19638.075268817203 Counties in state Nevada have an average population of 158855.9411764706 Counties in state New Hampshire have an average population of 131647.0 Counties in state New Jersey have an average population of 418661.61904761905 Counties in state New Mexico have an average population of 62399.36363636364 Counties in state New York have an average population of 312550.03225806454 Counties in state North Carolina have an average population of 95354.83 Counties in state North Dakota have an average population of 12690.396226415094 Counties in state Ohio have an average population of 131096.63636363635 Counties in state Oklahoma have an average population of 48718.844155844155 Counties in state Oregon have an average population of 106418.72222222222 Counties in state Pennsylvania have an average population of 189587.74626865672 Counties in state Rhode Island have an average population of 210513.4 Counties in state South Carolina have an average population of 100551.39130434782 Counties in state South Dakota have an average population of 12336.060606060606 Counties in state Tennessee have an average population of 66801.1052631579 Counties in state Texas have an average population of 98998.27165354331 Counties in state Utah have an average population of 95306.37931034483 Counties in state Vermont have an average population of 44695.78571428572 Counties in state Virginia have an average population of 60111.29323308271 Counties in state Washington have an average population of 172424.10256410256 Counties in state West Virginia have an average population of 33690.8 Counties in state Wisconsin have an average population of 78985.91666666667 Counties in state Wyoming have an average population of 24505.478260869564 Counties in state Alabama have an average population of 71339.34328358209 Counties in state Alaska have an average population of 24490.724137931036 Counties in state Arizona have an average population of 426134.4666666667 Counties in state Arkansas have an average population of 38878.90666666667 Counties in state California have an average population of 642309.5862068966 Counties in state Colorado have an average population of 78581.1875 Counties in state Connecticut have an average population of 446762.125 Counties in state Delaware have an average population of 299311.3333333333 Counties in state District of Columbia have an average population of 601723.0 Counties in state Florida have an average population of 280616.5671641791 Counties in state Georgia have an average population of 60928.63522012578 Counties in state Hawaii have an average population of 272060.2 Counties in state Idaho have an average population of 35626.86363636364 Counties in state Illinois have an average population of 125790.50980392157 Counties in state Indiana have an average population of 70476.10869565218 Counties in state Iowa have an average population of 30771.262626262625 Counties in state Kansas have an average population of 27172.55238095238 Counties in state Kentucky have an average population of 36161.39166666667 Counties in state Louisiana have an average population of 70833.9375 Counties in state Maine have an average population of 83022.5625 Counties in state Maryland have an average population of 240564.66666666666 Counties in state Massachusetts have an average population of 467687.78571428574 Counties in state Michigan have an average population of 119080.0 Counties in state Minnesota have an average population of 60964.65517241379 Counties in state Mississippi have an average population of 36186.54878048781 Counties in state Missouri have an average population of 52077.62608695652 Counties in state Montana have an average population of 17668.125 Counties in state Nebraska have an average population of 19638.075268817203 Counties in state Nevada have an average population of 158855.9411764706 Counties in state New Hampshire have an average population of 131647.0 Counties in state New Jersey have an average population of 418661.61904761905 Counties in state New Mexico have an average population of 62399.36363636364 Counties in state New York have an average population of 312550.03225806454 Counties in state North Carolina have an average population of 95354.83 Counties in state North Dakota have an average population of 12690.396226415094 Counties in state Ohio have an average population of 131096.63636363635 Counties in state Oklahoma have an average population of 48718.844155844155 Counties in state Oregon have an average population of 106418.72222222222 Counties in state Pennsylvania have an average population of 189587.74626865672 Counties in state Rhode Island have an average population of 210513.4 Counties in state South Carolina have an average population of 100551.39130434782 Counties in state South Dakota have an average population of 12336.060606060606 Counties in state Tennessee have an average population of 66801.1052631579 Counties in state Texas have an average population of 98998.27165354331 Counties in state Utah have an average population of 95306.37931034483 Counties in state Vermont have an average population of 44695.78571428572 Counties in state Virginia have an average population of 60111.29323308271 Counties in state Washington have an average population of 172424.10256410256 Counties in state West Virginia have an average population of 33690.8 Counties in state Wisconsin have an average population of 78985.91666666667 Counties in state Wyoming have an average population of 24505.478260869564 Counties in state Alabama have an average population of 71339.34328358209 Counties in state Alaska have an average population of 24490.724137931036 Counties in state Arizona have an average population of 426134.4666666667 Counties in state Arkansas have an average population of 38878.90666666667 Counties in state California have an average population of 642309.5862068966 Counties in state Colorado have an average population of 78581.1875 Counties in state Connecticut have an average population of 446762.125 Counties in state Delaware have an average population of 299311.3333333333 Counties in state District of Columbia have an average population of 601723.0 Counties in state Florida have an average population of 280616.5671641791 Counties in state Georgia have an average population of 60928.63522012578 Counties in state Hawaii have an average population of 272060.2 Counties in state Idaho have an average population of 35626.86363636364 Counties in state Illinois have an average population of 125790.50980392157 Counties in state Indiana have an average population of 70476.10869565218 Counties in state Iowa have an average population of 30771.262626262625 Counties in state Kansas have an average population of 27172.55238095238 Counties in state Kentucky have an average population of 36161.39166666667 Counties in state Louisiana have an average population of 70833.9375 Counties in state Maine have an average population of 83022.5625 Counties in state Maryland have an average population of 240564.66666666666 Counties in state Massachusetts have an average population of 467687.78571428574 Counties in state Michigan have an average population of 119080.0 Counties in state Minnesota have an average population of 60964.65517241379 Counties in state Mississippi have an average population of 36186.54878048781 Counties in state Missouri have an average population of 52077.62608695652 Counties in state Montana have an average population of 17668.125 Counties in state Nebraska have an average population of 19638.075268817203 Counties in state Nevada have an average population of 158855.9411764706 Counties in state New Hampshire have an average population of 131647.0 Counties in state New Jersey have an average population of 418661.61904761905 Counties in state New Mexico have an average population of 62399.36363636364 Counties in state New York have an average population of 312550.03225806454 Counties in state North Carolina have an average population of 95354.83 Counties in state North Dakota have an average population of 12690.396226415094 Counties in state Ohio have an average population of 131096.63636363635 Counties in state Oklahoma have an average population of 48718.844155844155 Counties in state Oregon have an average population of 106418.72222222222 Counties in state Pennsylvania have an average population of 189587.74626865672 Counties in state Rhode Island have an average population of 210513.4 Counties in state South Carolina have an average population of 100551.39130434782 Counties in state South Dakota have an average population of 12336.060606060606 Counties in state Tennessee have an average population of 66801.1052631579 Counties in state Texas have an average population of 98998.27165354331 Counties in state Utah have an average population of 95306.37931034483 Counties in state Vermont have an average population of 44695.78571428572 Counties in state Virginia have an average population of 60111.29323308271 Counties in state Washington have an average population of 172424.10256410256 Counties in state West Virginia have an average population of 33690.8 Counties in state Wisconsin have an average population of 78985.91666666667 Counties in state Wyoming have an average population of 24505.478260869564 Counties in state Alabama have an average population of 71339.34328358209 Counties in state Alaska have an average population of 24490.724137931036 Counties in state Arizona have an average population of 426134.4666666667 Counties in state Arkansas have an average population of 38878.90666666667 Counties in state California have an average population of 642309.5862068966 Counties in state Colorado have an average population of 78581.1875 Counties in state Connecticut have an average population of 446762.125 Counties in state Delaware have an average population of 299311.3333333333 Counties in state District of Columbia have an average population of 601723.0 Counties in state Florida have an average population of 280616.5671641791 Counties in state Georgia have an average population of 60928.63522012578 Counties in state Hawaii have an average population of 272060.2 Counties in state Idaho have an average population of 35626.86363636364 Counties in state Illinois have an average population of 125790.50980392157 Counties in state Indiana have an average population of 70476.10869565218 Counties in state Iowa have an average population of 30771.262626262625 Counties in state Kansas have an average population of 27172.55238095238 Counties in state Kentucky have an average population of 36161.39166666667 Counties in state Louisiana have an average population of 70833.9375 Counties in state Maine have an average population of 83022.5625 Counties in state Maryland have an average population of 240564.66666666666 Counties in state Massachusetts have an average population of 467687.78571428574 Counties in state Michigan have an average population of 119080.0 Counties in state Minnesota have an average population of 60964.65517241379 Counties in state Mississippi have an average population of 36186.54878048781 Counties in state Missouri have an average population of 52077.62608695652 Counties in state Montana have an average population of 17668.125 Counties in state Nebraska have an average population of 19638.075268817203 Counties in state Nevada have an average population of 158855.9411764706 Counties in state New Hampshire have an average population of 131647.0 Counties in state New Jersey have an average population of 418661.61904761905 Counties in state New Mexico have an average population of 62399.36363636364 Counties in state New York have an average population of 312550.03225806454 Counties in state North Carolina have an average population of 95354.83 Counties in state North Dakota have an average population of 12690.396226415094 Counties in state Ohio have an average population of 131096.63636363635 Counties in state Oklahoma have an average population of 48718.844155844155 Counties in state Oregon have an average population of 106418.72222222222 Counties in state Pennsylvania have an average population of 189587.74626865672 Counties in state Rhode Island have an average population of 210513.4 Counties in state South Carolina have an average population of 100551.39130434782 Counties in state South Dakota have an average population of 12336.060606060606 Counties in state Tennessee have an average population of 66801.1052631579 Counties in state Texas have an average population of 98998.27165354331 Counties in state Utah have an average population of 95306.37931034483 Counties in state Vermont have an average population of 44695.78571428572 Counties in state Virginia have an average population of 60111.29323308271 Counties in state Washington have an average population of 172424.10256410256 Counties in state West Virginia have an average population of 33690.8 Counties in state Wisconsin have an average population of 78985.91666666667 Counties in state Wyoming have an average population of 24505.478260869564 Counties in state Alabama have an average population of 71339.34328358209 Counties in state Alaska have an average population of 24490.724137931036 Counties in state Arizona have an average population of 426134.4666666667 Counties in state Arkansas have an average population of 38878.90666666667 Counties in state California have an average population of 642309.5862068966 Counties in state Colorado have an average population of 78581.1875 Counties in state Connecticut have an average population of 446762.125 Counties in state Delaware have an average population of 299311.3333333333 Counties in state District of Columbia have an average population of 601723.0 Counties in state Florida have an average population of 280616.5671641791 Counties in state Georgia have an average population of 60928.63522012578 Counties in state Hawaii have an average population of 272060.2 Counties in state Idaho have an average population of 35626.86363636364 Counties in state Illinois have an average population of 125790.50980392157 Counties in state Indiana have an average population of 70476.10869565218 Counties in state Iowa have an average population of 30771.262626262625 Counties in state Kansas have an average population of 27172.55238095238 Counties in state Kentucky have an average population of 36161.39166666667 Counties in state Louisiana have an average population of 70833.9375 Counties in state Maine have an average population of 83022.5625 Counties in state Maryland have an average population of 240564.66666666666 Counties in state Massachusetts have an average population of 467687.78571428574 Counties in state Michigan have an average population of 119080.0 Counties in state Minnesota have an average population of 60964.65517241379 Counties in state Mississippi have an average population of 36186.54878048781 Counties in state Missouri have an average population of 52077.62608695652 Counties in state Montana have an average population of 17668.125 Counties in state Nebraska have an average population of 19638.075268817203 Counties in state Nevada have an average population of 158855.9411764706 Counties in state New Hampshire have an average population of 131647.0 Counties in state New Jersey have an average population of 418661.61904761905 Counties in state New Mexico have an average population of 62399.36363636364 Counties in state New York have an average population of 312550.03225806454 Counties in state North Carolina have an average population of 95354.83 Counties in state North Dakota have an average population of 12690.396226415094 Counties in state Ohio have an average population of 131096.63636363635 Counties in state Oklahoma have an average population of 48718.844155844155 Counties in state Oregon have an average population of 106418.72222222222 Counties in state Pennsylvania have an average population of 189587.74626865672 Counties in state Rhode Island have an average population of 210513.4 Counties in state South Carolina have an average population of 100551.39130434782 Counties in state South Dakota have an average population of 12336.060606060606 Counties in state Tennessee have an average population of 66801.1052631579 Counties in state Texas have an average population of 98998.27165354331 Counties in state Utah have an average population of 95306.37931034483 Counties in state Vermont have an average population of 44695.78571428572 Counties in state Virginia have an average population of 60111.29323308271 Counties in state Washington have an average population of 172424.10256410256 Counties in state West Virginia have an average population of 33690.8 Counties in state Wisconsin have an average population of 78985.91666666667 Counties in state Wyoming have an average population of 24505.478260869564 Counties in state Alabama have an average population of 71339.34328358209 Counties in state Alaska have an average population of 24490.724137931036 Counties in state Arizona have an average population of 426134.4666666667 Counties in state Arkansas have an average population of 38878.90666666667 Counties in state California have an average population of 642309.5862068966 Counties in state Colorado have an average population of 78581.1875 Counties in state Connecticut have an average population of 446762.125 Counties in state Delaware have an average population of 299311.3333333333 Counties in state District of Columbia have an average population of 601723.0 Counties in state Florida have an average population of 280616.5671641791 Counties in state Georgia have an average population of 60928.63522012578 Counties in state Hawaii have an average population of 272060.2 Counties in state Idaho have an average population of 35626.86363636364 Counties in state Illinois have an average population of 125790.50980392157 Counties in state Indiana have an average population of 70476.10869565218 Counties in state Iowa have an average population of 30771.262626262625 Counties in state Kansas have an average population of 27172.55238095238 Counties in state Kentucky have an average population of 36161.39166666667 Counties in state Louisiana have an average population of 70833.9375 Counties in state Maine have an average population of 83022.5625 Counties in state Maryland have an average population of 240564.66666666666 Counties in state Massachusetts have an average population of 467687.78571428574 Counties in state Michigan have an average population of 119080.0 Counties in state Minnesota have an average population of 60964.65517241379 Counties in state Mississippi have an average population of 36186.54878048781 Counties in state Missouri have an average population of 52077.62608695652 Counties in state Montana have an average population of 17668.125 Counties in state Nebraska have an average population of 19638.075268817203 Counties in state Nevada have an average population of 158855.9411764706 Counties in state New Hampshire have an average population of 131647.0 Counties in state New Jersey have an average population of 418661.61904761905 Counties in state New Mexico have an average population of 62399.36363636364 Counties in state New York have an average population of 312550.03225806454 Counties in state North Carolina have an average population of 95354.83 Counties in state North Dakota have an average population of 12690.396226415094 Counties in state Ohio have an average population of 131096.63636363635 Counties in state Oklahoma have an average population of 48718.844155844155 Counties in state Oregon have an average population of 106418.72222222222 Counties in state Pennsylvania have an average population of 189587.74626865672 Counties in state Rhode Island have an average population of 210513.4 Counties in state South Carolina have an average population of 100551.39130434782 Counties in state South Dakota have an average population of 12336.060606060606 Counties in state Tennessee have an average population of 66801.1052631579 Counties in state Texas have an average population of 98998.27165354331 Counties in state Utah have an average population of 95306.37931034483 Counties in state Vermont have an average population of 44695.78571428572 Counties in state Virginia have an average population of 60111.29323308271 Counties in state Washington have an average population of 172424.10256410256 Counties in state West Virginia have an average population of 33690.8 Counties in state Wisconsin have an average population of 78985.91666666667 Counties in state Wyoming have an average population of 24505.478260869564 Counties in state Alabama have an average population of 71339.34328358209 Counties in state Alaska have an average population of 24490.724137931036 Counties in state Arizona have an average population of 426134.4666666667 Counties in state Arkansas have an average population of 38878.90666666667 Counties in state California have an average population of 642309.5862068966 Counties in state Colorado have an average population of 78581.1875 Counties in state Connecticut have an average population of 446762.125 Counties in state Delaware have an average population of 299311.3333333333 Counties in state District of Columbia have an average population of 601723.0 Counties in state Florida have an average population of 280616.5671641791 Counties in state Georgia have an average population of 60928.63522012578 Counties in state Hawaii have an average population of 272060.2 Counties in state Idaho have an average population of 35626.86363636364 Counties in state Illinois have an average population of 125790.50980392157 Counties in state Indiana have an average population of 70476.10869565218 Counties in state Iowa have an average population of 30771.262626262625 Counties in state Kansas have an average population of 27172.55238095238 Counties in state Kentucky have an average population of 36161.39166666667 Counties in state Louisiana have an average population of 70833.9375 Counties in state Maine have an average population of 83022.5625 Counties in state Maryland have an average population of 240564.66666666666 Counties in state Massachusetts have an average population of 467687.78571428574 Counties in state Michigan have an average population of 119080.0 Counties in state Minnesota have an average population of 60964.65517241379 Counties in state Mississippi have an average population of 36186.54878048781 Counties in state Missouri have an average population of 52077.62608695652 Counties in state Montana have an average population of 17668.125 Counties in state Nebraska have an average population of 19638.075268817203 Counties in state Nevada have an average population of 158855.9411764706 Counties in state New Hampshire have an average population of 131647.0 Counties in state New Jersey have an average population of 418661.61904761905 Counties in state New Mexico have an average population of 62399.36363636364 Counties in state New York have an average population of 312550.03225806454 Counties in state North Carolina have an average population of 95354.83 Counties in state North Dakota have an average population of 12690.396226415094 Counties in state Ohio have an average population of 131096.63636363635 Counties in state Oklahoma have an average population of 48718.844155844155 Counties in state Oregon have an average population of 106418.72222222222 Counties in state Pennsylvania have an average population of 189587.74626865672 Counties in state Rhode Island have an average population of 210513.4 Counties in state South Carolina have an average population of 100551.39130434782 Counties in state South Dakota have an average population of 12336.060606060606 Counties in state Tennessee have an average population of 66801.1052631579 Counties in state Texas have an average population of 98998.27165354331 Counties in state Utah have an average population of 95306.37931034483 Counties in state Vermont have an average population of 44695.78571428572 Counties in state Virginia have an average population of 60111.29323308271 Counties in state Washington have an average population of 172424.10256410256 Counties in state West Virginia have an average population of 33690.8 Counties in state Wisconsin have an average population of 78985.91666666667 Counties in state Wyoming have an average population of 24505.478260869564 Counties in state Alabama have an average population of 71339.34328358209 Counties in state Alaska have an average population of 24490.724137931036 Counties in state Arizona have an average population of 426134.4666666667 Counties in state Arkansas have an average population of 38878.90666666667 Counties in state California have an average population of 642309.5862068966 Counties in state Colorado have an average population of 78581.1875 Counties in state Connecticut have an average population of 446762.125 Counties in state Delaware have an average population of 299311.3333333333 Counties in state District of Columbia have an average population of 601723.0 Counties in state Florida have an average population of 280616.5671641791 Counties in state Georgia have an average population of 60928.63522012578 Counties in state Hawaii have an average population of 272060.2 Counties in state Idaho have an average population of 35626.86363636364 Counties in state Illinois have an average population of 125790.50980392157 Counties in state Indiana have an average population of 70476.10869565218 Counties in state Iowa have an average population of 30771.262626262625 Counties in state Kansas have an average population of 27172.55238095238 Counties in state Kentucky have an average population of 36161.39166666667 Counties in state Louisiana have an average population of 70833.9375 Counties in state Maine have an average population of 83022.5625 Counties in state Maryland have an average population of 240564.66666666666 Counties in state Massachusetts have an average population of 467687.78571428574 Counties in state Michigan have an average population of 119080.0 Counties in state Minnesota have an average population of 60964.65517241379 Counties in state Mississippi have an average population of 36186.54878048781 Counties in state Missouri have an average population of 52077.62608695652 Counties in state Montana have an average population of 17668.125 Counties in state Nebraska have an average population of 19638.075268817203 Counties in state Nevada have an average population of 158855.9411764706 Counties in state New Hampshire have an average population of 131647.0 Counties in state New Jersey have an average population of 418661.61904761905 Counties in state New Mexico have an average population of 62399.36363636364 Counties in state New York have an average population of 312550.03225806454 Counties in state North Carolina have an average population of 95354.83 Counties in state North Dakota have an average population of 12690.396226415094 Counties in state Ohio have an average population of 131096.63636363635 Counties in state Oklahoma have an average population of 48718.844155844155 Counties in state Oregon have an average population of 106418.72222222222 Counties in state Pennsylvania have an average population of 189587.74626865672 Counties in state Rhode Island have an average population of 210513.4 Counties in state South Carolina have an average population of 100551.39130434782 Counties in state South Dakota have an average population of 12336.060606060606 Counties in state Tennessee have an average population of 66801.1052631579 Counties in state Texas have an average population of 98998.27165354331 Counties in state Utah have an average population of 95306.37931034483 Counties in state Vermont have an average population of 44695.78571428572 Counties in state Virginia have an average population of 60111.29323308271 Counties in state Washington have an average population of 172424.10256410256 Counties in state West Virginia have an average population of 33690.8 Counties in state Wisconsin have an average population of 78985.91666666667 Counties in state Wyoming have an average population of 24505.478260869564 Counties in state Alabama have an average population of 71339.34328358209 Counties in state Alaska have an average population of 24490.724137931036 Counties in state Arizona have an average population of 426134.4666666667 Counties in state Arkansas have an average population of 38878.90666666667 Counties in state California have an average population of 642309.5862068966 Counties in state Colorado have an average population of 78581.1875 Counties in state Connecticut have an average population of 446762.125 Counties in state Delaware have an average population of 299311.3333333333 Counties in state District of Columbia have an average population of 601723.0 Counties in state Florida have an average population of 280616.5671641791 Counties in state Georgia have an average population of 60928.63522012578 Counties in state Hawaii have an average population of 272060.2 Counties in state Idaho have an average population of 35626.86363636364 Counties in state Illinois have an average population of 125790.50980392157 Counties in state Indiana have an average population of 70476.10869565218 Counties in state Iowa have an average population of 30771.262626262625 Counties in state Kansas have an average population of 27172.55238095238 Counties in state Kentucky have an average population of 36161.39166666667 Counties in state Louisiana have an average population of 70833.9375 Counties in state Maine have an average population of 83022.5625 Counties in state Maryland have an average population of 240564.66666666666 Counties in state Massachusetts have an average population of 467687.78571428574 Counties in state Michigan have an average population of 119080.0 Counties in state Minnesota have an average population of 60964.65517241379 Counties in state Mississippi have an average population of 36186.54878048781 Counties in state Missouri have an average population of 52077.62608695652 Counties in state Montana have an average population of 17668.125 Counties in state Nebraska have an average population of 19638.075268817203 Counties in state Nevada have an average population of 158855.9411764706 Counties in state New Hampshire have an average population of 131647.0 Counties in state New Jersey have an average population of 418661.61904761905 Counties in state New Mexico have an average population of 62399.36363636364 Counties in state New York have an average population of 312550.03225806454 Counties in state North Carolina have an average population of 95354.83 Counties in state North Dakota have an average population of 12690.396226415094 Counties in state Ohio have an average population of 131096.63636363635 Counties in state Oklahoma have an average population of 48718.844155844155 Counties in state Oregon have an average population of 106418.72222222222 Counties in state Pennsylvania have an average population of 189587.74626865672 Counties in state Rhode Island have an average population of 210513.4 Counties in state South Carolina have an average population of 100551.39130434782 Counties in state South Dakota have an average population of 12336.060606060606 Counties in state Tennessee have an average population of 66801.1052631579 Counties in state Texas have an average population of 98998.27165354331 Counties in state Utah have an average population of 95306.37931034483 Counties in state Vermont have an average population of 44695.78571428572 Counties in state Virginia have an average population of 60111.29323308271 Counties in state Washington have an average population of 172424.10256410256 Counties in state West Virginia have an average population of 33690.8 Counties in state Wisconsin have an average population of 78985.91666666667 Counties in state Wyoming have an average population of 24505.478260869564 Counties in state Alabama have an average population of 71339.34328358209 Counties in state Alaska have an average population of 24490.724137931036 Counties in state Arizona have an average population of 426134.4666666667 Counties in state Arkansas have an average population of 38878.90666666667 Counties in state California have an average population of 642309.5862068966 Counties in state Colorado have an average population of 78581.1875 Counties in state Connecticut have an average population of 446762.125 Counties in state Delaware have an average population of 299311.3333333333 Counties in state District of Columbia have an average population of 601723.0 Counties in state Florida have an average population of 280616.5671641791 Counties in state Georgia have an average population of 60928.63522012578 Counties in state Hawaii have an average population of 272060.2 Counties in state Idaho have an average population of 35626.86363636364 Counties in state Illinois have an average population of 125790.50980392157 Counties in state Indiana have an average population of 70476.10869565218 Counties in state Iowa have an average population of 30771.262626262625 Counties in state Kansas have an average population of 27172.55238095238 Counties in state Kentucky have an average population of 36161.39166666667 Counties in state Louisiana have an average population of 70833.9375 Counties in state Maine have an average population of 83022.5625 Counties in state Maryland have an average population of 240564.66666666666 Counties in state Massachusetts have an average population of 467687.78571428574 Counties in state Michigan have an average population of 119080.0 Counties in state Minnesota have an average population of 60964.65517241379 Counties in state Mississippi have an average population of 36186.54878048781 Counties in state Missouri have an average population of 52077.62608695652 Counties in state Montana have an average population of 17668.125 Counties in state Nebraska have an average population of 19638.075268817203 Counties in state Nevada have an average population of 158855.9411764706 Counties in state New Hampshire have an average population of 131647.0 Counties in state New Jersey have an average population of 418661.61904761905 Counties in state New Mexico have an average population of 62399.36363636364 Counties in state New York have an average population of 312550.03225806454 Counties in state North Carolina have an average population of 95354.83 Counties in state North Dakota have an average population of 12690.396226415094 Counties in state Ohio have an average population of 131096.63636363635 Counties in state Oklahoma have an average population of 48718.844155844155 Counties in state Oregon have an average population of 106418.72222222222 Counties in state Pennsylvania have an average population of 189587.74626865672 Counties in state Rhode Island have an average population of 210513.4 Counties in state South Carolina have an average population of 100551.39130434782 Counties in state South Dakota have an average population of 12336.060606060606 Counties in state Tennessee have an average population of 66801.1052631579 Counties in state Texas have an average population of 98998.27165354331 Counties in state Utah have an average population of 95306.37931034483 Counties in state Vermont have an average population of 44695.78571428572 Counties in state Virginia have an average population of 60111.29323308271 Counties in state Washington have an average population of 172424.10256410256 Counties in state West Virginia have an average population of 33690.8 Counties in state Wisconsin have an average population of 78985.91666666667 Counties in state Wyoming have an average population of 24505.478260869564 Counties in state Alabama have an average population of 71339.34328358209 Counties in state Alaska have an average population of 24490.724137931036 Counties in state Arizona have an average population of 426134.4666666667 Counties in state Arkansas have an average population of 38878.90666666667 Counties in state California have an average population of 642309.5862068966 Counties in state Colorado have an average population of 78581.1875 Counties in state Connecticut have an average population of 446762.125 Counties in state Delaware have an average population of 299311.3333333333 Counties in state District of Columbia have an average population of 601723.0 Counties in state Florida have an average population of 280616.5671641791 Counties in state Georgia have an average population of 60928.63522012578 Counties in state Hawaii have an average population of 272060.2 Counties in state Idaho have an average population of 35626.86363636364 Counties in state Illinois have an average population of 125790.50980392157 Counties in state Indiana have an average population of 70476.10869565218 Counties in state Iowa have an average population of 30771.262626262625 Counties in state Kansas have an average population of 27172.55238095238 Counties in state Kentucky have an average population of 36161.39166666667 Counties in state Louisiana have an average population of 70833.9375 Counties in state Maine have an average population of 83022.5625 Counties in state Maryland have an average population of 240564.66666666666 Counties in state Massachusetts have an average population of 467687.78571428574 Counties in state Michigan have an average population of 119080.0 Counties in state Minnesota have an average population of 60964.65517241379 Counties in state Mississippi have an average population of 36186.54878048781 Counties in state Missouri have an average population of 52077.62608695652 Counties in state Montana have an average population of 17668.125 Counties in state Nebraska have an average population of 19638.075268817203 Counties in state Nevada have an average population of 158855.9411764706 Counties in state New Hampshire have an average population of 131647.0 Counties in state New Jersey have an average population of 418661.61904761905 Counties in state New Mexico have an average population of 62399.36363636364 Counties in state New York have an average population of 312550.03225806454 Counties in state North Carolina have an average population of 95354.83 Counties in state North Dakota have an average population of 12690.396226415094 Counties in state Ohio have an average population of 131096.63636363635 Counties in state Oklahoma have an average population of 48718.844155844155 Counties in state Oregon have an average population of 106418.72222222222 Counties in state Pennsylvania have an average population of 189587.74626865672 Counties in state Rhode Island have an average population of 210513.4 Counties in state South Carolina have an average population of 100551.39130434782 Counties in state South Dakota have an average population of 12336.060606060606 Counties in state Tennessee have an average population of 66801.1052631579 Counties in state Texas have an average population of 98998.27165354331 Counties in state Utah have an average population of 95306.37931034483 Counties in state Vermont have an average population of 44695.78571428572 Counties in state Virginia have an average population of 60111.29323308271 Counties in state Washington have an average population of 172424.10256410256 Counties in state West Virginia have an average population of 33690.8 Counties in state Wisconsin have an average population of 78985.91666666667 Counties in state Wyoming have an average population of 24505.478260869564 29.6 ms ± 3.65 ms per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 3 loops each) 
# Wow, what a huge difference in speed. An improve by roughly by two factors!

# Now, 99% of the time, you'll use group by on one or more columns. But you can also provide a function to
# group by and use that to segment your data.

# This is a bit of a fabricated example but lets say that you have a big batch job with lots of processing and
# you want to work on only a third or so of the states at a given time. We could create some function which
# returns a number between zero and two based on the first character of the state name. Then we can tell group
# by to use this function to split up our data frame. It's important to note that in order to do this you need
# to set the index of the data frame to be the column that you want to group by first.

# We'll create some new function called set_batch_number and if the first letter of the parameter is a capital
# M we'll return a 0. If it's a capital Q we'll return a 1 and otherwise we'll return a 2. Then we'll pass
# this function to the data frame

df = df.set_index('STNAME')

def set_batch_number(item):
    if item[0]<'M':
        return 0
    if item[0]<'Q':
        return 1
    return 2

# The dataframe is supposed to be grouped by according to the batch number And we will loop through each batch
# group
for group, frame in df.groupby(set_batch_number):
    print('There are ' + str(len(frame)) + ' records in group ' + str(group) + ' for processing.')
There are 1177 records in group 0 for processing. There are 1134 records in group 1 for processing. There are 831 records in group 2 for processing. 
# Notice that this time I didn't pass in a column name to groupby(). Instead, I set the index of the dataframe
# to be STNAME, and if no column identifier is passed groupby() will automatically use the index.

# Let's take one more look at an example of how we might group data. In this example, I want to use a dataset
# of housing from airbnb. In this dataset there are two columns of interest, one is the cancellation_policy
# and the other is the review_scores_value.
df=pd.read_csv("datasets/listings.csv")
df.head()

# So, how would I group by both of these columns? A first approach might be to promote them to a multiindex
# and just call groupby()
df=df.set_index(["cancellation_policy","review_scores_value"])

# When we have a multiindex we need to pass in the levels we are interested in grouping by
for group, frame in df.groupby(level=(0,1)):
    print(group)
('flexible', 2.0) ('flexible', 4.0) ('flexible', 5.0) ('flexible', 6.0) ('flexible', 7.0) ('flexible', 8.0) ('flexible', 9.0) ('flexible', 10.0) ('moderate', 2.0) ('moderate', 4.0) ('moderate', 6.0) ('moderate', 7.0) ('moderate', 8.0) ('moderate', 9.0) ('moderate', 10.0) ('strict', 2.0) ('strict', 3.0) ('strict', 4.0) ('strict', 5.0) ('strict', 6.0) ('strict', 7.0) ('strict', 8.0) ('strict', 9.0) ('strict', 10.0) ('super_strict_30', 6.0) ('super_strict_30', 7.0) ('super_strict_30', 8.0) ('super_strict_30', 9.0) ('super_strict_30', 10.0) 
# This seems to work ok. But what if we wanted to group by the cancelation policy and review scores, but
# separate out all the 10's from those under ten? In this case, we could use a function to manage the
# groupings

def grouping_fun(item):
    # Check the "review_scores_value" portion of the index. item is in the format of
    # (cancellation_policy,review_scores_value
    if item[1] == 10.0:
        return (item[0],"10.0")
    else:
        return (item[0],"not 10.0")

for group, frame in df.groupby(by=grouping_fun):
    print(group)
('flexible', '10.0') ('flexible', 'not 10.0') ('moderate', '10.0') ('moderate', 'not 10.0') ('strict', '10.0') ('strict', 'not 10.0') ('super_strict_30', '10.0') ('super_strict_30', 'not 10.0') 
df.head()

Applying

# To this point we have applied very simple processing to our data after splitting, really just outputting
# some print statements to demonstrate how the splitting works. The pandas developers have three broad
# categories of data processing to happen during the apply step, Aggregation of group data, Transformation of
# group data, and Filtration of group data

Aggregation

# The most straight forward apply step is the aggregation of data, and uses the method agg() on the groupby
# object. Thus far we have only iterated through the groupby object, unpacking it into a label (the group
# name) and a dataframe. But with agg we can pass in a dictionary of the columns we are interested in
# aggregating along with the function we are looking to apply to aggregate.

# Let's reset the index for our airbnb data
df=df.reset_index()

# Now lets group by the cancellation policy and find the average review_scores_value by group
df.groupby("cancellation_policy").agg({"review_scores_value":np.average})

# Hrm. That didn't seem to work at all. Just a bunch of not a numbers. The issue is actually in the function
# that we sent to aggregate. np.average does not ignore nans! However, there is a function we can use for this
df.groupby("cancellation_policy").agg({"review_scores_value":np.nanmean})

# We can just extend this dictionary to aggregate by multiple functions or multiple columns.
df.groupby("cancellation_policy").agg({"review_scores_value":(np.nanmean,np.nanstd),
                                      "reviews_per_month":np.nanmean})

# Take a moment to make sure you understand the previous cell, since it's somewhat complex. First we're doing
# a group by on the dataframe object by the column "cancellation_policy". This creates a new GroupBy object.
# Then we are invoking the agg() function on that object. The agg function is going to apply one or more
# functions we specify to the group dataframes and return a single row per dataframe/group. When we called
# this function we sent it two dictionary entries, each with the key indicating which column we wanted
# functions applied to. For the first column we actually supplied a tuple of two functions. Note that these
# are not function invocations, like np.nanmean(), or function names, like "nanmean" they are references to
# functions which will return single values. The groupby object will recognize the tuple and call each
# function in order on the same column. The results will be in a heirarchical index, but since they are
# columns they don't show as an index per se. Then we indicated another column and a single function we wanted
# to run.

Transformation

# Transformation is different from aggregation. Where agg() returns a single value per column, so one row per
# group, tranform() returns an object that is the same size as the group. Essentially, it broadcasts the
# function you supply over the grouped dataframe, returning a new dataframe. This makes combining data later
# easy.

# For instance, suppose we want to include the average rating values in a given group by cancellation policy,
# but preserve the dataframe shape so that we could generate a difference between an individual observation
# and the sum.

# First, lets define just some subset of columns we are interested in
cols=['cancellation_policy','review_scores_value']
# Now lets transform it, I'll store this in its own dataframe
transform_df=df[cols].groupby('cancellation_policy').transform(np.nanmean)
transform_df.head()

# So we can see that the index here is actually the same as the original dataframe. So lets just join this
# in. Before we do that, lets rename the column in the transformed version
transform_df.rename({'review_scores_value':'mean_review_scores'}, axis='columns', inplace=True)
df=df.merge(transform_df, left_index=True, right_index=True)
df.head()

# Great, we can see that our new column is in place, the mean_review_scores. So now we could create, for
# instance, the difference between a given row and it's group (the cancellation policy) means.
df['mean_diff']=np.absolute(df['review_scores_value']-df['mean_review_scores'])
df['mean_diff'].head()
0 NaN 1 0.307398 2 0.692602 3 0.692602 4 0.762579 Name: mean_diff, dtype: float64

Filtering

# The GroupBy object has build in support for filtering groups as well. It's often that you'll want to group
# by some feature, then make some transformation to the groups, then drop certain groups as part of your
# cleaning routines. The filter() function takes in a function which it applies to each group dataframe and
# returns either a True or a False, depending upon whether that group should be included in the results.

# For instance, if we only want those groups which have a mean rating above 9 included in our results
df.groupby('cancellation_policy').filter(lambda x: np.nanmean(x['review_scores_value'])>9.2)

# Notice that the results are still indexed, but that any of the results which were in a group with a mean
# review score of less than or equal to 9.2 were not copied over.

Applying

# By far the most common operation I invoke on groupby objects is the apply() function. This allows you to
# apply an arbitrary function to each group, and stitch the results back for each apply() into a single
# dataframe where the index is preserved.

# Lets look at an example using our airbnb data, I'm going to get a clean copy of the dataframe
df=pd.read_csv("datasets/listings.csv")
# And lets just include some of the columns we were interested in previously
df=df[['cancellation_policy','review_scores_value']]
df.head()

# In previous work we wanted to find the average review score of a listing and its deviation from the group
# mean. This was a two step process, first we used transform() on the groupby object and then we had to
# broadcast to create a new column. With apply() we could wrap this logic in one place
def calc_mean_review_scores(group):
    # group is a dataframe just of whatever we have grouped by, e.g. cancellation policy, so we can treat
    # this as the complete dataframe
    avg=np.nanmean(group["review_scores_value"])
    # now broadcast our formula and create a new column
    group["review_scores_mean"]=np.abs(avg-group["review_scores_value"])
    return group

# Now just apply this to the groups
df.groupby('cancellation_policy').apply(calc_mean_review_scores).head()

# Using apply can be slower than using some of the specialized functions, especially agg(). But, if your
# dataframes are not huge, it's a solid general purpose approach

Groupby is a powerful and commonly used tool for data cleaning and data analysis. Once you have grouped the data by some category you have a dataframe of just those values and you can conduct aggregated analsyis on the segments that you are interested. The groupby() function follows a split-apply-combine approach - first the data is split into subgroups, then you can apply some transformation, filtering, or aggregation, then the results are combined automatically by pandas for us.