ym2413.c

/*
**
** File: ym2413.c - software implementation of YM2413
**                  FM sound generator type OPLL
**
** Copyright (C) 2002 Jarek Burczynski
**
** Version 1.0
**
**

to do:

- make sure of the sinus amplitude bits

- make sure of the EG resolution bits (looks like the biggest
  modulation index generated by the modulator is 123, 124 = no modulation)
- find proper algorithm for attack phase of EG

- tune up instruments ROM

- support sample replay in test mode (it is NOT as simple as setting bit 0
  in register 0x0f and using register 0x10 for sample data).
  Which games use this feature ?

*/

/** EkeEke (2011): removed multiple chips support, cleaned code & added FM board interface for Genesis Plus GX **/

#include "shared.h"

#define FREQ_SH 16  /* 16.16 fixed point (frequency calculations) */
#define EG_SH   16  /* 16.16 fixed point (EG timing)              */
#define LFO_SH  24  /*  8.24 fixed point (LFO calculations)       */

#define FREQ_MASK    ((1<<FREQ_SH)-1)

/* envelope output entries */
#define ENV_BITS    10
#define ENV_LEN      (1<<ENV_BITS)
#define ENV_STEP    (128.0/ENV_LEN)

#define MAX_ATT_INDEX  ((1<<(ENV_BITS-2))-1) /*255*/
#define MIN_ATT_INDEX  (0)

/* sinwave entries */
#define SIN_BITS    10
#define SIN_LEN      (1<<SIN_BITS)
#define SIN_MASK    (SIN_LEN-1)

#define TL_RES_LEN    (256)  /* 8 bits addressing (real chip) */

/* register number to channel number , slot offset */
#define SLOT1 0
#define SLOT2 1

/* Envelope Generator phases */
#define EG_DMP      5
#define EG_ATT      4
#define EG_DEC      3
#define EG_SUS      2
#define EG_REL      1
#define EG_OFF      0

typedef struct 
{
  UINT32  ar;       /* attack rate: AR<<2           */
  UINT32  dr;       /* decay rate:  DR<<2           */
  UINT32  rr;       /* release rate:RR<<2           */
  UINT8  KSR;       /* key scale rate               */
  UINT8  ksl;       /* keyscale level               */
  UINT8  ksr;       /* key scale rate: kcode>>KSR   */
  UINT8  mul;       /* multiple: mul_tab[ML]        */

  /* Phase Generator */
  UINT32 phase;     /* frequency counter            */
  UINT32 freq;      /* frequency counter step       */
  UINT8 fb_shift;   /* feedback shift value         */
  INT32 op1_out[2]; /* slot1 output for feedback    */

  /* Envelope Generator */
  UINT8  eg_type;   /* percussive/nonpercussive mode  */
  UINT8  state;     /* phase type                     */
  UINT32  TL;       /* total level: TL << 2           */
  INT32  TLL;       /* adjusted now TL                */
  INT32  volume;    /* envelope counter               */
  UINT32  sl;       /* sustain level: sl_tab[SL]      */

  UINT8  eg_sh_dp;  /* (dump state)                   */
  UINT8  eg_sel_dp; /* (dump state)                   */
  UINT8  eg_sh_ar;  /* (attack state)                 */
  UINT8  eg_sel_ar; /* (attack state)                 */
  UINT8  eg_sh_dr;  /* (decay state)                  */
  UINT8  eg_sel_dr; /* (decay state)                  */
  UINT8  eg_sh_rr;  /* (release state for non-perc.)  */
  UINT8  eg_sel_rr; /* (release state for non-perc.)  */
  UINT8  eg_sh_rs;  /* (release state for perc.mode)  */
  UINT8  eg_sel_rs; /* (release state for perc.mode)  */

  UINT32  key;      /* 0 = KEY OFF, >0 = KEY ON */

  /* LFO */
  UINT32  AMmask;   /* LFO Amplitude Modulation enable mask */
  UINT8  vib;       /* LFO Phase Modulation enable flag (active high)*/

  /* waveform select */
  unsigned int wavetable;
} YM2413_OPLL_SLOT;

typedef struct 
{
  YM2413_OPLL_SLOT SLOT[2];

  /* phase generator state */
  UINT32  block_fnum;   /* block+fnum */
  UINT32  fc;           /* Freq. freqement base */
  UINT32  ksl_base;     /* KeyScaleLevel Base step  */
  UINT8   kcode;        /* key code (for key scaling) */
  UINT8   sus;          /* sus on/off (release speed in percussive mode)  */
} YM2413_OPLL_CH;

/* chip state */
typedef struct {
    YM2413_OPLL_CH P_CH[9];   /* OPLL chips have 9 channels */
  UINT8  instvol_r[9];        /* instrument/volume (or volume/volume in percussive mode)  */

  UINT32  eg_cnt;             /* global envelope generator counter  */
  UINT32  eg_timer;           /* global envelope generator counter works at frequency = chipclock/72 */
  UINT32  eg_timer_add;       /* step of eg_timer */
  UINT32  eg_timer_overflow;  /* envelope generator timer overlfows every 1 sample (on real chip) */

  UINT8  rhythm;              /* Rhythm mode  */

  /* LFO */
  UINT32  lfo_am_cnt;
  UINT32  lfo_am_inc;
  UINT32  lfo_pm_cnt;
  UINT32  lfo_pm_inc;

  UINT32  noise_rng;      /* 23 bit noise shift register  */
  UINT32  noise_p;        /* current noise 'phase'  */
  UINT32  noise_f;        /* current noise period */


/* instrument settings */
/*
  0-user instrument
  1-15 - fixed instruments
  16 -bass drum settings
  17,18 - other percussion instruments
*/
  UINT8 inst_tab[19][8];

  UINT32  fn_tab[1024];     /* fnumber->increment counter  */

  UINT8 address;          /* address register */
  UINT8 status;          /* status flag       */

  double clock;         /* master clock  (Hz) */
  int rate;            /* sampling rate (Hz)  */
} YM2413;

/* key scale level */
/* table is 3dB/octave, DV converts this into 6dB/octave */
/* 0.1875 is bit 0 weight of the envelope counter (volume) expressed in the 'decibel' scale */
#define DV (0.1875/1.0)
static const UINT32 ksl_tab[8*16]=
{
  /* OCT 0 */
   0.000/DV, 0.000/DV, 0.000/DV, 0.000/DV,
   0.000/DV, 0.000/DV, 0.000/DV, 0.000/DV,
   0.000/DV, 0.000/DV, 0.000/DV, 0.000/DV,
   0.000/DV, 0.000/DV, 0.000/DV, 0.000/DV,
  /* OCT 1 */
   0.000/DV, 0.000/DV, 0.000/DV, 0.000/DV,
   0.000/DV, 0.000/DV, 0.000/DV, 0.000/DV,
   0.000/DV, 0.750/DV, 1.125/DV, 1.500/DV,
   1.875/DV, 2.250/DV, 2.625/DV, 3.000/DV,
  /* OCT 2 */
   0.000/DV, 0.000/DV, 0.000/DV, 0.000/DV,
   0.000/DV, 1.125/DV, 1.875/DV, 2.625/DV,
   3.000/DV, 3.750/DV, 4.125/DV, 4.500/DV,
   4.875/DV, 5.250/DV, 5.625/DV, 6.000/DV,
  /* OCT 3 */
   0.000/DV, 0.000/DV, 0.000/DV, 1.875/DV,
   3.000/DV, 4.125/DV, 4.875/DV, 5.625/DV,
   6.000/DV, 6.750/DV, 7.125/DV, 7.500/DV,
   7.875/DV, 8.250/DV, 8.625/DV, 9.000/DV,
  /* OCT 4 */
   0.000/DV, 0.000/DV, 3.000/DV, 4.875/DV,
   6.000/DV, 7.125/DV, 7.875/DV, 8.625/DV,
   9.000/DV, 9.750/DV,10.125/DV,10.500/DV,
  10.875/DV,11.250/DV,11.625/DV,12.000/DV,
  /* OCT 5 */
   0.000/DV, 3.000/DV, 6.000/DV, 7.875/DV,
   9.000/DV,10.125/DV,10.875/DV,11.625/DV,
  12.000/DV,12.750/DV,13.125/DV,13.500/DV,
  13.875/DV,14.250/DV,14.625/DV,15.000/DV,
  /* OCT 6 */
   0.000/DV, 6.000/DV, 9.000/DV,10.875/DV,
  12.000/DV,13.125/DV,13.875/DV,14.625/DV,
  15.000/DV,15.750/DV,16.125/DV,16.500/DV,
  16.875/DV,17.250/DV,17.625/DV,18.000/DV,
  /* OCT 7 */
   0.000/DV, 9.000/DV,12.000/DV,13.875/DV,
  15.000/DV,16.125/DV,16.875/DV,17.625/DV,
  18.000/DV,18.750/DV,19.125/DV,19.500/DV,
  19.875/DV,20.250/DV,20.625/DV,21.000/DV
};
#undef DV

/* sustain level table (3dB per step) */
/* 0 - 15: 0, 3, 6, 9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30,33,36,39,42,45 (dB)*/
#define SC(db) (UINT32) ( db * (1.0/ENV_STEP) )
static const UINT32 sl_tab[16]={
 SC( 0),SC( 1),SC( 2),SC(3 ),SC(4 ),SC(5 ),SC(6 ),SC( 7),
 SC( 8),SC( 9),SC(10),SC(11),SC(12),SC(13),SC(14),SC(15)
};
#undef SC


#define RATE_STEPS (8)
static const unsigned char eg_inc[15*RATE_STEPS]={

/*cycle:0 1  2 3  4 5  6 7*/

/* 0 */ 0,1, 0,1, 0,1, 0,1, /* rates 00..12 0 (increment by 0 or 1) */
/* 1 */ 0,1, 0,1, 1,1, 0,1, /* rates 00..12 1 */
/* 2 */ 0,1, 1,1, 0,1, 1,1, /* rates 00..12 2 */
/* 3 */ 0,1, 1,1, 1,1, 1,1, /* rates 00..12 3 */

/* 4 */ 1,1, 1,1, 1,1, 1,1, /* rate 13 0 (increment by 1) */
/* 5 */ 1,1, 1,2, 1,1, 1,2, /* rate 13 1 */
/* 6 */ 1,2, 1,2, 1,2, 1,2, /* rate 13 2 */
/* 7 */ 1,2, 2,2, 1,2, 2,2, /* rate 13 3 */

/* 8 */ 2,2, 2,2, 2,2, 2,2, /* rate 14 0 (increment by 2) */
/* 9 */ 2,2, 2,4, 2,2, 2,4, /* rate 14 1 */
/*10 */ 2,4, 2,4, 2,4, 2,4, /* rate 14 2 */
/*11 */ 2,4, 4,4, 2,4, 4,4, /* rate 14 3 */

/*12 */ 4,4, 4,4, 4,4, 4,4, /* rates 15 0, 15 1, 15 2, 15 3 (increment by 4) */
/*13 */ 8,8, 8,8, 8,8, 8,8, /* rates 15 2, 15 3 for attack */
/*14 */ 0,0, 0,0, 0,0, 0,0, /* infinity rates for attack and decay(s) */
};


#define O(a) (a*RATE_STEPS)

/*note that there is no O(13) in this table - it's directly in the code */
static const unsigned char eg_rate_select[16+64+16]={  /* Envelope Generator rates (16 + 64 rates + 16 RKS) */
/* 16 infinite time rates */
O(14),O(14),O(14),O(14),O(14),O(14),O(14),O(14),
O(14),O(14),O(14),O(14),O(14),O(14),O(14),O(14),

/* rates 00-12 */
O( 0),O( 1),O( 2),O( 3),
O( 0),O( 1),O( 2),O( 3),
O( 0),O( 1),O( 2),O( 3),
O( 0),O( 1),O( 2),O( 3),
O( 0),O( 1),O( 2),O( 3),
O( 0),O( 1),O( 2),O( 3),
O( 0),O( 1),O( 2),O( 3),
O( 0),O( 1),O( 2),O( 3),
O( 0),O( 1),O( 2),O( 3),
O( 0),O( 1),O( 2),O( 3),
O( 0),O( 1),O( 2),O( 3),
O( 0),O( 1),O( 2),O( 3),
O( 0),O( 1),O( 2),O( 3),

/* rate 13 */
O( 4),O( 5),O( 6),O( 7),

/* rate 14 */
O( 8),O( 9),O(10),O(11),

/* rate 15 */
O(12),O(12),O(12),O(12),

/* 16 dummy rates (same as 15 3) */
O(12),O(12),O(12),O(12),O(12),O(12),O(12),O(12),
O(12),O(12),O(12),O(12),O(12),O(12),O(12),O(12),

};
#undef O

/*rate  0,    1,    2,    3,    4,   5,   6,   7,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 */
/*shift 13,   12,   11,   10,   9,   8,   7,   6,  5,  4,  3,  2,  1,  0,  0,  0 */
/*mask  8191, 4095, 2047, 1023, 511, 255, 127, 63, 31, 15, 7,  3,  1,  0,  0,  0 */

#define O(a) (a*1)
static const unsigned char eg_rate_shift[16+64+16]={  /* Envelope Generator counter shifts (16 + 64 rates + 16 RKS) */
/* 16 infinite time rates */
O(0),O(0),O(0),O(0),O(0),O(0),O(0),O(0),
O(0),O(0),O(0),O(0),O(0),O(0),O(0),O(0),

/* rates 00-12 */
O(13),O(13),O(13),O(13),
O(12),O(12),O(12),O(12),
O(11),O(11),O(11),O(11),
O(10),O(10),O(10),O(10),
O( 9),O( 9),O( 9),O( 9),
O( 8),O( 8),O( 8),O( 8),
O( 7),O( 7),O( 7),O( 7),
O( 6),O( 6),O( 6),O( 6),
O( 5),O( 5),O( 5),O( 5),
O( 4),O( 4),O( 4),O( 4),
O( 3),O( 3),O( 3),O( 3),
O( 2),O( 2),O( 2),O( 2),
O( 1),O( 1),O( 1),O( 1),

/* rate 13 */
O( 0),O( 0),O( 0),O( 0),

/* rate 14 */
O( 0),O( 0),O( 0),O( 0),

/* rate 15 */
O( 0),O( 0),O( 0),O( 0),

/* 16 dummy rates (same as 15 3) */
O( 0),O( 0),O( 0),O( 0),O( 0),O( 0),O( 0),O( 0),
O( 0),O( 0),O( 0),O( 0),O( 0),O( 0),O( 0),O( 0),

};
#undef O


/* multiple table */
#define ML 2
static const UINT8 mul_tab[16]= {
/* 1/2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,10,10,12,12,15,15 */
   0.50*ML, 1.00*ML, 2.00*ML, 3.00*ML, 4.00*ML, 5.00*ML, 6.00*ML, 7.00*ML,
   8.00*ML, 9.00*ML,10.00*ML,10.00*ML,12.00*ML,12.00*ML,15.00*ML,15.00*ML
};
#undef ML

/*  TL_TAB_LEN is calculated as:
*  11 - sinus amplitude bits     (Y axis)
*  2  - sinus sign bit           (Y axis)
*  TL_RES_LEN - sinus resolution (X axis)
*/
#define TL_TAB_LEN (11*2*TL_RES_LEN)
static signed int tl_tab[TL_TAB_LEN];

#define ENV_QUIET    (TL_TAB_LEN>>5)

/* sin waveform table in 'decibel' scale */
/* two waveforms on OPLL type chips */
static unsigned int sin_tab[SIN_LEN * 2];


/* LFO Amplitude Modulation table (verified on real YM3812)
   27 output levels (triangle waveform); 1 level takes one of: 192, 256 or 448 samples

   Length: 210 elements.

  Each of the elements has to be repeated
  exactly 64 times (on 64 consecutive samples).
  The whole table takes: 64 * 210 = 13440 samples.

We use data>>1, until we find what it really is on real chip...

*/

#define LFO_AM_TAB_ELEMENTS 210

static const UINT8 lfo_am_table[LFO_AM_TAB_ELEMENTS] = {
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
1,1,1,1,
2,2,2,2,
3,3,3,3,
4,4,4,4,
5,5,5,5,
6,6,6,6,
7,7,7,7,
8,8,8,8,
9,9,9,9,
10,10,10,10,
11,11,11,11,
12,12,12,12,
13,13,13,13,
14,14,14,14,
15,15,15,15,
16,16,16,16,
17,17,17,17,
18,18,18,18,
19,19,19,19,
20,20,20,20,
21,21,21,21,
22,22,22,22,
23,23,23,23,
24,24,24,24,
25,25,25,25,
26,26,26,
25,25,25,25,
24,24,24,24,
23,23,23,23,
22,22,22,22,
21,21,21,21,
20,20,20,20,
19,19,19,19,
18,18,18,18,
17,17,17,17,
16,16,16,16,
15,15,15,15,
14,14,14,14,
13,13,13,13,
12,12,12,12,
11,11,11,11,
10,10,10,10,
9,9,9,9,
8,8,8,8,
7,7,7,7,
6,6,6,6,
5,5,5,5,
4,4,4,4,
3,3,3,3,
2,2,2,2,
1,1,1,1
};

/* LFO Phase Modulation table (verified on real YM2413) */
static const INT8 lfo_pm_table[8*8] = {

/* FNUM2/FNUM = 0 00xxxxxx (0x0000) */
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,

/* FNUM2/FNUM = 0 01xxxxxx (0x0040) */
1, 0, 0, 0,-1, 0, 0, 0,

/* FNUM2/FNUM = 0 10xxxxxx (0x0080) */
2, 1, 0,-1,-2,-1, 0, 1,

/* FNUM2/FNUM = 0 11xxxxxx (0x00C0) */
3, 1, 0,-1,-3,-1, 0, 1,

/* FNUM2/FNUM = 1 00xxxxxx (0x0100) */
4, 2, 0,-2,-4,-2, 0, 2,

/* FNUM2/FNUM = 1 01xxxxxx (0x0140) */
5, 2, 0,-2,-5,-2, 0, 2,

/* FNUM2/FNUM = 1 10xxxxxx (0x0180) */
6, 3, 0,-3,-6,-3, 0, 3,

/* FNUM2/FNUM = 1 11xxxxxx (0x01C0) */
7, 3, 0,-3,-7,-3, 0, 3,
};


/* This is not 100% perfect yet but very close */
/*
 - multi parameters are 100% correct (instruments and drums)
 - LFO PM and AM enable are 100% correct
 - waveform DC and DM select are 100% correct
*/

static unsigned char table[19][8] = {
/* MULT  MULT modTL DcDmFb AR/DR AR/DR SL/RR SL/RR */
/*   0     1     2     3     4     5     6    7    */
  {0x49, 0x4c, 0x4c, 0x12, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 },  /* 0 */

  {0x61, 0x61, 0x1e, 0x17, 0xf0, 0x78, 0x00, 0x17 },  /* 1 */
  {0x13, 0x41, 0x1e, 0x0d, 0xd7, 0xf7, 0x13, 0x13 },  /* 2 */
  {0x13, 0x01, 0x99, 0x04, 0xf2, 0xf4, 0x11, 0x23 },  /* 3 */
  {0x21, 0x61, 0x1b, 0x07, 0xaf, 0x64, 0x40, 0x27 },  /* 4 */

/*{0x22, 0x21, 0x1e, 0x09, 0xf0, 0x76, 0x08, 0x28 },  */ /* 5 */
  {0x22, 0x21, 0x1e, 0x06, 0xf0, 0x75, 0x08, 0x18 },  /* 5 */

/*{0x31, 0x22, 0x16, 0x09, 0x90, 0x7f, 0x00, 0x08 },  */ /* 6 */
  {0x31, 0x22, 0x16, 0x05, 0x90, 0x71, 0x00, 0x13 },  /* 6 */

  {0x21, 0x61, 0x1d, 0x07, 0x82, 0x80, 0x10, 0x17 },  /* 7 */
  {0x23, 0x21, 0x2d, 0x16, 0xc0, 0x70, 0x07, 0x07 },  /* 8 */
  {0x61, 0x61, 0x1b, 0x06, 0x64, 0x65, 0x10, 0x17 },  /* 9 */

/* {0x61, 0x61, 0x0c, 0x08, 0x85, 0xa0, 0x79, 0x07 },  */ /* A */
  {0x61, 0x61, 0x0c, 0x18, 0x85, 0xf0, 0x70, 0x07 },  /* A */

  {0x23, 0x01, 0x07, 0x11, 0xf0, 0xa4, 0x00, 0x22 },  /* B */
  {0x97, 0xc1, 0x24, 0x07, 0xff, 0xf8, 0x22, 0x12 },  /* C */

/* {0x61, 0x10, 0x0c, 0x08, 0xf2, 0xc4, 0x40, 0xc8 },  */ /* D */
  {0x61, 0x10, 0x0c, 0x05, 0xf2, 0xf4, 0x40, 0x44 },  /* D */

  {0x01, 0x01, 0x55, 0x03, 0xf3, 0x92, 0xf3, 0xf3 },  /* E */
  {0x61, 0x41, 0x89, 0x03, 0xf1, 0xf4, 0xf0, 0x13 },  /* F */

/* drum instruments definitions */
/* MULTI MULTI modTL  xxx  AR/DR AR/DR SL/RR SL/RR */
/*   0     1     2     3     4     5     6    7    */
  {0x01, 0x01, 0x16, 0x00, 0xfd, 0xf8, 0x2f, 0x6d },/* BD(multi verified, modTL verified, mod env - verified(close), carr. env verifed) */
  {0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0xd8, 0xd8, 0xf9, 0xf8 },/* HH(multi verified), SD(multi not used) */
  {0x05, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf8, 0xba, 0x49, 0x55 },/* TOM(multi,env verified), TOP CYM(multi verified, env verified) */
};

static signed int output[2];

static UINT32  LFO_AM;
static INT32  LFO_PM;

/* emulated chip */
YM2413 ym2413;

/* advance LFO to next sample */
INLINE void advance_lfo(void)
{
  /* LFO */
  ym2413.lfo_am_cnt += ym2413.lfo_am_inc;
  if (ym2413.lfo_am_cnt >= (LFO_AM_TAB_ELEMENTS<<LFO_SH) )  /* lfo_am_table is 210 elements long */
    ym2413.lfo_am_cnt -= (LFO_AM_TAB_ELEMENTS<<LFO_SH);

  LFO_AM = lfo_am_table[ ym2413.lfo_am_cnt >> LFO_SH ] >> 1;

  ym2413.lfo_pm_cnt += ym2413.lfo_pm_inc;
  LFO_PM = (ym2413.lfo_pm_cnt>>LFO_SH) & 7;
}

/* advance to next sample */
INLINE void advance(void)
{
  YM2413_OPLL_CH *CH;
  YM2413_OPLL_SLOT *op;
  unsigned int i;

  /* Envelope Generator */
  ym2413.eg_timer += ym2413.eg_timer_add;

  while (ym2413.eg_timer >= ym2413.eg_timer_overflow)
  {
    ym2413.eg_timer -= ym2413.eg_timer_overflow;

    ym2413.eg_cnt++;

    for (i=0; i<9*2; i++)
    {
      CH  = &ym2413.P_CH[i>>1];

      op  = &CH->SLOT[i&1];

      switch(op->state)
      {
        case EG_DMP:    /* dump phase */
        /*dump phase is performed by both operators in each channel*/
        /*when CARRIER envelope gets down to zero level,
        **  phases in BOTH opearators are reset (at the same time ?)
        */
          if ( !(ym2413.eg_cnt & ((1<<op->eg_sh_dp)-1) ) )
          {
            op->volume += eg_inc[op->eg_sel_dp + ((ym2413.eg_cnt>>op->eg_sh_dp)&7)];

            if ( op->volume >= MAX_ATT_INDEX )
            {
              op->volume = MAX_ATT_INDEX;
              op->state = EG_ATT;
              /* restart Phase Generator  */
              op->phase = 0;
            }
          }
          break;

        case EG_ATT:    /* attack phase */
          if ( !(ym2413.eg_cnt & ((1<<op->eg_sh_ar)-1) ) )
          {
            op->volume += (~op->volume *
                                           (eg_inc[op->eg_sel_ar + ((ym2413.eg_cnt>>op->eg_sh_ar)&7)])
                                          ) >>2;

            if (op->volume <= MIN_ATT_INDEX)
            {
              op->volume = MIN_ATT_INDEX;
              op->state = EG_DEC;
            }
          }
          break;

        case EG_DEC:  /* decay phase */
          if ( !(ym2413.eg_cnt & ((1<<op->eg_sh_dr)-1) ) )
          {
            op->volume += eg_inc[op->eg_sel_dr + ((ym2413.eg_cnt>>op->eg_sh_dr)&7)];

            if ( op->volume >= op->sl )
              op->state = EG_SUS;
          }
          break;

        case EG_SUS:  /* sustain phase */
          /* this is important behaviour:
          one can change percusive/non-percussive modes on the fly and
          the chip will remain in sustain phase - verified on real YM3812 */

          if(op->eg_type)    /* non-percussive mode (sustained tone) */
          {
                    /* do nothing */
          }
          else        /* percussive mode */
          {
            /* during sustain phase chip adds Release Rate (in percussive mode) */
            if ( !(ym2413.eg_cnt & ((1<<op->eg_sh_rr)-1) ) )
            {
              op->volume += eg_inc[op->eg_sel_rr + ((ym2413.eg_cnt>>op->eg_sh_rr)&7)];

              if ( op->volume >= MAX_ATT_INDEX )
                op->volume = MAX_ATT_INDEX;
            }
            /* else do nothing in sustain phase */
          }
          break;

        case EG_REL:  /* release phase */
        /* exclude modulators in melody channels from performing anything in this mode*/
        /* allowed are only carriers in melody mode and rhythm slots in rhythm mode */

        /*This table shows which operators and on what conditions are allowed to perform EG_REL:
        (a) - always perform EG_REL
        (n) - never perform EG_REL
        (r) - perform EG_REL in Rhythm mode ONLY
          0: 0 (n),  1 (a)
          1: 2 (n),  3 (a)
          2: 4 (n),  5 (a)
          3: 6 (n),  7 (a)
          4: 8 (n),  9 (a)
          5: 10(n),  11(a)
          6: 12(r),  13(a)
          7: 14(r),  15(a)
          8: 16(r),  17(a)
        */
          if ( (i&1) || ((ym2413.rhythm&0x20) && (i>=12)) )/* exclude modulators */
          {
            if(op->eg_type)    /* non-percussive mode (sustained tone) */
            /*this is correct: use RR when SUS = OFF*/
            /*and use RS when SUS = ON*/
            {
              if (CH->sus)
              {
                if ( !(ym2413.eg_cnt & ((1<<op->eg_sh_rs)-1) ) )
                {
                  op->volume += eg_inc[op->eg_sel_rs + ((ym2413.eg_cnt>>op->eg_sh_rs)&7)];
                  if ( op->volume >= MAX_ATT_INDEX )
                  {
                    op->volume = MAX_ATT_INDEX;
                    op->state = EG_OFF;
                  }
                }
              }
              else
              {
                if ( !(ym2413.eg_cnt & ((1<<op->eg_sh_rr)-1) ) )
                {
                  op->volume += eg_inc[op->eg_sel_rr + ((ym2413.eg_cnt>>op->eg_sh_rr)&7)];
                  if ( op->volume >= MAX_ATT_INDEX )
                  {
                    op->volume = MAX_ATT_INDEX;
                    op->state = EG_OFF;
                  }
                }
              }
            }
            else        /* percussive mode */
            {
              if ( !(ym2413.eg_cnt & ((1<<op->eg_sh_rs)-1) ) )
              {
                op->volume += eg_inc[op->eg_sel_rs + ((ym2413.eg_cnt>>op->eg_sh_rs)&7)];
                if ( op->volume >= MAX_ATT_INDEX )
                {
                  op->volume = MAX_ATT_INDEX;
                  op->state = EG_OFF;
                }
              }
            }
          }
          break;

      default:
      break;
      }
    }
  }

  for (i=0; i<9*2; i++)
  {
    CH  = &ym2413.P_CH[i/2];
    op  = &CH->SLOT[i&1];

    /* Phase Generator */
    if(op->vib)
    {
      UINT8 block;

      unsigned int fnum_lfo   = 8*((CH->block_fnum&0x01c0) >> 6);
      unsigned int block_fnum = CH->block_fnum * 2;
      signed int lfo_fn_table_index_offset = lfo_pm_table[LFO_PM + fnum_lfo ];

      if (lfo_fn_table_index_offset)  /* LFO phase modulation active */
      {
        block_fnum += lfo_fn_table_index_offset;
        block = (block_fnum&0x1c00) >> 10;
        op->phase += (ym2413.fn_tab[block_fnum&0x03ff] >> (7-block)) * op->mul;
      }
      else  /* LFO phase modulation  = zero */
      {
        op->phase += op->freq;
      }
    }
    else  /* LFO phase modulation disabled for this operator */
    {
      op->phase += op->freq;
    }
  }

  /*  The Noise Generator of the YM3812 is 23-bit shift register.
  *  Period is equal to 2^23-2 samples.
  *  Register works at sampling frequency of the chip, so output
  *  can change on every sample.
  *
  *  Output of the register and input to the bit 22 is:
  *  bit0 XOR bit14 XOR bit15 XOR bit22
  *
  *  Simply use bit 22 as the noise output.
  */

  ym2413.noise_p += ym2413.noise_f;
  i = ym2413.noise_p >> FREQ_SH;    /* number of events (shifts of the shift register) */
  ym2413.noise_p &= FREQ_MASK;
  while (i)
  {
    /*
    UINT32 j;
    j = ( (chip->noise_rng) ^ (chip->noise_rng>>14) ^ (chip->noise_rng>>15) ^ (chip->noise_rng>>22) ) & 1;
    chip->noise_rng = (j<<22) | (chip->noise_rng>>1);
    */

    /*
      Instead of doing all the logic operations above, we
      use a trick here (and use bit 0 as the noise output).
      The difference is only that the noise bit changes one
      step ahead. This doesn't matter since we don't know
      what is real state of the noise_rng after the reset.
    */

    if (ym2413.noise_rng & 1) ym2413.noise_rng ^= 0x800302;
    ym2413.noise_rng >>= 1;

    i--;
  }
}


INLINE signed int op_calc(UINT32 phase, unsigned int env, signed int pm, unsigned int wave_tab)
{
  UINT32 p = (env<<5) + sin_tab[wave_tab + ((((signed int)((phase & ~FREQ_MASK) + (pm<<17))) >> FREQ_SH ) & SIN_MASK) ];

  if (p >= TL_TAB_LEN)
    return 0;
  return tl_tab[p];
}

INLINE signed int op_calc1(UINT32 phase, unsigned int env, signed int pm, unsigned int wave_tab)
{
  UINT32 p = (env<<5) + sin_tab[wave_tab + ((((signed int)((phase & ~FREQ_MASK) + pm)) >> FREQ_SH ) & SIN_MASK) ];

  if (p >= TL_TAB_LEN)
    return 0;
  return tl_tab[p];
}

#define volume_calc(OP) ((OP)->TLL + ((UINT32)(OP)->volume) + (LFO_AM & (OP)->AMmask))

/* calculate output */
INLINE void chan_calc( YM2413_OPLL_CH *CH )
{
  YM2413_OPLL_SLOT *SLOT;
  unsigned int env;
  signed int out;
  signed int phase_modulation;  /* phase modulation input (SLOT 2) */

  /* SLOT 1 */
  SLOT = &CH->SLOT[SLOT1];
  env  = volume_calc(SLOT);
  out  = SLOT->op1_out[0] + SLOT->op1_out[1];

  SLOT->op1_out[0] = SLOT->op1_out[1];
  phase_modulation = SLOT->op1_out[0];

  SLOT->op1_out[1] = 0;

  if( env < ENV_QUIET )
  {
    if (!SLOT->fb_shift)
      out = 0;
    SLOT->op1_out[1] = op_calc1(SLOT->phase, env, (out<<SLOT->fb_shift), SLOT->wavetable );
  }

  /* SLOT 2 */

  SLOT++;
  env = volume_calc(SLOT);
  if( env < ENV_QUIET )
  {
    output[0] += op_calc(SLOT->phase, env, phase_modulation, SLOT->wavetable);
  }
}

/*
  operators used in the rhythm sounds generation process:

  Envelope Generator:

channel  operator  register number   Bass  High  Snare Tom  Top
/ slot   number    TL ARDR SLRR Wave Drum  Hat   Drum  Tom  Cymbal
 6 / 0   12        50  70   90   f0  +
 6 / 1   15        53  73   93   f3  +
 7 / 0   13        51  71   91   f1        +
 7 / 1   16        54  74   94   f4              +
 8 / 0   14        52  72   92   f2                    +
 8 / 1   17        55  75   95   f5                          +

  Phase Generator:

channel  operator  register number   Bass  High  Snare Tom  Top
/ slot   number    MULTIPLE          Drum  Hat   Drum  Tom  Cymbal
 6 / 0   12        30                +
 6 / 1   15        33                +
 7 / 0   13        31                      +     +           +
 7 / 1   16        34                -----  n o t  u s e d -----
 8 / 0   14        32                                  +
 8 / 1   17        35                      +                 +

channel  operator  register number   Bass  High  Snare Tom  Top
number   number    BLK/FNUM2 FNUM    Drum  Hat   Drum  Tom  Cymbal
   6     12,15     B6        A6      +

   7     13,16     B7        A7            +     +           +

   8     14,17     B8        A8            +           +     +

*/

/* calculate rhythm */

INLINE void rhythm_calc( YM2413_OPLL_CH *CH, unsigned int noise )
{
  YM2413_OPLL_SLOT *SLOT;
  signed int out;
  unsigned int env;
  signed int phase_modulation;  /* phase modulation input (SLOT 2) */


  /* Bass Drum (verified on real YM3812):
    - depends on the channel 6 'connect' register:
        when connect = 0 it works the same as in normal (non-rhythm) mode (op1->op2->out)
        when connect = 1 _only_ operator 2 is present on output (op2->out), operator 1 is ignored
    - output sample always is multiplied by 2
  */


  /* SLOT 1 */
  SLOT = &CH[6].SLOT[SLOT1];
  env = volume_calc(SLOT);

  out = SLOT->op1_out[0] + SLOT->op1_out[1];
  SLOT->op1_out[0] = SLOT->op1_out[1];

  phase_modulation = SLOT->op1_out[0];

  SLOT->op1_out[1] = 0;
  if( env < ENV_QUIET )
  {
    if (!SLOT->fb_shift)
      out = 0;
    SLOT->op1_out[1] = op_calc1(SLOT->phase, env, (out<<SLOT->fb_shift), SLOT->wavetable );
  }

  /* SLOT 2 */
  SLOT++;
  env = volume_calc(SLOT);
  if( env < ENV_QUIET )
    output[1] += op_calc(SLOT->phase, env, phase_modulation, SLOT->wavetable);


  /* Phase generation is based on: */
  /* HH  (13) channel 7->slot 1 combined with channel 8->slot 2 (same combination as TOP CYMBAL but different output phases) */
  /* SD  (16) channel 7->slot 1 */
  /* TOM (14) channel 8->slot 1 */
  /* TOP (17) channel 7->slot 1 combined with channel 8->slot 2 (same combination as HIGH HAT but different output phases) */

  /* Envelope generation based on: */
  /* HH  channel 7->slot1 */
  /* SD  channel 7->slot2 */
  /* TOM channel 8->slot1 */
  /* TOP channel 8->slot2 */


  /* The following formulas can be well optimized.
     I leave them in direct form for now (in case I've missed something).
  */

  /* High Hat (verified on real YM3812) */
  env = volume_calc(&CH[7].SLOT[SLOT1]);
  if( env < ENV_QUIET )
  {

    /* high hat phase generation:
      phase = d0 or 234 (based on frequency only)
      phase = 34 or 2d0 (based on noise)
    */

    /* base frequency derived from operator 1 in channel 7 */
    unsigned char bit7 = ((CH[7].SLOT[SLOT1].phase>>FREQ_SH)>>7)&1;
    unsigned char bit3 = ((CH[7].SLOT[SLOT1].phase>>FREQ_SH)>>3)&1;
    unsigned char bit2 = ((CH[7].SLOT[SLOT1].phase>>FREQ_SH)>>2)&1;

    unsigned char res1 = (bit2 ^ bit7) | bit3;

    /* when res1 = 0 phase = 0x000 | 0xd0; */
    /* when res1 = 1 phase = 0x200 | (0xd0>>2); */
    UINT32 phase = res1 ? (0x200|(0xd0>>2)) : 0xd0;

    /* enable gate based on frequency of operator 2 in channel 8 */
    unsigned char bit5e= ((CH[8].SLOT[SLOT2].phase>>FREQ_SH)>>5)&1;
    unsigned char bit3e= ((CH[8].SLOT[SLOT2].phase>>FREQ_SH)>>3)&1;

    unsigned char res2 = (bit3e | bit5e);

    /* when res2 = 0 pass the phase from calculation above (res1); */
    /* when res2 = 1 phase = 0x200 | (0xd0>>2); */
    if (res2)
      phase = (0x200|(0xd0>>2));


    /* when phase & 0x200 is set and noise=1 then phase = 0x200|0xd0 */
    /* when phase & 0x200 is set and noise=0 then phase = 0x200|(0xd0>>2), ie no change */
    if (phase&0x200)
    {
      if (noise)
        phase = 0x200|0xd0;
    }
    else
    /* when phase & 0x200 is clear and noise=1 then phase = 0xd0>>2 */
    /* when phase & 0x200 is clear and noise=0 then phase = 0xd0, ie no change */
    {
      if (noise)
        phase = 0xd0>>2;
    }

    output[1] += op_calc(phase<<FREQ_SH, env, 0, CH[7].SLOT[SLOT1].wavetable);
  }

  /* Snare Drum (verified on real YM3812) */
  env = volume_calc(&CH[7].SLOT[SLOT2]);
  if( env < ENV_QUIET )
  {
    /* base frequency derived from operator 1 in channel 7 */
    unsigned char bit8 = ((CH[7].SLOT[SLOT1].phase>>FREQ_SH)>>8)&1;

    /* when bit8 = 0 phase = 0x100; */
    /* when bit8 = 1 phase = 0x200; */
    UINT32 phase = bit8 ? 0x200 : 0x100;

    /* Noise bit XOR'es phase by 0x100 */
    /* when noisebit = 0 pass the phase from calculation above */
    /* when noisebit = 1 phase ^= 0x100; */
    /* in other words: phase ^= (noisebit<<8); */
    if (noise)
      phase ^= 0x100;

    output[1] += op_calc(phase<<FREQ_SH, env, 0, CH[7].SLOT[SLOT2].wavetable);
  }

  /* Tom Tom (verified on real YM3812) */
  env = volume_calc(&CH[8].SLOT[SLOT1]);
  if( env < ENV_QUIET )
    output[1] += op_calc(CH[8].SLOT[SLOT1].phase, env, 0, CH[8].SLOT[SLOT1].wavetable);

  /* Top Cymbal (verified on real YM2413) */
  env = volume_calc(&CH[8].SLOT[SLOT2]);
  if( env < ENV_QUIET )
  {
    /* base frequency derived from operator 1 in channel 7 */
    unsigned char bit7 = ((CH[7].SLOT[SLOT1].phase>>FREQ_SH)>>7)&1;
    unsigned char bit3 = ((CH[7].SLOT[SLOT1].phase>>FREQ_SH)>>3)&1;
    unsigned char bit2 = ((CH[7].SLOT[SLOT1].phase>>FREQ_SH)>>2)&1;

    unsigned char res1 = (bit2 ^ bit7) | bit3;

    /* when res1 = 0 phase = 0x000 | 0x100; */
    /* when res1 = 1 phase = 0x200 | 0x100; */
    UINT32 phase = res1 ? 0x300 : 0x100;

    /* enable gate based on frequency of operator 2 in channel 8 */
    unsigned char bit5e= ((CH[8].SLOT[SLOT2].phase>>FREQ_SH)>>5)&1;
    unsigned char bit3e= ((CH[8].SLOT[SLOT2].phase>>FREQ_SH)>>3)&1;

    unsigned char res2 = (bit3e | bit5e);
    /* when res2 = 0 pass the phase from calculation above (res1); */
    /* when res2 = 1 phase = 0x200 | 0x100; */
    if (res2)
      phase = 0x300;

    output[1] += op_calc(phase<<FREQ_SH, env, 0, CH[8].SLOT[SLOT2].wavetable);
  }
}


/* generic table initialize */
static int init_tables(void)
{
  signed int i,x;
  signed int n;
  double o,m;

  for (x=0; x<TL_RES_LEN; x++)
  {
    m = (1<<16) / pow(2, (x+1) * (ENV_STEP/4.0) / 8.0);
    m = floor(m);

    /* we never reach (1<<16) here due to the (x+1) */
    /* result fits within 16 bits at maximum */

    n = (int)m;    /* 16 bits here */
    n >>= 4;    /* 12 bits here */
    if (n&1)    /* round to nearest */
      n = (n>>1)+1;
    else
      n = n>>1;
            /* 11 bits here (rounded) */
    tl_tab[ x*2 + 0 ] = n;
    tl_tab[ x*2 + 1 ] = -tl_tab[ x*2 + 0 ];

    for (i=1; i<11; i++)
    {
      tl_tab[ x*2+0 + i*2*TL_RES_LEN ] =  tl_tab[ x*2+0 ]>>i;
      tl_tab[ x*2+1 + i*2*TL_RES_LEN ] = -tl_tab[ x*2+0 + i*2*TL_RES_LEN ];
    }
  }

  for (i=0; i<SIN_LEN; i++)
  {
    /* non-standard sinus */
    m = sin( ((i*2)+1) * M_PI / SIN_LEN ); /* checked against the real chip */

    /* we never reach zero here due to ((i*2)+1) */

    if (m>0.0)
      o = 8*log(1.0/m)/log(2);  /* convert to 'decibels' */
    else
      o = 8*log(-1.0/m)/log(2);  /* convert to 'decibels' */

    o = o / (ENV_STEP/4);

    n = (int)(2.0*o);
    if (n&1)            /* round to nearest */
      n = (n>>1)+1;
    else
      n = n>>1;

    /* waveform 0: standard sinus  */
    sin_tab[ i ] = n*2 + (m>=0.0? 0: 1 );

    /* waveform 1:  __      __     */
    /*             /  \____/  \____*/
    /* output only first half of the sinus waveform (positive one) */
    if (i & (1<<(SIN_BITS-1)) )
      sin_tab[1*SIN_LEN+i] = TL_TAB_LEN;
    else
      sin_tab[1*SIN_LEN+i] = sin_tab[i];
  }

  return 1;
}


static void OPLL_initalize(void)
{
  int i;

  /* YM2413 always running at original frequency */
  double freqbase = 1.0;

  /* make fnumber -> increment counter table */
  for( i = 0 ; i < 1024; i++ )
  {
    /* OPLL (YM2413) phase increment counter = 18bit */
    ym2413.fn_tab[i] = (UINT32)( (double)i * 64 * freqbase * (1<<(FREQ_SH-10)) ); /* -10 because chip works with 10.10 fixed point, while we use 16.16 */
  }

  /* Amplitude modulation: 27 output levels (triangle waveform); 1 level takes one of: 192, 256 or 448 samples */
  /* One entry from LFO_AM_TABLE lasts for 64 samples */
  ym2413.lfo_am_inc = (1.0 / 64.0 ) * (1<<LFO_SH) * freqbase;

  /* Vibrato: 8 output levels (triangle waveform); 1 level takes 1024 samples */
  ym2413.lfo_pm_inc = (1.0 / 1024.0) * (1<<LFO_SH) * freqbase;

  /* Noise generator: a step takes 1 sample */
  ym2413.noise_f = (1.0 / 1.0) * (1<<FREQ_SH) * freqbase;

  ym2413.eg_timer_add  = (1<<EG_SH) * freqbase;
  ym2413.eg_timer_overflow = ( 1 ) * (1<<EG_SH);
}

INLINE void KEY_ON(YM2413_OPLL_SLOT *SLOT, UINT32 key_set)
{
  if( !SLOT->key )
  {
    /* do NOT restart Phase Generator (verified on real YM2413)*/
    /* phase -> Dump */
    SLOT->state = EG_DMP;
  }
  SLOT->key |= key_set;
}

INLINE void KEY_OFF(YM2413_OPLL_SLOT *SLOT, UINT32 key_clr)
{
  if( SLOT->key )
  {
    SLOT->key &= key_clr;

    if( !SLOT->key )
    {
      /* phase -> Release */
      if (SLOT->state>EG_REL)
        SLOT->state = EG_REL;
    }
  }
}

/* update phase increment counter of operator (also update the EG rates if necessary) */
INLINE void CALC_FCSLOT(YM2413_OPLL_CH *CH,YM2413_OPLL_SLOT *SLOT)
{
  int ksr;
  UINT32 SLOT_rs;
  UINT32 SLOT_dp;

  /* (frequency) phase increment counter */
  SLOT->freq = CH->fc * SLOT->mul;
  ksr = CH->kcode >> SLOT->KSR;

  if( SLOT->ksr != ksr )
  {
    SLOT->ksr = ksr;

    /* calculate envelope generator rates */
    if ((SLOT->ar + SLOT->ksr) < 16+62)
    {
      SLOT->eg_sh_ar  = eg_rate_shift [SLOT->ar + SLOT->ksr ];
      SLOT->eg_sel_ar = eg_rate_select[SLOT->ar + SLOT->ksr ];
    }
    else
    {
      SLOT->eg_sh_ar  = 0;
      SLOT->eg_sel_ar = 13*RATE_STEPS;
    }
    SLOT->eg_sh_dr  = eg_rate_shift [SLOT->dr + SLOT->ksr ];
    SLOT->eg_sel_dr = eg_rate_select[SLOT->dr + SLOT->ksr ];
    SLOT->eg_sh_rr  = eg_rate_shift [SLOT->rr + SLOT->ksr ];
    SLOT->eg_sel_rr = eg_rate_select[SLOT->rr + SLOT->ksr ];

  }

  if (CH->sus)
    SLOT_rs  = 16 + (5<<2);
  else
    SLOT_rs  = 16 + (7<<2);

  SLOT->eg_sh_rs  = eg_rate_shift [SLOT_rs + SLOT->ksr ];
  SLOT->eg_sel_rs = eg_rate_select[SLOT_rs + SLOT->ksr ];

  SLOT_dp  = 16 + (13<<2);
  SLOT->eg_sh_dp  = eg_rate_shift [SLOT_dp + SLOT->ksr ];
  SLOT->eg_sel_dp = eg_rate_select[SLOT_dp + SLOT->ksr ];
}

/* set multi,am,vib,EG-TYP,KSR,mul */
INLINE void set_mul(int slot,int v)
{
  YM2413_OPLL_CH   *CH   = &ym2413.P_CH[slot/2];
  YM2413_OPLL_SLOT *SLOT = &CH->SLOT[slot&1];

  SLOT->mul     = mul_tab[v&0x0f];
  SLOT->KSR     = (v&0x10) ? 0 : 2;
  SLOT->eg_type = (v&0x20);
  SLOT->vib     = (v&0x40);
  SLOT->AMmask  = (v&0x80) ? ~0 : 0;
  CALC_FCSLOT(CH,SLOT);
}

/* set ksl, tl */
INLINE void set_ksl_tl(int chan,int v)
{
  YM2413_OPLL_CH   *CH   = &ym2413.P_CH[chan];
  /* modulator */
  YM2413_OPLL_SLOT *SLOT = &CH->SLOT[SLOT1];

  int ksl = v>>6; /* 0 / 1.5 / 3.0 / 6.0 dB/OCT */

  SLOT->ksl = ksl ? 3-ksl : 31;
  SLOT->TL  = (v&0x3f)<<(ENV_BITS-2-7); /* 7 bits TL (bit 6 = always 0) */
  SLOT->TLL = SLOT->TL + (CH->ksl_base>>SLOT->ksl);
}

/* set ksl , waveforms, feedback */
INLINE void set_ksl_wave_fb(int chan,int v)
{
  YM2413_OPLL_CH   *CH   = &ym2413.P_CH[chan];
  /* modulator */
  YM2413_OPLL_SLOT *SLOT = &CH->SLOT[SLOT1];
  SLOT->wavetable = ((v&0x08)>>3)*SIN_LEN;
  SLOT->fb_shift  = (v&7) ? (v&7) + 8 : 0;

  /*carrier*/
  SLOT = &CH->SLOT[SLOT2];
  SLOT->wavetable = ((v&0x10)>>4)*SIN_LEN;
  v >>= 6; /* 0 / 1.5 / 3.0 / 6.0 dB/OCT */
  SLOT->ksl = v ? 3-v : 31;
  SLOT->TLL = SLOT->TL + (CH->ksl_base>>SLOT->ksl);
}

/* set attack rate & decay rate  */
INLINE void set_ar_dr(int slot,int v)
{
  YM2413_OPLL_CH   *CH   = &ym2413.P_CH[slot/2];
  YM2413_OPLL_SLOT *SLOT = &CH->SLOT[slot&1];

  SLOT->ar = (v>>4)  ? 16 + ((v>>4)  <<2) : 0;

  if ((SLOT->ar + SLOT->ksr) < 16+62)
  {
    SLOT->eg_sh_ar  = eg_rate_shift [SLOT->ar + SLOT->ksr ];
    SLOT->eg_sel_ar = eg_rate_select[SLOT->ar + SLOT->ksr ];
  }
  else
  {
    SLOT->eg_sh_ar  = 0;
    SLOT->eg_sel_ar = 13*RATE_STEPS;
  }

  SLOT->dr    = (v&0x0f)? 16 + ((v&0x0f)<<2) : 0;
  SLOT->eg_sh_dr  = eg_rate_shift [SLOT->dr + SLOT->ksr ];
  SLOT->eg_sel_dr = eg_rate_select[SLOT->dr + SLOT->ksr ];
}

/* set sustain level & release rate */
INLINE void set_sl_rr(int slot,int v)
{
  YM2413_OPLL_CH   *CH   = &ym2413.P_CH[slot/2];
  YM2413_OPLL_SLOT *SLOT = &CH->SLOT[slot&1];

  SLOT->sl  = sl_tab[ v>>4 ];

  SLOT->rr  = (v&0x0f)? 16 + ((v&0x0f)<<2) : 0;
  SLOT->eg_sh_rr  = eg_rate_shift [SLOT->rr + SLOT->ksr ];
  SLOT->eg_sel_rr = eg_rate_select[SLOT->rr + SLOT->ksr ];
}

static void load_instrument(UINT32 chan, UINT32 slot, UINT8* inst )
{
  set_mul(slot, inst[0]);
  set_mul(slot+1, inst[1]);
  set_ksl_tl(chan, inst[2]);
  set_ksl_wave_fb(chan, inst[3]);
  set_ar_dr(slot,   inst[4]);
  set_ar_dr(slot+1, inst[5]);
  set_sl_rr(slot,   inst[6]);
  set_sl_rr(slot+1, inst[7]);
}

static void update_instrument_zero(UINT8 r)
{
  UINT8* inst = &ym2413.inst_tab[0][0]; /* point to user instrument */
  UINT32 chan;

  UINT32 chan_max = 9;
  if (ym2413.rhythm & 0x20)
    chan_max=6;

  switch(r&7)
  {
    case 0:
      for (chan=0; chan<chan_max; chan++)
      {
        if ((ym2413.instvol_r[chan]&0xf0)==0)
        {
          set_mul(chan*2, inst[0]);
        }
      }
      break;

    case 1:
      for (chan=0; chan<chan_max; chan++)
      {
        if ((ym2413.instvol_r[chan]&0xf0)==0)
        {
          set_mul(chan*2+1, inst[1]);
        }
      }
      break;

    case 2:
      for (chan=0; chan<chan_max; chan++)
      {
        if ((ym2413.instvol_r[chan]&0xf0)==0)
        {
          set_ksl_tl(chan, inst[2]);
        }
      }
      break;

    case 3:
      for (chan=0; chan<chan_max; chan++)
      {
        if ((ym2413.instvol_r[chan]&0xf0)==0)
        {
          set_ksl_wave_fb(chan, inst[3]);
        }
      }
      break;

    case 4:
      for (chan=0; chan<chan_max; chan++)
      {
        if ((ym2413.instvol_r[chan]&0xf0)==0)
        {
          set_ar_dr(chan*2, inst[4]);
        }
      }
      break;

    case 5:
      for (chan=0; chan<chan_max; chan++)
      {
        if ((ym2413.instvol_r[chan]&0xf0)==0)
        {
          set_ar_dr(chan*2+1, inst[5]);
        }
      }
      break;

    case 6:
      for (chan=0; chan<chan_max; chan++)
      {
        if ((ym2413.instvol_r[chan]&0xf0)==0)
        {
          set_sl_rr(chan*2, inst[6]);
        }
      }
      break;

    case 7:
      for (chan=0; chan<chan_max; chan++)
      {
        if ((ym2413.instvol_r[chan]&0xf0)==0)
        {
          set_sl_rr(chan*2+1, inst[7]);
        }
      }
      break;
  }
}

/* write a value v to register r on chip chip */
static void OPLLWriteReg(int r, int v)
{
  YM2413_OPLL_CH *CH;
  YM2413_OPLL_SLOT *SLOT;

  /* adjust bus to 8 bits */
  r &= 0xff;
  v &= 0xff;

  switch(r&0xf0)
  {
    case 0x00:  /* 00-0f:control */
    {
      switch(r&0x0f)
      {
        case 0x00:  /* AM/VIB/EGTYP/KSR/MULTI (modulator) */
        case 0x01:  /* AM/VIB/EGTYP/KSR/MULTI (carrier) */
        case 0x02:  /* Key Scale Level, Total Level (modulator) */
        case 0x03:  /* Key Scale Level, carrier waveform, modulator waveform, Feedback */
        case 0x04:  /* Attack, Decay (modulator) */
        case 0x05:  /* Attack, Decay (carrier) */
        case 0x06:  /* Sustain, Release (modulator) */
        case 0x07:  /* Sustain, Release (carrier) */
        {
          ym2413.inst_tab[0][r] = v;
          update_instrument_zero(r);
          break;
        }

        case 0x0e:  /* x, x, r,bd,sd,tom,tc,hh */
        {
          if(v&0x20)
          {
            /* rhythm OFF to ON */
            if ((ym2413.rhythm&0x20)==0)
            {
              /* Load instrument settings for channel seven(chan=6 since we're zero based). (Bass drum) */
              load_instrument(6, 12, &ym2413.inst_tab[16][0]);

              /* Load instrument settings for channel eight. (High hat and snare drum) */
              load_instrument(7, 14, &ym2413.inst_tab[17][0]);

              CH   = &ym2413.P_CH[7];
              SLOT = &CH->SLOT[SLOT1]; /* modulator envelope is HH */
              SLOT->TL  = ((ym2413.instvol_r[7]>>4)<<2)<<(ENV_BITS-2-7); /* 7 bits TL (bit 6 = always 0) */
              SLOT->TLL = SLOT->TL + (CH->ksl_base>>SLOT->ksl);

              /* Load instrument settings for channel nine. (Tom-tom and top cymbal) */
              load_instrument(8, 16, &ym2413.inst_tab[18][0]);

              CH   = &ym2413.P_CH[8];
              SLOT = &CH->SLOT[SLOT1]; /* modulator envelope is TOM */
              SLOT->TL  = ((ym2413.instvol_r[8]>>4)<<2)<<(ENV_BITS-2-7); /* 7 bits TL (bit 6 = always 0) */
              SLOT->TLL = SLOT->TL + (CH->ksl_base>>SLOT->ksl);
            }

            /* BD key on/off */
            if(v&0x10)
            {
              KEY_ON (&ym2413.P_CH[6].SLOT[SLOT1], 2);
              KEY_ON (&ym2413.P_CH[6].SLOT[SLOT2], 2);
            }
            else
            {
              KEY_OFF(&ym2413.P_CH[6].SLOT[SLOT1],~2);
              KEY_OFF(&ym2413.P_CH[6].SLOT[SLOT2],~2);
            }

            /* HH key on/off */
            if(v&0x01) KEY_ON (&ym2413.P_CH[7].SLOT[SLOT1], 2);
            else       KEY_OFF(&ym2413.P_CH[7].SLOT[SLOT1],~2);

            /* SD key on/off */
            if(v&0x08) KEY_ON (&ym2413.P_CH[7].SLOT[SLOT2], 2);
            else       KEY_OFF(&ym2413.P_CH[7].SLOT[SLOT2],~2);

            /* TOM key on/off */
            if(v&0x04) KEY_ON (&ym2413.P_CH[8].SLOT[SLOT1], 2);
            else       KEY_OFF(&ym2413.P_CH[8].SLOT[SLOT1],~2);

            /* TOP-CY key on/off */
            if(v&0x02) KEY_ON (&ym2413.P_CH[8].SLOT[SLOT2], 2);
            else       KEY_OFF(&ym2413.P_CH[8].SLOT[SLOT2],~2);
          }
          else
          {
            /* rhythm ON to OFF */
            if (ym2413.rhythm&0x20)
            {
              /* Load instrument settings for channel seven(chan=6 since we're zero based).*/
              load_instrument(6, 12, &ym2413.inst_tab[ym2413.instvol_r[6]>>4][0]);

              /* Load instrument settings for channel eight.*/
              load_instrument(7, 14, &ym2413.inst_tab[ym2413.instvol_r[7]>>4][0]);

              /* Load instrument settings for channel nine.*/
              load_instrument(8, 16, &ym2413.inst_tab[ym2413.instvol_r[8]>>4][0]);
            }

            /* BD key off */
            KEY_OFF(&ym2413.P_CH[6].SLOT[SLOT1],~2);
            KEY_OFF(&ym2413.P_CH[6].SLOT[SLOT2],~2);

            /* HH key off */
            KEY_OFF(&ym2413.P_CH[7].SLOT[SLOT1],~2);

            /* SD key off */
            KEY_OFF(&ym2413.P_CH[7].SLOT[SLOT2],~2);

            /* TOM key off */
            KEY_OFF(&ym2413.P_CH[8].SLOT[SLOT1],~2);

            /* TOP-CY off */
            KEY_OFF(&ym2413.P_CH[8].SLOT[SLOT2],~2);
          }

          ym2413.rhythm = v&0x3f;
          break;
        }
      }

      break;
    }

    case 0x10:
    case 0x20:
    {
      int block_fnum;

      int chan = r&0x0f;

      if (chan >= 9)
        chan -= 9;  /* verified on real YM2413 */

      CH = &ym2413.P_CH[chan];

      if(r&0x10)
      {
        /* 10-18: FNUM 0-7 */
        block_fnum = (CH->block_fnum&0x0f00) | v;
      }
      else
      {
        /* 20-28: suson, keyon, block, FNUM 8 */
        block_fnum = ((v&0x0f)<<8) | (CH->block_fnum&0xff);

        if(v&0x10)
        {
          KEY_ON (&CH->SLOT[SLOT1], 1);
          KEY_ON (&CH->SLOT[SLOT2], 1);
        }
        else
        {
          KEY_OFF(&CH->SLOT[SLOT1],~1);
          KEY_OFF(&CH->SLOT[SLOT2],~1);
        }

        CH->sus = v & 0x20;
      }

      /* update */
      if(CH->block_fnum != block_fnum)
      {
        UINT8 block;
        CH->block_fnum = block_fnum;

        /* BLK 2,1,0 bits -> bits 3,2,1 of kcode, FNUM MSB -> kcode LSB */
        CH->kcode    = (block_fnum&0x0f00)>>8;

        CH->ksl_base = ksl_tab[block_fnum>>5];

        block_fnum   = block_fnum * 2;
        block        = (block_fnum&0x1c00) >> 10;
        CH->fc       = ym2413.fn_tab[block_fnum&0x03ff] >> (7-block);

        /* refresh Total Level in both SLOTs of this channel */
        CH->SLOT[SLOT1].TLL = CH->SLOT[SLOT1].TL + (CH->ksl_base>>CH->SLOT[SLOT1].ksl);
        CH->SLOT[SLOT2].TLL = CH->SLOT[SLOT2].TL + (CH->ksl_base>>CH->SLOT[SLOT2].ksl);

        /* refresh frequency counter in both SLOTs of this channel */
        CALC_FCSLOT(CH,&CH->SLOT[SLOT1]);
        CALC_FCSLOT(CH,&CH->SLOT[SLOT2]);
      }

      break;
    }

    case 0x30:  /* inst 4 MSBs, VOL 4 LSBs */
    {
      int chan = r&0x0f;

      if (chan >= 9)
        chan -= 9;  /* verified on real YM2413 */

      CH   = &ym2413.P_CH[chan];
      SLOT = &CH->SLOT[SLOT2]; /* carrier */
      SLOT->TL  = ((v&0x0f)<<2)<<(ENV_BITS-2-7); /* 7 bits TL (bit 6 = always 0) */
      SLOT->TLL = SLOT->TL + (CH->ksl_base>>SLOT->ksl);

      /*check wether we are in rhythm mode and handle instrument/volume register accordingly*/
      if ((chan>=6) && (ym2413.rhythm&0x20))
      {
        /* we're in rhythm mode*/

        if (chan>=7) /* only for channel 7 and 8 (channel 6 is handled in usual way)*/
        {
          SLOT = &CH->SLOT[SLOT1]; /* modulator envelope is HH(chan=7) or TOM(chan=8) */
          SLOT->TL  = ((v>>4)<<2)<<(ENV_BITS-2-7); /* 7 bits TL (bit 6 = always 0) */
          SLOT->TLL = SLOT->TL + (CH->ksl_base>>SLOT->ksl);
        }
      }
      else
      {
        if ((ym2413.instvol_r[chan]&0xf0) != (v&0xf0))
        {
          ym2413.instvol_r[chan] = v;  /* store for later use */
          load_instrument(chan, chan * 2, &ym2413.inst_tab[v>>4][0]);
        }
      }

      break;
    }

    default:
      break;
  }
}


void YM2413Init(void)
{
  init_tables();

  /* clear */
  memset(&ym2413,0,sizeof(YM2413));

  /* init global tables */
  OPLL_initalize();
}

void YM2413ResetChip(void)
{
  int c,s;
  int i;

  ym2413.eg_timer = 0;
  ym2413.eg_cnt   = 0;

  ym2413.noise_rng = 1;  /* noise shift register */


  /* setup instruments table */
  for (i=0; i<19; i++)
  {
    for (c=0; c<8; c++)
    {
      ym2413.inst_tab[i][c] = table[i][c];
    }
  }


  /* reset with register write */
  OPLLWriteReg(0x0f,0); /*test reg*/
  for(i = 0x3f ; i >= 0x10 ; i-- ) OPLLWriteReg(i,0x00);

  /* reset operator parameters */
  for( c = 0 ; c < 9 ; c++ )
  {
    YM2413_OPLL_CH *CH = &ym2413.P_CH[c];
    for(s = 0 ; s < 2 ; s++ )
    {
      /* wave table */
      CH->SLOT[s].wavetable = 0;
      CH->SLOT[s].state     = EG_OFF;
      CH->SLOT[s].volume    = MAX_ATT_INDEX;
    }
  }
}

/* YM2413 I/O interface */

void YM2413Write(unsigned int a, unsigned int v)
{
  if( !(a&2) )
  {
    if( !(a&1) )
    {
      /* address port */
      ym2413.address = v & 0xff;
    }
    else
    {
      /* data port */
      OPLLWriteReg(ym2413.address,v);
    }
  }
  else
  {
    /* latched bit (Master System specific) */
    ym2413.status = v & 0x01;
  }
}

unsigned int YM2413Read(unsigned int a)
{
  /* D0=latched bit, D1-D2 need to be zero (Master System specific) */
  return 0xF8 | ym2413.status;
}

void YM2413Update(int *buffer, int length)
{
  int i, out;

  for( i=0; i < length ; i++ )
  {
    output[0] = 0;
    output[1] = 0;

    advance_lfo();

    /* FM part */
    chan_calc(&ym2413.P_CH[0]);
    chan_calc(&ym2413.P_CH[1]);
    chan_calc(&ym2413.P_CH[2]);
    chan_calc(&ym2413.P_CH[3]);
    chan_calc(&ym2413.P_CH[4]);
    chan_calc(&ym2413.P_CH[5]);

    if(!(ym2413.rhythm&0x20))
    {
      chan_calc(&ym2413.P_CH[6]);
      chan_calc(&ym2413.P_CH[7]);
      chan_calc(&ym2413.P_CH[8]);
    }
    else    /* Rhythm part */
    {
      rhythm_calc(&ym2413.P_CH[0], (ym2413.noise_rng>>0)&1 );
    }

    /* Melody (MO) & Rythm (RO) outputs mixing & amplification (latched bit controls FM output) */
    out = (output[0] + (output[1] * 2)) * 2 * ym2413.status;

    /* Store to stereo sound buffer */
    *buffer++ = out;
    *buffer++ = out;

    advance();
  }
}

unsigned char *YM2413GetContextPtr(void)
{
  return (unsigned char *)&ym2413;
}

unsigned int YM2413GetContextSize(void)
{
  return sizeof(YM2413);
}