lec.cpp

/*  cdrdao - write audio CD-Rs in disc-at-once mode
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 1998-2002 Andreas Mueller <[email protected]>
 *
 *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 *  (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *  GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *  along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 *  Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
 */

#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
#include <config.h>
#endif

#include <assert.h>
#include <sys/types.h>

#include "lec.h"

#define GF8_PRIM_POLY 0x11d /* x^8 + x^4 + x^3 + x^2 + 1 */

#define EDC_POLY 0x8001801b /* (x^16 + x^15 + x^2 + 1) (x^16 + x^2 + x + 1) */

#define LEC_HEADER_OFFSET 12
#define LEC_DATA_OFFSET 16
#define LEC_MODE1_DATA_LEN 2048
#define LEC_MODE1_EDC_OFFSET 2064
#define LEC_MODE1_INTERMEDIATE_OFFSET 2068
#define LEC_MODE1_P_PARITY_OFFSET 2076
#define LEC_MODE1_Q_PARITY_OFFSET 2248
#define LEC_MODE2_FORM1_DATA_LEN (2048+8)
#define LEC_MODE2_FORM1_EDC_OFFSET 2072
#define LEC_MODE2_FORM2_DATA_LEN (2324+8)
#define LEC_MODE2_FORM2_EDC_OFFSET 2348


typedef u_int8_t gf8_t;

static u_int8_t GF8_LOG[256];
static gf8_t GF8_ILOG[256];

static const class Gf8_Q_Coeffs_Results_01 {
private:
  u_int16_t table[43][256];
public:
  Gf8_Q_Coeffs_Results_01();
  ~Gf8_Q_Coeffs_Results_01() {}
  const u_int16_t *operator[] (int i) const { return &table[i][0]; }
  operator const u_int16_t *() const	    { return &table[0][0]; }
} CF8_Q_COEFFS_RESULTS_01;

static const class CrcTable {
private:
  u_int32_t table[256];
public:
  CrcTable();
  ~CrcTable() {}
  u_int32_t operator[](int i) const	{ return table[i]; }
  operator const u_int32_t *() const	{ return table;    }
} CRCTABLE;

static const class ScrambleTable {
private:
  u_int8_t table[2340];
public:
  ScrambleTable();
  ~ScrambleTable() {}
  u_int8_t operator[](int i) const	{ return table[i]; }
  operator const u_int8_t *() const	{ return table;    }
} SCRAMBLE_TABLE;

/* Creates the logarithm and inverse logarithm table that is required
 * for performing multiplication in the GF(8) domain.
 */
static void gf8_create_log_tables()
{
  u_int8_t log;
  u_int16_t b;

  for (b = 0; b <= 255; b++) {
    GF8_LOG[b] = 0;
    GF8_ILOG[b] = 0;
  }

  b = 1;

  for (log = 0; log < 255; log++) {
    GF8_LOG[(u_int8_t)b] = log;
    GF8_ILOG[log] = (u_int8_t)b;

    b <<= 1;

    if ((b & 0x100) != 0) 
      b ^= GF8_PRIM_POLY;
  }
}

/* Addition in the GF(8) domain: just the XOR of the values.
 */
#define gf8_add(a,  b) (a) ^ (b)


/* Multiplication in the GF(8) domain: add the logarithms (modulo 255)
 * and return the inverse logarithm. Not used!
 */
#if 0
static gf8_t gf8_mult(gf8_t a, gf8_t b)
{
  int16_t sum;

  if (a == 0 || b == 0)
    return 0;

  sum = GF8_LOG[a] + GF8_LOG[b];

  if (sum >= 255)
    sum -= 255;

  return GF8_ILOG[sum];
}
#endif

/* Division in the GF(8) domain: Like multiplication but logarithms a
 * subtracted.
 */
static gf8_t gf8_div(gf8_t a, gf8_t b)
{
  int16_t sum;

  assert(b != 0);

  if (a == 0)
    return 0;

  sum = GF8_LOG[a] - GF8_LOG[b];

  if (sum < 0)
    sum += 255;

  return GF8_ILOG[sum];
}

Gf8_Q_Coeffs_Results_01::Gf8_Q_Coeffs_Results_01()
{
  int i, j;
  u_int16_t c;
  gf8_t GF8_COEFFS_HELP[2][45]; 
  u_int8_t GF8_Q_COEFFS[2][45];


  gf8_create_log_tables();

  /* build matrix H:
   *  1    1   ...  1   1
   * a^44 a^43 ... a^1 a^0
   *
   * 
   */

  for (j = 0; j < 45; j++) {
    GF8_COEFFS_HELP[0][j] = 1;               /* e0 */
    GF8_COEFFS_HELP[1][j] = GF8_ILOG[44-j];  /* e1 */
  }

  
  /* resolve equation system for parity byte 0 and 1 */
 
  /* e1' = e1 + e0 */
  for (j = 0; j < 45; j++) {
    GF8_Q_COEFFS[1][j] = gf8_add(GF8_COEFFS_HELP[1][j],
				 GF8_COEFFS_HELP[0][j]);
  }

  /* e1'' = e1' / (a^1 + 1) */
  for (j = 0; j < 45; j++) {
    GF8_Q_COEFFS[1][j] = gf8_div(GF8_Q_COEFFS[1][j], GF8_Q_COEFFS[1][43]);
  }

  /* e0' = e0 + e1 / a^1 */
  for (j = 0; j < 45; j++) {
    GF8_Q_COEFFS[0][j] = gf8_add(GF8_COEFFS_HELP[0][j],
				 gf8_div(GF8_COEFFS_HELP[1][j],
					 GF8_ILOG[1]));
  }    

  /* e0'' = e0' / (1 + 1 / a^1) */
  for (j = 0; j < 45; j++) {
    GF8_Q_COEFFS[0][j] = gf8_div(GF8_Q_COEFFS[0][j], GF8_Q_COEFFS[0][44]);
  }

  /* 
   * Compute the products of 0..255 with all of the Q coefficients in
   * advance. When building the scalar product between the data vectors
   * and the P/Q vectors the individual products can be looked up in
   * this table
   *
   * The P parity coefficients are just a subset of the Q coefficients so
   * that we do not need to create a separate table for them. 
   */
  
  for (j = 0; j < 43; j++) {

    table[j][0] = 0;

    for (i = 1; i < 256; i++) {
      c = GF8_LOG[i] + GF8_LOG[GF8_Q_COEFFS[0][j]];
      if (c >= 255) c -= 255;
      table[j][i] = GF8_ILOG[c];

      c = GF8_LOG[i] + GF8_LOG[GF8_Q_COEFFS[1][j]];
      if (c >= 255) c -= 255;
      table[j][i] |= GF8_ILOG[c]<<8;
    }
  }
}

/* Reverses the bits in 'd'. 'bits' defines the bit width of 'd'.
 */
static u_int32_t mirror_bits(u_int32_t d, int bits)
{
  int i;
  u_int32_t r = 0;

  for (i = 0; i < bits; i++) {
    r <<= 1;

    if ((d & 0x1) != 0)
      r |= 0x1;

    d >>= 1;
  }

  return r;
}

/* Build the CRC lookup table for EDC_POLY poly. The CRC is 32 bit wide
 * and reversed (i.e. the bit stream is divided by the EDC_POLY with the
 * LSB first order).
 */
CrcTable::CrcTable ()
{
  u_int32_t i, j;
  u_int32_t r;
  
  for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
    r = mirror_bits(i, 8);

    r <<= 24;

    for (j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
      if ((r & 0x80000000) != 0) {
	r <<= 1;
	r ^= EDC_POLY;
      }
      else {
	r <<= 1;
      }
    }

    r = mirror_bits(r, 32);

    table[i] = r;
  }
}

/* Calculates the CRC of given data with given lengths based on the
 * table lookup algorithm.
 */
static u_int32_t calc_edc(u_int8_t *data, int len)
{
  u_int32_t crc = 0;

  while (len--) {
    crc = CRCTABLE[(int)(crc ^ *data++) & 0xff] ^ (crc >> 8);
  }

  return crc;
}

/* Build the scramble table as defined in the yellow book. The bytes
   12 to 2351 of a sector will be XORed with the data of this table.
 */
ScrambleTable::ScrambleTable()
{
  u_int16_t i, j;
  u_int16_t reg = 1;
  u_int8_t d;

  for (i = 0; i < 2340; i++) {
    d = 0;

    for (j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
      d >>= 1;

      if ((reg & 0x1) != 0)
	d |= 0x80;

      if ((reg & 0x1) != ((reg >> 1) & 0x1)) {
	reg >>= 1;
	reg |= 0x4000; /* 15-bit register */
      }
      else {
	reg >>= 1;
      }
    }

    table[i] = d;
  }
}

/* Calc EDC for a MODE 1 sector
 */
static void calc_mode1_edc(u_int8_t *sector)
{
  u_int32_t crc = calc_edc(sector, LEC_MODE1_DATA_LEN + 16);

  sector[LEC_MODE1_EDC_OFFSET] = crc & 0xffL;
  sector[LEC_MODE1_EDC_OFFSET + 1] = (crc >> 8) & 0xffL;
  sector[LEC_MODE1_EDC_OFFSET + 2] = (crc >> 16) & 0xffL;
  sector[LEC_MODE1_EDC_OFFSET + 3] = (crc >> 24) & 0xffL;
}

/* Calc EDC for a XA form 1 sector
 */
static void calc_mode2_form1_edc(u_int8_t *sector)
{
  u_int32_t crc = calc_edc(sector + LEC_DATA_OFFSET,
			   LEC_MODE2_FORM1_DATA_LEN);

  sector[LEC_MODE2_FORM1_EDC_OFFSET] = crc & 0xffL;
  sector[LEC_MODE2_FORM1_EDC_OFFSET + 1] = (crc >> 8) & 0xffL;
  sector[LEC_MODE2_FORM1_EDC_OFFSET + 2] = (crc >> 16) & 0xffL;
  sector[LEC_MODE2_FORM1_EDC_OFFSET + 3] = (crc >> 24) & 0xffL;
}

/* Calc EDC for a XA form 2 sector
 */
static void calc_mode2_form2_edc(u_int8_t *sector)
{
  u_int32_t crc = calc_edc(sector + LEC_DATA_OFFSET,
			   LEC_MODE2_FORM2_DATA_LEN);

  sector[LEC_MODE2_FORM2_EDC_OFFSET] = crc & 0xffL;
  sector[LEC_MODE2_FORM2_EDC_OFFSET + 1] = (crc >> 8) & 0xffL;
  sector[LEC_MODE2_FORM2_EDC_OFFSET + 2] = (crc >> 16) & 0xffL;
  sector[LEC_MODE2_FORM2_EDC_OFFSET + 3] = (crc >> 24) & 0xffL;
}

/* Writes the sync pattern to the given sector.
 */
static void set_sync_pattern(u_int8_t *sector)
{
  sector[0] = 0;

  sector[1] = sector[2] = sector[3] = sector[4] = sector[5] = 
    sector[6] = sector[7] = sector[8] = sector[9] = sector[10] = 0xff;

  sector[11] = 0;
}


static u_int8_t bin2bcd(u_int8_t b)
{
  return (((b/10) << 4) & 0xf0) | ((b%10) & 0x0f);
}

/* Builds the sector header.
 */
static void set_sector_header(u_int8_t mode, u_int32_t adr, u_int8_t *sector)
{
  sector[LEC_HEADER_OFFSET] = bin2bcd(adr / (60*75));
  sector[LEC_HEADER_OFFSET + 1] = bin2bcd((adr / 75) % 60);
  sector[LEC_HEADER_OFFSET + 2] = bin2bcd(adr % 75);
  sector[LEC_HEADER_OFFSET + 3] = mode;
}

/* Calculate the P parities for the sector.
 * The 43 P vectors of length 24 are combined with the GF8_P_COEFFS.
 */
static void calc_P_parity(u_int8_t *sector)
{
  int i, j;
  u_int16_t p01_msb, p01_lsb;
  u_int8_t *p_lsb_start;
  u_int8_t *p_lsb;
  u_int8_t *p0, *p1;
  u_int8_t d0,d1;

  p_lsb_start = sector + LEC_HEADER_OFFSET;

  p1 = sector + LEC_MODE1_P_PARITY_OFFSET;
  p0 = sector + LEC_MODE1_P_PARITY_OFFSET + 2 * 43;

  for (i = 0; i <= 42; i++) {
    p_lsb = p_lsb_start;

    p01_lsb = p01_msb = 0;

    for (j = 19; j <= 42; j++) {
      d0 = *p_lsb;
      d1 = *(p_lsb+1);

      p01_lsb ^= CF8_Q_COEFFS_RESULTS_01[j][d0];
      p01_msb ^= CF8_Q_COEFFS_RESULTS_01[j][d1];

      p_lsb += 2 * 43;
    }

    *p0 = p01_lsb;
    *(p0 + 1) = p01_msb;
    
    *p1 = p01_lsb>>8;
    *(p1 + 1) = p01_msb>>8;

    p0 += 2;
    p1 += 2;

    p_lsb_start += 2;
  }
}

/* Calculate the Q parities for the sector.
 * The 26 Q vectors of length 43 are combined with the GF8_Q_COEFFS.
 */
static void calc_Q_parity(u_int8_t *sector)
{
  int i, j;
  u_int16_t q01_lsb, q01_msb;
  u_int8_t *q_lsb_start;
  u_int8_t *q_lsb;
  u_int8_t *q0, *q1, *q_start;
  u_int8_t d0,d1;

  q_lsb_start = sector + LEC_HEADER_OFFSET;

  q_start = sector + LEC_MODE1_Q_PARITY_OFFSET;
  q1 = sector + LEC_MODE1_Q_PARITY_OFFSET;
  q0 = sector + LEC_MODE1_Q_PARITY_OFFSET + 2 * 26;

  for (i = 0; i <= 25; i++) {
    q_lsb = q_lsb_start;

    q01_lsb = q01_msb = 0;

    for (j = 0; j <= 42; j++) {
      d0 = *q_lsb;
      d1 = *(q_lsb+1);

      q01_lsb ^= CF8_Q_COEFFS_RESULTS_01[j][d0];
      q01_msb ^= CF8_Q_COEFFS_RESULTS_01[j][d1];

      q_lsb += 2 * 44;

      if (q_lsb >= q_start) {
	q_lsb -= 2 * 1118;
      }
    }

    *q0 = q01_lsb;
    *(q0 + 1) = q01_msb;
    
    *q1 = q01_lsb>>8;
    *(q1 + 1) = q01_msb>>8;

    q0 += 2;
    q1 += 2;

    q_lsb_start += 2 * 43;
  }
}

/* Encodes a MODE 0 sector.
 * 'adr' is the current physical sector address
 * 'sector' must be 2352 byte wide
 */
void lec_encode_mode0_sector(u_int32_t adr, u_int8_t *sector)
{
  u_int16_t i;

  set_sync_pattern(sector);
  set_sector_header(0, adr, sector);

  sector += 16;

  for (i = 0; i < 2336; i++)
    *sector++ = 0;
}

/* Encodes a MODE 1 sector.
 * 'adr' is the current physical sector address
 * 'sector' must be 2352 byte wide containing 2048 bytes user data at
 * offset 16
 */
void lec_encode_mode1_sector(u_int32_t adr, u_int8_t *sector)
{
  set_sync_pattern(sector);
  set_sector_header(1, adr, sector);

  calc_mode1_edc(sector);

  /* clear the intermediate field */
  sector[LEC_MODE1_INTERMEDIATE_OFFSET] =
    sector[LEC_MODE1_INTERMEDIATE_OFFSET + 1] =
    sector[LEC_MODE1_INTERMEDIATE_OFFSET + 2] =
    sector[LEC_MODE1_INTERMEDIATE_OFFSET + 3] =
    sector[LEC_MODE1_INTERMEDIATE_OFFSET + 4] =
    sector[LEC_MODE1_INTERMEDIATE_OFFSET + 5] =
    sector[LEC_MODE1_INTERMEDIATE_OFFSET + 6] =
    sector[LEC_MODE1_INTERMEDIATE_OFFSET + 7] = 0;

  calc_P_parity(sector);
  calc_Q_parity(sector);
}

/* Encodes a MODE 2 sector.
 * 'adr' is the current physical sector address
 * 'sector' must be 2352 byte wide containing 2336 bytes user data at
 * offset 16
 */
void lec_encode_mode2_sector(u_int32_t adr, u_int8_t *sector)
{
  set_sync_pattern(sector);
  set_sector_header(2, adr, sector);
}

/* Encodes a XA form 1 sector.
 * 'adr' is the current physical sector address
 * 'sector' must be 2352 byte wide containing 2048+8 bytes user data at
 * offset 16
 */
void lec_encode_mode2_form1_sector(u_int32_t adr, u_int8_t *sector)
{
  set_sync_pattern(sector);

  calc_mode2_form1_edc(sector);

  /* P/Q partiy must not contain the sector header so clear it */
  sector[LEC_HEADER_OFFSET] =
    sector[LEC_HEADER_OFFSET + 1] =
    sector[LEC_HEADER_OFFSET + 2] =
    sector[LEC_HEADER_OFFSET + 3] = 0;

  calc_P_parity(sector);
  calc_Q_parity(sector);
  
  /* finally add the sector header */
  set_sector_header(2, adr, sector);
}

/* Encodes a XA form 2 sector.
 * 'adr' is the current physical sector address
 * 'sector' must be 2352 byte wide containing 2324+8 bytes user data at
 * offset 16
 */
void lec_encode_mode2_form2_sector(u_int32_t adr, u_int8_t *sector)
{
  set_sync_pattern(sector);

  calc_mode2_form2_edc(sector);

  set_sector_header(2, adr, sector);
}

/* Scrambles and byte swaps an encoded sector.
 * 'sector' must be 2352 byte wide.
 */
void lec_scramble(u_int8_t *sector)
{
  u_int16_t i;
  const u_int8_t *stable = SCRAMBLE_TABLE;
  u_int8_t *p = sector;
  u_int8_t tmp;


  for (i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
      /* just swap bytes of sector sync */
      tmp = *p;
      *p = *(p + 1);
      p++;
      *p++ = tmp;
    }
  for (;i < (2352 / 2); i++) {
      /* scramble and swap bytes */
      tmp = *p ^ *stable++;
      *p = *(p + 1) ^ *stable++;
      p++;
      *p++ = tmp;
    }
}

#if 0
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
  char *infile;
  char *outfile;
  int fd_in, fd_out;
  u_int8_t buffer1[2352];
  u_int8_t buffer2[2352];
  u_int32_t lba;
  int i;

#if 0
  for (i = 0; i < 2048; i++)
    buffer1[i + 16] = 234;

  lba = 150;

  for (i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
    lec_encode_mode1_sector(lba, buffer1);
    lec_scramble(buffer2);
    lba++;
  }

#else

  if (argc != 3)
    return 1;

  infile = argv[1];
  outfile = argv[2];


  if ((fd_in = open(infile, O_RDONLY)) < 0) {
    perror("Cannot open input file");
    return 1;
  }

  if ((fd_out = open(outfile, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0666)) < 0) {
    perror("Cannot open output file");
    return 1;
  }

  lba = 150;

  do {
    if (read(fd_in, buffer1, 2352) != 2352)
      break;

    switch (*(buffer1 + 12 + 3)) {
    case 1:
      memcpy(buffer2 + 16, buffer1 + 16, 2048);

      lec_encode_mode1_sector(lba, buffer2);
      break;

    case 2:
      if ((*(buffer1 + 12 + 4 + 2) & 0x20) != 0) {
	/* form 2 sector */
	memcpy(buffer2 + 16, buffer1 + 16, 2324 + 8);
	lec_encode_mode2_form2_sector(lba, buffer2);
      }
      else {
	/* form 1 sector */
	memcpy(buffer2 + 16, buffer1 + 16, 2048 + 8);
	lec_encode_mode2_form1_sector(lba, buffer2);
      }
      break;
    }

    if (memcmp(buffer1, buffer2, 2352) != 0) {
      printf("Verify error at lba %ld\n", lba);
    }

    lec_scramble(buffer2);
    write(fd_out, buffer2, 2352);

    lba++;
  } while (1);

  close(fd_in);
  close(fd_out);

#endif

  return 0;
}
#endif