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#. type: YAML Front Matter: description
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:1
#, no-wrap
msgid "A guide to writing new rc.d scripts and understanding those already written"
msgstr ""

#. type: Title =
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:1
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:12
#, no-wrap
msgid "Practical rc.d scripting in BSD"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:45
msgid "Abstract"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:49
msgid ""
"Beginners may find it difficult to relate the facts from the formal "
"documentation on the BSD [.filename]#rc.d# framework with the practical "
"tasks of [.filename]#rc.d# scripting.  In this article, we consider a few "
"typical cases of increasing complexity, show [.filename]#rc.d# features "
"suited for each case, and discuss how they work.  Such an examination should "
"provide reference points for further study of the design and efficient "
"application of [.filename]#rc.d#."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:51
msgid "'''"
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:55
#, no-wrap
msgid "Introduction"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:61
msgid ""
"The historical BSD had a monolithic startup script, [.filename]#/etc/rc#.  "
"It was invoked by man:init[8] at system boot time and performed all userland "
"tasks required for multi-user operation: checking and mounting file systems, "
"setting up the network, starting daemons, and so on.  The precise list of "
"tasks was not the same in every system; admins needed to customize it.  With "
"few exceptions, [.filename]#/etc/rc# had to be modified, and true hackers "
"liked it."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:67
msgid ""
"The real problem with the monolithic approach was that it provided no "
"control over the individual components started from [.filename]#/etc/rc#.  "
"For instance, [.filename]#/etc/rc# could not restart a single daemon.  The "
"system admin had to find the daemon process by hand, kill it, wait until it "
"actually exited, then browse through [.filename]#/etc/rc# for the flags, and "
"finally type the full command line to start the daemon again.  The task "
"would become even more difficult and prone to errors if the service to "
"restart consisted of more than one daemon or demanded additional actions.  "
"In a few words, the single script failed to fulfil what scripts are for: to "
"make the system admin's life easier."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:74
msgid ""
"Later there was an attempt to split out some parts of [.filename]#/etc/rc# "
"for the sake of starting the most important subsystems separately.  The "
"notorious example was [.filename]#/etc/netstart# to bring up networking.  It "
"did allow for accessing the network from single-user mode, but it did not "
"integrate well into the automatic startup process because parts of its code "
"needed to interleave with actions essentially unrelated to networking.  That "
"was why [.filename]#/etc/netstart# mutated into [.filename]#/etc/"
"rc.network#.  The latter was no longer an ordinary script; it comprised of "
"large, tangled man:sh[1] functions called from [.filename]#/etc/rc# at "
"different stages of system startup.  However, as the startup tasks grew "
"diverse and sophisticated, the \"quasi-modular\" approach became even more "
"of a drag than the monolithic [.filename]#/etc/rc# had been."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:82
msgid ""
"Without a clean and well-designed framework, the startup scripts had to bend "
"over backwards to satisfy the needs of rapidly developing BSD-based "
"operating systems.  It became obvious at last that more steps are necessary "
"on the way to a fine-grained and extensible [.filename]#rc# system.  Thus "
"BSD [.filename]#rc.d# was born.  Its acknowledged fathers were Luke Mewburn "
"and the NetBSD community.  Later it was imported into FreeBSD.  Its name "
"refers to the location of system scripts for individual services, which is "
"in [.filename]#/etc/rc.d#.  Soon we will learn about more components of the "
"[.filename]#rc.d# system and see how the individual scripts are invoked."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:93
msgid ""
"The basic ideas behind BSD [.filename]#rc.d# are _fine modularity_ and "
"__code reuse__.  _Fine modularity_ means that each basic \"service\" such as "
"a system daemon or primitive startup task gets its own man:sh[1] script able "
"to start the service, stop it, reload it, check its status.  A particular "
"action is chosen by the command-line argument to the script.  The "
"[.filename]#/etc/rc# script still drives system startup, but now it merely "
"invokes the smaller scripts one by one with the `start` argument.  It is "
"easy to perform shutdown tasks as well by running the same set of scripts "
"with the `stop` argument, which is done by [.filename]#/etc/rc.shutdown#.  "
"Note how closely this follows the Unix way of having a set of small "
"specialized tools, each fulfilling its task as well as possible.  _Code "
"reuse_ means that common operations are implemented as man:sh[1] functions "
"and collected in [.filename]#/etc/rc.subr#.  Now a typical script can be "
"just a few lines' worth of man:sh[1] code.  Finally, an important part of "
"the [.filename]#rc.d# framework is man:rcorder[8], which helps [.filename]#/"
"etc/rc# to run the small scripts orderly with respect to dependencies "
"between them.  It can help [.filename]#/etc/rc.shutdown#, too, because the "
"proper order for the shutdown sequence is opposite to that of startup."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:101
msgid ""
"The BSD [.filename]#rc.d# design is described in crossref:rc-"
"scripting[lukem, the original article by Luke Mewburn], and the "
"[.filename]#rc.d# components are documented in great detail in crossref:rc-"
"scripting[manpages, the respective manual pages].  However, it might not "
"appear obvious to an [.filename]#rc.d# newbie how to tie the numerous bits "
"and pieces together to create a well-styled script for a particular task.  "
"Therefore this article will try a different approach to describe "
"[.filename]#rc.d#.  It will show which features should be used in a number "
"of typical cases, and why.  Note that this is not a how-to document because "
"our aim is not at giving ready-made recipes, but at showing a few easy "
"entrances into the [.filename]#rc.d# realm.  Neither is this article a "
"replacement for the relevant manual pages.  Do not hesitate to refer to them "
"for more formal and complete documentation while reading this article."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:105
msgid ""
"There are prerequisites to understanding this article.  First of all, you "
"should be familiar with the man:sh[1] scripting language to master "
"[.filename]#rc.d#.  In addition, you should know how the system performs "
"userland startup and shutdown tasks, which is described in man:rc[8]."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:108
msgid ""
"This article focuses on the FreeBSD branch of [.filename]#rc.d#.  "
"Nevertheless, it may be useful to NetBSD developers, too, because the two "
"branches of BSD [.filename]#rc.d# not only share the same design but also "
"stay similar in their aspects visible to script authors."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:110
#, no-wrap
msgid "Outlining the task"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:114
msgid ""
"A little consideration before starting `$EDITOR` will not hurt.  To write a "
"well-tempered [.filename]#rc.d# script for a system service, we should be "
"able to answer the following questions first:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:116
msgid "Is the service mandatory or optional?"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:117
msgid ""
"Will the script serve a single program, e.g., a daemon, or perform more "
"complex actions?"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:118
msgid "Which other services will our service depend on, and vice versa?"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:120
msgid ""
"From the examples that follow we will see why it is important to know the "
"answers to these questions."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:122
#, no-wrap
msgid "A dummy script"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:125
msgid ""
"The following script just emits a message each time the system boots up:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:129
#, no-wrap
msgid "#!/bin/sh <.>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:131
#, no-wrap
msgid ". /etc/rc.subr <.>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:135
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"name=\"dummy\" <.>\n"
"start_cmd=\"${name}_start\" <.>\n"
"stop_cmd=\":\" <.>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:140
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"dummy_start() <.>\n"
"{\n"
"\techo \"Nothing started.\"\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:143
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"load_rc_config $name <.>\n"
"run_rc_command \"$1\" <.>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:146
msgid "Things to note are:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:152
msgid ""
"&#10122; An interpreted script should begin with the magic \"shebang\" "
"line.  That line specifies the interpreter program for the script.  Due to "
"the shebang line, the script can be invoked exactly like a binary program "
"provided that it has the execute bit set.  (See man:chmod[1].)  For example, "
"a system admin can run our script manually, from the command line:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:156
#, no-wrap
msgid "# /etc/rc.d/dummy start\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:162
msgid ""
"To be properly managed by the [.filename]#rc.d# framework, its scripts need "
"to be written in the man:sh[1] language.  If you have a service or port that "
"uses a binary control utility or a startup routine written in another "
"language, install that element in [.filename]#/usr/sbin# (for the system) or "
"[.filename]#/usr/local/sbin# (for ports) and call it from a man:sh[1] script "
"in the appropriate [.filename]#rc.d# directory."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:167
msgid ""
"If you would like to learn the details of why [.filename]#rc.d# scripts must "
"be written in the man:sh[1] language, see how [.filename]#/etc/rc# invokes "
"them by means of `run_rc_script`, then study the implementation of "
"`run_rc_script` in [.filename]#/etc/rc.subr#."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:173
msgid ""
"&#10123; In [.filename]#/etc/rc.subr#, a number of man:sh[1] functions are "
"defined for an [.filename]#rc.d# script to use.  The functions are "
"documented in man:rc.subr[8].  While it is theoretically possible to write "
"an [.filename]#rc.d# script without ever using man:rc.subr[8], its functions "
"prove extremely handy and make the job an order of magnitude easier. So it "
"is no surprise that everybody resorts to man:rc.subr[8] in [.filename]#rc.d# "
"scripts.  We are not going to be an exception."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:176
msgid ""
"An [.filename]#rc.d# script must \"source\"[.filename]#/etc/rc.subr# "
"(include it using \"`.`\") _before_ it calls man:rc.subr[8] functions so "
"that man:sh[1] has an opportunity to learn the functions.  The preferred "
"style is to source [.filename]#/etc/rc.subr# first of all."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:180
msgid ""
"Some useful functions related to networking are provided by another include "
"file, [.filename]#/etc/network.subr#."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:185
msgid ""
"&#10124; [[name-var]]The mandatory variable `name` specifies the name of our "
"script.  It is required by man:rc.subr[8].  That is, each [.filename]#rc.d# "
"script _must_ set `name` before it calls man:rc.subr[8] functions."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:191
msgid ""
"Now it is the right time to choose a unique name for our script once and for "
"all.  We will use it in a number of places while developing the script.  The "
"content of the name variable needs to match the script name, some parts of "
"FreeBSD (e.g., crossref:rc-scripting[rcng-service-jails, service jails] and "
"the cpuset feature of the rc framework) depend upon this.  As such the "
"filename shall also not contain characters which may be troublesome in "
"scripting (e.g., do not use a hyphen \"-\" and others)."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:198
msgid ""
"The current style of [.filename]#rc.d# scripting is to enclose values "
"assigned to variables in double quotes.  Keep in mind that it is just a "
"style issue that may not always be applicable.  You can safely omit quotes "
"from around simple words without man:sh[1] metacharacters in them, while in "
"certain cases you will need single quotes to prevent any interpretation of "
"the value by man:sh[1].  A programmer should be able to tell the language "
"syntax from style conventions and use both of them wisely."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:204
msgid ""
"&#10125; The main idea behind man:rc.subr[8] is that an [.filename]#rc.d# "
"script provides handlers, or methods, for man:rc.subr[8] to invoke.  In "
"particular, `start`, `stop`, and other arguments to an [.filename]#rc.d# "
"script are handled this way.  A method is a man:sh[1] expression stored in a "
"variable named `argument_cmd`, where _argument_ corresponds to what can be "
"specified on the script's command line.  We will see later how "
"man:rc.subr[8] provides default methods for the standard arguments."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:209
msgid ""
"To make the code in [.filename]#rc.d# more uniform, it is common to use `$"
"{name}` wherever appropriate.  Thus a number of lines can be just copied "
"from one script to another."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:213
msgid ""
"&#10126; We should keep in mind that man:rc.subr[8] provides default methods "
"for the standard arguments.  Consequently, we must override a standard "
"method with a no-op man:sh[1] expression if we want it to do nothing."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:216
msgid ""
"&#10127; The body of a sophisticated method can be implemented as a "
"function.  It is a good idea to make the function name meaningful."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:220
msgid ""
"It is strongly recommended to add the prefix `${name}` to the names of all "
"functions defined in our script so they never clash with the functions from "
"man:rc.subr[8] or another common include file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:224
msgid ""
"&#10128; This call to man:rc.subr[8] loads man:rc.conf[5] variables.  Our "
"script makes no use of them yet, but it still is recommended to load "
"man:rc.conf[5] because there can be man:rc.conf[5] variables controlling "
"man:rc.subr[8] itself."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:227
msgid ""
"&#10129; Usually this is the last command in an [.filename]#rc.d# script.  "
"It invokes the man:rc.subr[8] machinery to perform the requested action "
"using the variables and methods our script has provided."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:229
#, no-wrap
msgid "A configurable dummy script"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:239
msgid ""
"Now let us add some controls to our dummy script.  As you may know, "
"[.filename]#rc.d# scripts are controlled with man:rc.conf[5].  Fortunately, "
"man:rc.subr[8] hides all the complications from us.  The following script "
"uses man:rc.conf[5] via man:rc.subr[8] to see whether it is enabled in the "
"first place, and to fetch a message to show at boot time.  These two tasks "
"in fact are independent.  On the one hand, an [.filename]#rc.d# script can "
"just support enabling and disabling its service.  On the other hand, a "
"mandatory [.filename]#rc.d# script can have configuration variables.  We "
"will do both things in the same script though:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:243
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:334
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:392
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:624
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:755
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:860
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:893
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:927
#, no-wrap
msgid "#!/bin/sh\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:245
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:336
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:394
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:631
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:757
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:862
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:895
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:943
#, no-wrap
msgid ". /etc/rc.subr\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:248
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"name=dummy\n"
"rcvar=dummy_enable <.>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:251
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"start_cmd=\"${name}_start\"\n"
"stop_cmd=\":\"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:255
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"load_rc_config $name <.>\n"
": ${dummy_enable:=no} <.>\n"
": ${dummy_msg=\"Nothing started.\"} <.>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:260
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"dummy_start()\n"
"{\n"
"\techo \"$dummy_msg\" <.>\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:262
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:972
#, no-wrap
msgid "run_rc_command \"$1\"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:265
msgid "What changed in this example?"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:267
msgid ""
"&#10122; The variable `rcvar` specifies the name of the ON/OFF knob variable."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:269
msgid ""
"&#10123; Now `load_rc_config` is invoked earlier in the script, before any "
"man:rc.conf[5] variables are accessed."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:275
msgid ""
"While examining [.filename]#rc.d# scripts, keep in mind that man:sh[1] "
"defers the evaluation of expressions in a function until the latter is "
"called.  Therefore it is not an error to invoke `load_rc_config` as late as "
"just before `run_rc_command` and still access man:rc.conf[5] variables from "
"the method functions exported to `run_rc_command`.  This is because the "
"method functions are to be called by `run_rc_command`, which is invoked "
"_after_ `load_rc_config`."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:281
msgid ""
"&#10124; A warning will be emitted by `run_rc_command` if `rcvar` itself is "
"set, but the indicated knob variable is unset.  If your [.filename]#rc.d# "
"script is for the base system, you should add a default setting for the knob "
"to [.filename]#/etc/defaults/rc.conf# and document it in man:rc.conf[5].  "
"Otherwise it is your script that should provide a default setting for the "
"knob.  The canonical approach to the latter case is shown in the example."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:288
msgid ""
"You can make man:rc.subr[8] act as though the knob is set to `ON`, "
"irrespective of its current setting, by prefixing the argument to the script "
"with `one` or `force`, as in `onestart` or `forcestop`.  Keep in mind though "
"that `force` has other dangerous effects we will touch upon below, while "
"`one` just overrides the ON/OFF knob.  E.g., assume that `dummy_enable` is "
"`OFF`.  The following command will run the `start` method in spite of the "
"setting:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:292
#, no-wrap
msgid "# /etc/rc.d/dummy onestart\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:299
msgid ""
"&#10125; Now the message to be shown at boot time is no longer hard-coded in "
"the script.  It is specified by an man:rc.conf[5] variable named "
"`dummy_msg`.  This is a trivial example of how man:rc.conf[5] variables can "
"control an [.filename]#rc.d# script."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:304
msgid ""
"The names of all man:rc.conf[5] variables used exclusively by our script "
"_must_ have the same prefix: `${name}_`.  For example: `dummy_mode`, "
"`dummy_state_file`, and so on."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:309
msgid ""
"While it is possible to use a shorter name internally, e.g., just `msg`, "
"adding the unique prefix `${name}_` to all global names introduced by our "
"script will save us from possible collisions with the man:rc.subr[8] "
"namespace."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:312
msgid ""
"As a rule, [.filename]#rc.d# scripts of the base system need not provide "
"defaults for their man:rc.conf[5] variables because the defaults should be "
"set in [.filename]#/etc/defaults/rc.conf# instead.  On the other hand, "
"[.filename]#rc.d# scripts for ports should provide the defaults as shown in "
"the example."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:316
msgid ""
"&#10126; Here we use `dummy_msg` to actually control our script, i.e., to "
"emit a variable message.  Use of a shell function is overkill here, since it "
"only runs a single command; an equally valid alternative is:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:320
#, no-wrap
msgid "start_cmd=\"echo \\\"$dummy_msg\\\"\"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:323
#, no-wrap
msgid "Startup and shutdown of a simple daemon"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:330
msgid ""
"We said earlier that man:rc.subr[8] could provide default methods.  "
"Obviously, such defaults cannot be too general.  They are suited for the "
"common case of starting and shutting down a simple daemon program.  Let us "
"assume now that we need to write an [.filename]#rc.d# script for such a "
"daemon called `mumbled`.  Here it is:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:339
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:397
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:634
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"name=mumbled\n"
"rcvar=mumbled_enable\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:341
#, no-wrap
msgid "command=\"/usr/sbin/${name}\" <.>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:344
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:443
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:649
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:876
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"load_rc_config $name\n"
"run_rc_command \"$1\"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:348
msgid ""
"Pleasingly simple, isn't it? Let us examine our little script.  The only new "
"thing to note is as follows:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:352
msgid ""
"&#10122; The `command` variable is meaningful to man:rc.subr[8].  If it is "
"set, man:rc.subr[8] will act according to the scenario of serving a "
"conventional daemon.  In particular, the default methods will be provided "
"for such arguments: `start`, `stop`, `restart`, `poll`, and `status`."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:361
msgid ""
"The daemon will be started by running `$command` with command-line flags "
"specified by `$mumbled_flags`.  Thus all the input data for the default "
"`start` method are available in the variables set by our script.  Unlike "
"`start`, other methods may require additional information about the process "
"started.  For instance, `stop` must know the PID of the process to terminate "
"it.  In the present case, man:rc.subr[8] will scan through the list of all "
"processes, looking for a process with its name equal to `procname`.  The "
"latter is another variable of meaning to man:rc.subr[8], and its value "
"defaults to that of `command`.  In other words, when we set `command`, "
"`procname` is effectively set to the same value.  This enables our script to "
"kill the daemon and to check if it is running in the first place."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:368
msgid ""
"Some programs are in fact executable scripts.  The system runs such a script "
"by starting its interpreter and passing the name of the script to it as a "
"command-line argument.  This is reflected in the list of processes, which "
"can confuse man:rc.subr[8].  You should additionally set "
"`command_interpreter` to let man:rc.subr[8] know the actual name of the "
"process if `$command` is a script."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:374
msgid ""
"For each [.filename]#rc.d# script, there is an optional man:rc.conf[5] "
"variable that takes precedence over `command`.  Its name is constructed as "
"follows: `${name}_program`, where `name` is the mandatory variable we "
"discussed crossref:rc-scripting[name-var, earlier].  E.g., in this case it "
"will be `mumbled_program`.  It is man:rc.subr[8] that arranges `${name}"
"_program` to override `command`."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:378
msgid ""
"Of course, man:sh[1] will permit you to set `${name}_program` from "
"man:rc.conf[5] or the script itself even if `command` is unset.  In that "
"case, the special properties of `${name}_program` are lost, and it becomes "
"an ordinary variable your script can use for its own purposes.  However, the "
"sole use of `${name}_program` is discouraged because using it together with "
"`command` became an idiom of [.filename]#rc.d# scripting."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:381
msgid ""
"For more detailed information on default methods, refer to man:rc.subr[8]."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:383
#, no-wrap
msgid "Startup and shutdown of an advanced daemon"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:388
msgid ""
"Let us add some meat onto the bones of the previous script and make it more "
"complex and featureful.  The default methods can do a good job for us, but "
"we may need some of their aspects tweaked.  Now we will learn how to tune "
"the default methods to our needs."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:400
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"command=\"/usr/sbin/${name}\"\n"
"command_args=\"mock arguments > /dev/null 2>&1\" <.>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:402
#, no-wrap
msgid "pidfile=\"/var/run/${name}.pid\" <.>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:404
#, no-wrap
msgid "required_files=\"/etc/${name}.conf /usr/share/misc/${name}.rules\" <.>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:406
#, no-wrap
msgid "sig_reload=\"USR1\" <.>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:409
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"start_precmd=\"${name}_prestart\" <.>\n"
"stop_postcmd=\"echo Bye-bye\" <.>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:411
#, no-wrap
msgid "extra_commands=\"reload plugh xyzzy\" <.>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:414
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"plugh_cmd=\"mumbled_plugh\" <.>\n"
"xyzzy_cmd=\"echo 'Nothing happens.'\"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:435
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"mumbled_prestart()\n"
"{\n"
"\tif checkyesno mumbled_smart; then <.>\n"
"\t\trc_flags=\"-o smart ${rc_flags}\" <.>\n"
"\tfi\n"
"\tcase \"$mumbled_mode\" in\n"
"\tfoo)\n"
"\t\trc_flags=\"-frotz ${rc_flags}\"\n"
"\t\t;;\n"
"\tbar)\n"
"\t\trc_flags=\"-baz ${rc_flags}\"\n"
"\t\t;;\n"
"\t*)\n"
"\t\twarn \"Invalid value for mumbled_mode\" <.>\n"
"\t\treturn 1 <.>\n"
"\t\t;;\n"
"\tesac\n"
"\trun_rc_command xyzzy <.>\n"
"\treturn 0\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:440
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"mumbled_plugh() <.>\n"
"{\n"
"\techo 'A hollow voice says \"plugh\".'\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:448
msgid ""
"&#10122; Additional arguments to `$command` can be passed in "
"`command_args`.  They will be added to the command line after "
"`$mumbled_flags`.  Since the final command line is passed to `eval` for its "
"actual execution, input and output redirections can be specified in "
"`command_args`."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:455
msgid ""
"_Never_ include dashed options, like `-X` or `--foo`, in `command_args`.  "
"The contents of `command_args` will appear at the end of the final command "
"line, hence they are likely to follow arguments present in `${name}_flags`; "
"but most commands will not recognize dashed options after ordinary "
"arguments.  A better way of passing additional options to `$command` is to "
"add them to the beginning of `${name}_flags`.  Another way is to modify "
"`rc_flags` crossref:rc-scripting[rc-flags, as shown later]."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:459
msgid ""
"&#10123; A good-mannered daemon should create a _pidfile_ so that its "
"process can be found more easily and reliably.  The variable `pidfile`, if "
"set, tells man:rc.subr[8] where it can find the pidfile for its default "
"methods to use."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:464
msgid ""
"In fact, man:rc.subr[8] will also use the pidfile to see if the daemon is "
"already running before starting it.  This check can be skipped by using the "
"`faststart` argument."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:469
msgid ""
"&#10124; If the daemon cannot run unless certain files exist, just list them "
"in `required_files`, and man:rc.subr[8] will check that those files do exist "
"before starting the daemon.  There also are `required_dirs` and "
"`required_vars` for directories and environment variables, respectively.  "
"They all are described in detail in man:rc.subr[8]."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:473
msgid ""
"The default method from man:rc.subr[8] can be forced to skip the "
"prerequisite checks by using `forcestart` as the argument to the script."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:479
msgid ""
"&#10125; We can customize signals to send to the daemon in case they differ "
"from the well-known ones.  In particular, `sig_reload` specifies the signal "
"that makes the daemon reload its configuration; it is SIGHUP by default.  "
"Another signal is sent to stop the daemon process; the default is SIGTERM, "
"but this can be changed by setting `sig_stop` appropriately."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:484
msgid ""
"The signal names should be specified to man:rc.subr[8] without the `SIG` "
"prefix, as it is shown in the example.  The FreeBSD version of man:kill[1] "
"can recognize the `SIG` prefix, but the versions from other OS types may not."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:489
msgid ""
"&#10126;&#10127; Performing additional tasks before or after the default "
"methods is easy.  For each command-argument supported by our script, we can "
"define `argument_precmd` and `argument_postcmd`.  These man:sh[1] commands "
"are invoked before and after the respective method, as it is evident from "
"their names."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:495
msgid ""
"Overriding a default method with a custom `argument_cmd` still does not "
"prevent us from making use of `argument_precmd` or `argument_postcmd` if we "
"need to.  In particular, the former is good for checking custom, "
"sophisticated conditions that should be met before performing the command "
"itself.  Using `argument_precmd` along with `argument_cmd` lets us logically "
"separate the checks from the action."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:498
msgid ""
"Do not forget that you can cram any valid man:sh[1] expressions into the "
"methods, pre-, and post-commands you define.  Just invoking a function that "
"makes the real job is a good style in most cases, but never let style limit "
"your understanding of what is going on behind the curtain."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:501
msgid ""
"&#10128; If we would like to implement custom arguments, which can also be "
"thought of as _commands_ to our script, we need to list them in "
"`extra_commands` and provide methods to handle them."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:509
msgid ""
"The `reload` command is special. On the one hand, it has a preset method in "
"man:rc.subr[8].  On the other hand, `reload` is not offered by default.  The "
"reason is that not all daemons use the same reload mechanism and some have "
"nothing to reload at all.  So we need to ask explicitly that the builtin "
"functionality be provided.  We can do so via `extra_commands`."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:513
msgid ""
"What do we get from the default method for `reload`? Quite often daemons "
"reload their configuration upon reception of a signal - typically, SIGHUP.  "
"Therefore man:rc.subr[8] attempts to reload the daemon by sending a signal "
"to it.  The signal is preset to SIGHUP but can be customized via "
"`sig_reload` if necessary."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:518
msgid ""
"&#10129;&#9454; Our script supports two non-standard commands, `plugh` and "
"`xyzzy`.  We saw them listed in `extra_commands`, and now it is time to "
"provide methods for them.  The method for `xyzzy` is just inlined while that "
"for `plugh` is implemented as the `mumbled_plugh` function."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:522
msgid ""
"Non-standard commands are not invoked during startup or shutdown.  Usually "
"they are for the system admin's convenience.  They can also be used from "
"other subsystems, e.g., man:devd[8] if specified in man:devd.conf[5]."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:525
msgid ""
"The full list of available commands can be found in the usage line printed "
"by man:rc.subr[8] when the script is invoked without arguments.  For "
"example, here is the usage line from the script under study:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:530
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# /etc/rc.d/mumbled\n"
"Usage: /etc/rc.d/mumbled [fast|force|one](start|stop|restart|rcvar|reload|plugh|xyzzy|status|poll)\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:537
msgid ""
"&#9453; A script can invoke its own standard or non-standard commands if "
"needed.  This may look similar to calling functions, but we know that "
"commands and shell functions are not always the same thing.  For instance, "
"`xyzzy` is not implemented as a function here.  In addition, there can be a "
"pre-command and post-command, which should be invoked orderly.  So the "
"proper way for a script to run its own command is by means of "
"man:rc.subr[8], as shown in the example."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:543
msgid ""
"&#10130; A handy function named `checkyesno` is provided by man:rc.subr[8].  "
"It takes a variable name as its argument and returns a zero exit code if and "
"only if the variable is set to `YES`, or `TRUE`, or `ON`, or `1`, case "
"insensitive; a non-zero exit code is returned otherwise.  In the latter "
"case, the function tests the variable for being set to `NO`, `FALSE`, `OFF`, "
"or `0`, case insensitive; it prints a warning message if the variable "
"contains anything else, i.e., junk."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:545
msgid ""
"Keep in mind that for man:sh[1] a zero exit code means true and a non-zero "
"exit code means false."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:550
msgid ""
"The `checkyesno` function takes a __variable name__.  Do not pass the "
"expanded _value_ of a variable to it; it will not work as expected."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:552
msgid "The following is the correct usage of `checkyesno`:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:558
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"if checkyesno mumbled_enable; then\n"
"        foo\n"
"fi\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:561
msgid ""
"On the contrary, calling `checkyesno` as shown below will not work - at "
"least not as expected:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:567
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"if checkyesno \"${mumbled_enable}\"; then\n"
"        foo\n"
"fi\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:572
msgid ""
"&#10131; [[rc-flags]]We can affect the flags to be passed to `$command` by "
"modifying `rc_flags` in `$start_precmd`."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:576
msgid ""
"&#9451; In certain cases we may need to emit an important message that "
"should go to `syslog` as well.  This can be done easily with the following "
"man:rc.subr[8] functions: `debug`, `info`, `warn`, and `err`.  The latter "
"function then exits the script with the code specified."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:580
msgid ""
"&#9452; The exit codes from methods and their pre-commands are not just "
"ignored by default.  If `argument_precmd` returns a non-zero exit code, the "
"main method will not be performed.  In turn, `argument_postcmd` will not be "
"invoked unless the main method returns a zero exit code."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:584
msgid ""
"However, man:rc.subr[8] can be instructed from the command line to ignore "
"those exit codes and invoke all commands anyway by prefixing an argument "
"with `force`, as in `forcestart`."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:587
#, no-wrap
msgid "Connecting a script to the rc.d framework"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:594
msgid ""
"After a script has been written, it needs to be integrated into "
"[.filename]#rc.d#.  The crucial step is to install the script in "
"[.filename]#/etc/rc.d# (for the base system) or [.filename]#/usr/local/etc/"
"rc.d# (for ports).  Both [.filename]#bsd.prog.mk# and "
"[.filename]#bsd.port.mk# provide convenient hooks for that, and usually you "
"do not have to worry about the proper ownership and mode.  System scripts "
"should be installed from [.filename]#src/libexec/rc/rc.d# through the "
"[.filename]#Makefile# found there.  Port scripts can be installed using "
"`USE_RC_SUBR` as described extref:{porters-handbook}special[in the Porter's "
"Handbook, rc-scripts]."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:599
msgid ""
"However, we should consider beforehand the place of our script in the system "
"startup sequence.  The service handled by our script is likely to depend on "
"other services.  For instance, a network daemon cannot function without the "
"network interfaces and routing up and running.  Even if a service seems to "
"demand nothing, it can hardly start before the basic filesystems have been "
"checked and mounted."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:605
msgid ""
"We mentioned man:rcorder[8] already.  Now it is time to have a close look at "
"it.  In a nutshell, man:rcorder[8] takes a set of files, examines their "
"contents, and prints a dependency-ordered list of files from the set to "
"`stdout`.  The point is to keep dependency information _inside_ the files so "
"that each file can speak for itself only.  A file can specify the following "
"information:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:607
msgid ""
"the names of the \"conditions\" (which means services to us) it __provides__;"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:608
msgid "the names of the \"conditions\" it __requires__;"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:609
msgid "the names of the \"conditions\" this file should run __before__;"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:610
msgid ""
"additional _keywords_ that can be used to select a subset from the whole set "
"of files (man:rcorder[8] can be instructed via options to include or omit "
"the files having particular keywords listed.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:615
msgid ""
"It is no surprise that man:rcorder[8] can handle only text files with a "
"syntax close to that of man:sh[1].  That is, special lines understood by "
"man:rcorder[8] look like man:sh[1] comments.  The syntax of such special "
"lines is rather rigid to simplify their processing.  See man:rcorder[8] for "
"details."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:618
msgid ""
"Besides using man:rcorder[8] special lines, a script can insist on its "
"dependency upon another service by just starting it forcibly.  This can be "
"needed when the other service is optional and will not start by itself "
"because the system admin has disabled it mistakenly in man:rc.conf[5]."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:620
msgid ""
"With this general knowledge in mind, let us consider the simple daemon "
"script enhanced with dependency stuff:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:629
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# PROVIDE: mumbled oldmumble <.>\n"
"# REQUIRE: DAEMON cleanvar frotz <.>\n"
"# BEFORE:  LOGIN <.>\n"
"# KEYWORD: nojail shutdown <.>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:637
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"command=\"/usr/sbin/${name}\"\n"
"start_precmd=\"${name}_prestart\"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:646
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"mumbled_prestart()\n"
"{\n"
"\tif ! checkyesno frotz_enable && \\\n"
"\t    ! /etc/rc.d/frotz forcestatus 1>/dev/null 2>&1; then\n"
"\t\tforce_depend frotz || return 1 <.>\n"
"\tfi\n"
"\treturn 0\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:652
msgid "As before, detailed analysis follows:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:655
msgid ""
"&#10122; That line declares the names of \"conditions\" our script "
"provides.  Now other scripts can record a dependency on our script by those "
"names."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:660
msgid ""
"Usually a script specifies a single condition provided.  However, nothing "
"prevents us from listing several conditions there, e.g., for compatibility "
"reasons."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:662
msgid ""
"In any case, the name of the main, or the only, `PROVIDE:` condition should "
"be the same as `${name}`."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:666
msgid ""
"&#10123;&#10124; So our script indicates which \"conditions\" provided by "
"other scripts it depends on.  According to the lines, our script asks "
"man:rcorder[8] to put it after the script(s) providing [.filename]#DAEMON# "
"and [.filename]#cleanvar#, but before that providing [.filename]#LOGIN#."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:672
msgid ""
"The `BEFORE:` line should not be abused to work around an incomplete "
"dependency list in the other script.  The appropriate case for using "
"`BEFORE:` is when the other script does not care about ours, but our script "
"can do its task better if run before the other one.  A typical real-life "
"example is the network interfaces vs. the firewall: While the interfaces do "
"not depend on the firewall in doing their job, the system security will "
"benefit from the firewall being ready before there is any network traffic."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:676
msgid ""
"Besides conditions corresponding to a single service each, there are meta-"
"conditions and their \"placeholder\" scripts used to ensure that certain "
"groups of operations are performed before others.  These are denoted by "
"[.filename]#UPPERCASE# names.  Their list and purposes can be found in "
"man:rc[8]."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:682
msgid ""
"Keep in mind that putting a service name in the `REQUIRE:` line does not "
"guarantee that the service will actually be running by the time our script "
"starts.  The required service may fail to start or just be disabled in "
"man:rc.conf[5].  Obviously, man:rcorder[8] cannot track such details, and "
"man:rc[8] will not do that either.  Consequently, the application started by "
"our script should be able to cope with any required services being "
"unavailable.  In certain cases, we can help it as discussed crossref:rc-"
"scripting[forcedep, below]"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:687
msgid ""
"[[keywords]]&#10125; As we remember from the above text, man:rcorder[8] "
"keywords can be used to select or leave out some scripts.  Namely any "
"man:rcorder[8] consumer can specify through `-k` and `-s` options which "
"keywords are on the \"keep list\" and \"skip list\", respectively.  From all "
"the files to be dependency sorted, man:rcorder[8] will pick only those "
"having a keyword from the keep list (unless empty) and not having a keyword "
"from the skip list."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:690
msgid ""
"In FreeBSD, man:rcorder[8] is used by [.filename]#/etc/rc# and [.filename]#/"
"etc/rc.shutdown#.  These two scripts define the standard list of FreeBSD "
"[.filename]#rc.d# keywords and their meanings as follows:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Labeled list
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:691
#, no-wrap
msgid "nojail"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:693
msgid ""
"The service is not for man:jail[8] environment.  The automatic startup and "
"shutdown procedures will ignore the script if inside a jail."
msgstr ""

#. type: Labeled list
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:694
#, no-wrap
msgid "nostart"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:697
msgid ""
"The service is to be started manually or not started at all.  The automatic "
"startup procedure will ignore the script.  In conjunction with the "
"[.filename]#shutdown# keyword, this can be used to write scripts that do "
"something only at system shutdown."
msgstr ""

#. type: Labeled list
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:698
#, no-wrap
msgid "shutdown"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:699
msgid ""
"This keyword is to be listed __explicitly__ if the service needs to be "
"stopped before system shutdown."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:712
msgid ""
"When the system is going to shut down, [.filename]#/etc/rc.shutdown# runs.  "
"It assumes that most [.filename]#rc.d# scripts have nothing to do at that "
"time.  Therefore [.filename]#/etc/rc.shutdown# selectively invokes "
"[.filename]#rc.d# scripts with the [.filename]#shutdown# keyword, "
"effectively ignoring the rest of the scripts.  For even faster shutdown, "
"[.filename]#/etc/rc.shutdown# passes the [.filename]#faststop# command to "
"the scripts it runs so that they skip preliminary checks, e.g., the pidfile "
"check.  As dependent services should be stopped before their prerequisites, "
"[.filename]#/etc/rc.shutdown# runs the scripts in reverse dependency order.  "
"If writing a real [.filename]#rc.d# script, you should consider whether it "
"is relevant at system shutdown time.  E.g., if your script does its work in "
"response to the [.filename]#start# command only, then you need not to "
"include this keyword.  However, if your script manages a service, it is "
"probably a good idea to stop it before the system proceeds to the final "
"stage of its shutdown sequence described in man:halt[8].  In particular, a "
"service should be stopped explicitly if it needs considerable time or "
"special actions to shut down cleanly.  A typical example of such a service "
"is a database engine."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:716
msgid ""
"[[forcedep]]&#10126; To begin with, `force_depend` should be used with much "
"care.  It is generally better to revise the hierarchy of configuration "
"variables for your [.filename]#rc.d# scripts if they are interdependent."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:725
msgid ""
"If you still cannot do without `force_depend`, the example offers an idiom "
"of how to invoke it conditionally.  In the example, our `mumbled` daemon "
"requires that another one, `frotz`, be started in advance.  However, `frotz` "
"is optional, too; and man:rcorder[8] knows nothing about such details.  "
"Fortunately, our script has access to all man:rc.conf[5] variables.  If "
"`frotz_enable` is true, we hope for the best and rely on [.filename]#rc.d# "
"to have started `frotz`.  Otherwise we forcibly check the status of "
"`frotz`.  Finally, we enforce our dependency on `frotz` if it is found to be "
"not running.  A warning message will be emitted by `force_depend` because it "
"should be invoked only if a misconfiguration has been detected."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:727
#, no-wrap
msgid "Giving more flexibility to an rc.d script"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:736
msgid ""
"When invoked during startup or shutdown, an [.filename]#rc.d# script is "
"supposed to act on the entire subsystem it is responsible for.  E.g., "
"[.filename]#/etc/rc.d/netif# should start or stop all network interfaces "
"described by man:rc.conf[5].  Either task can be uniquely indicated by a "
"single command argument such as `start` or `stop`.  Between startup and "
"shutdown, [.filename]#rc.d# scripts help the admin to control the running "
"system, and it is when the need for more flexibility and precision arises.  "
"For instance, the admin may want to add the settings of a new network "
"interface to man:rc.conf[5] and then to start it without interfering with "
"the operation of the existing interfaces.  Next time the admin may need to "
"shut down a single network interface.  In the spirit of the command line, "
"the respective [.filename]#rc.d# script calls for an extra argument, the "
"interface name."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:739
msgid ""
"Fortunately, man:rc.subr[8] allows for passing any number of arguments to "
"script's methods (within the system limits).  Due to that, the changes in "
"the script itself can be minimal."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:744
msgid ""
"How can man:rc.subr[8] gain access to the extra command-line arguments.  "
"Should it just grab them directly? Not by any means.  Firstly, an man:sh[1] "
"function has no access to the positional parameters of its caller, but "
"man:rc.subr[8] is just a sack of such functions.  Secondly, the good manner "
"of [.filename]#rc.d# dictates that it is for the main script to decide which "
"arguments are to be passed to its methods."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:748
msgid ""
"So the approach adopted by man:rc.subr[8] is as follows: `run_rc_command` "
"passes on all its arguments but the first one to the respective method "
"verbatim.  The first, omitted, argument is the name of the method itself: "
"`start`, `stop`, etc.  It will be shifted out by `run_rc_command`, so what "
"is `$2` in the original command line will be presented as `$1` to the "
"method, and so on."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:751
msgid ""
"To illustrate this opportunity, let us modify the primitive dummy script so "
"that its messages depend on the additional arguments supplied.  Here we go:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:763
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"name=\"dummy\"\n"
"start_cmd=\"${name}_start\"\n"
"stop_cmd=\":\"\n"
"kiss_cmd=\"${name}_kiss\"\n"
"extra_commands=\"kiss\"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:772
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"dummy_start()\n"
"{\n"
"        if [ $# -gt 0 ]; then <.>\n"
"                echo \"Greeting message: $*\"\n"
"        else\n"
"                echo \"Nothing started.\"\n"
"        fi\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:788
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"dummy_kiss()\n"
"{\n"
"        echo -n \"A ghost gives you a kiss\"\n"
"        if [ $# -gt 0 ]; then <.>\n"
"                echo -n \" and whispers: $*\"\n"
"        fi\n"
"        case \"$*\" in\n"
"        *[.!?])\n"
"                echo\n"
"                ;;\n"
"        *)\n"
"                echo .\n"
"                ;;\n"
"        esac\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:791
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"load_rc_config $name\n"
"run_rc_command \"$@\" <.>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:794
msgid "What essential changes can we notice in the script?"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:799
msgid ""
"&#10122; All arguments you type after `start` can end up as positional "
"parameters to the respective method.  We can use them in any way according "
"to our task, skills, and fancy.  In the current example, we just pass all of "
"them to man:echo[1] as one string in the next line - note `$*` within the "
"double quotes.  Here is how the script can be invoked now:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:804
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# /etc/rc.d/dummy start\n"
"Nothing started.\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:807
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# /etc/rc.d/dummy start Hello world!\n"
"Greeting message: Hello world!\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:811
msgid ""
"&#10123; The same applies to any method our script provides, not only to a "
"standard one.  We have added a custom method named `kiss`, and it can take "
"advantage of the extra arguments not less than `start` does. E.g.:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:816
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# /etc/rc.d/dummy kiss\n"
"A ghost gives you a kiss.\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:819
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# /etc/rc.d/dummy kiss Once I was Etaoin Shrdlu...\n"
"A ghost gives you a kiss and whispers: Once I was Etaoin Shrdlu...\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:822
msgid ""
"&#10124; If we want just to pass all extra arguments to any method, we can "
"merely substitute `\"$@\"` for `\"$1\"` in the last line of our script, "
"where we invoke `run_rc_command`."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:828
msgid ""
"An man:sh[1] programmer ought to understand the subtle difference between "
"`$*` and `$@` as the ways to designate all positional parameters.  For its "
"in-depth discussion, refer to a good handbook on man:sh[1] scripting.  _Do "
"not_ use the expressions until you fully understand them because their "
"misuse will result in buggy and insecure scripts."
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block = 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:835
msgid ""
"Currently `run_rc_command` may have a bug that prevents it from keeping the "
"original boundaries between arguments.  That is, arguments with embedded "
"whitespace may not be processed correctly.  The bug stems from `$*` misuse."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:838
#, no-wrap
msgid "Making a script ready for Service Jails"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:841
msgid ""
"Scripts which start a long running service are suitable for service jails, "
"and should come with a suitable service jail configuration."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:843
msgid ""
"Some examples of scripts which are not suitable to run in a service jail:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:845
msgid ""
"any script which in the start command only changes a runtime setting for "
"programs or the kernel,"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:846
msgid "or tries to mount something,"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:847
msgid "or finds and deletes files"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:849
msgid ""
"Scripts not suitable to run in a service jail need to prevent the use within "
"service jails."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:851
msgid ""
"A script with a long running service which needs to do something listed "
"above before the start or after the stop, can either be split-up into two "
"scripts with dependencies, or use the precommand and postcommand parts of "
"the script to perform this action."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:854
msgid ""
"By default, only the start and stop parts of a script are run within a "
"service jail, the rest is run outside the jail.  As such any setting used in "
"the start/stop parts of the script can not be set from e.g. a precommand."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:856
msgid ""
"To make a script ready for use with extref:{handbook}jails[Service Jails, "
"service-jails], only one more config line needs to be inserted:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:866
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:899
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"name=\"dummy\"\n"
"start_cmd=\"${name}_start\"\n"
"stop_cmd=\":\"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:868
#, no-wrap
msgid ": ${dummy_svcj_options:=\"\"} <.>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:873
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:904
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"dummy_start()\n"
"{\n"
"        echo \"Nothing started.\"\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:880
msgid ""
"&#10122; If it makes sense that the script runs in a jail, it must have an "
"overridable service jails configuration.  If it does not need network access "
"or access to any other resource which is restricted in jails, an empty "
"config like displayed is enough."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:885
msgid ""
"Strictly speaking an empty config is not needed, but it explicitly describes "
"that the script is service jails ready, and that it does not need additional "
"jail permissions.  As such it is highly recommended to add such an empty "
"config in such a case.  The most common option to use is \"net_basic\", "
"which enables the use of the hosts IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.  All possible "
"options are explained in man:rc.conf[5]."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:887
msgid ""
"If a setting for the start/stop depends on variables from the rc-framework "
"(e.g., set inside man:rc.conf[5]), this needs to be handled by "
"``load_rc_config`` and ``run_rc_command`` instead of inside a precommand."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:889
msgid ""
"If for some reason a script can not be run within a service jail, e.g., "
"because it is not possible to run or it does not make sense to run it in a "
"jail, use the following:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:908
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"load_rc_config $name\n"
"dummy_svcj=\"NO\"\t\t# does not make sense to run in a svcj <.>\n"
"run_rc_command \"$1\"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:911
msgid ""
"&#10122; The disabling needs to happen after the ``load_rc_config`` call, "
"else a man:rc.conf[5] setting may override it."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:913
#, no-wrap
msgid "Advanced rc-scripting: Instancing"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:921
msgid ""
"Sometimes it is useful to run several instances of a service.  Typically you "
"want to be able to start/stop such instances independently, and you want to "
"have a separate config file for each instance.  Each instance should be "
"started at boot, survive updates, and benefit from updates."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:923
msgid "Here is an example of a rc script which supports this:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:941
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#\n"
"# PROVIDE: dummy\n"
"# REQUIRE: NETWORKING SERVERS\n"
"# KEYWORD: shutdown\n"
"#\n"
"# Add these following line to /etc/rc.conf.local or /etc/rc.conf\n"
"# to enable this service:\n"
"#\n"
"# dummy_enable (bool):\tSet it to YES to enable dummy on startup.\n"
"#\t\t\tDefault: NO\n"
"# dummy_user (string):\tUser account to run with.\n"
"#\t\t\tDefault: www\n"
"#\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:954
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"case $0 in <.>\n"
"/etc/rc*)\n"
"\t# during boot (shutdown) $0 is /etc/rc (/etc/rc.shutdown),\n"
"\t# so get the name of the script from $_file\n"
"\tname=$_file\n"
"\t;;\n"
"*)\n"
"\tname=$0\n"
"\t;;\n"
"esac\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:959
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"name=${name##*/} <.>\n"
"rcvar=\"${name}_enable\" <.>\n"
"desc=\"Short description of this service\"\n"
"command=\"/usr/local/sbin/dummy\"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:961
#, no-wrap
msgid "load_rc_config \"$name\"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:965
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"eval \"${rcvar}=\\${${rcvar}:-'NO'}\" <.>\n"
"eval \"${name}_svcj_options=\\${${name}_svcj_options:-'net_basic'}\" <.>\n"
"eval \"_dummy_user=\\${${name}_user:-'www'}\" <.>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:970
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"_dummy_configname=/usr/local/etc/${name}.cfg <.>\n"
"pidfile=/var/run/dummy/${name}.pid\n"
"required_files ${_dummy_configname}\n"
"command_args=\"-u ${_dummy_user} -c ${_dummy_configfile} -p ${pidfile}\"\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:978
msgid ""
"&#10122; and &#10123; make sure to set the name variable to the "
"man:basename[1] of the script name.  If the filename is [.filename]#/usr/"
"local/etc/rc.d/dummy#, name is set to [.filename]#dummy#.  This way changing "
"the filename of the rc script changes automatically the content of the name "
"variable."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:981
msgid ""
"&#10124; specifies the variable name which is used in [.filename]#rc.conf# "
"to enable this service based upon the filename of this script.  In this "
"example this resolves to dummy_enable."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:983
msgid "&#10125; makes sure the default for the _enable variable is NO."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:986
msgid ""
"&#10126; is an example of having some defaults for service specific "
"framework variables, in this case the service jails options."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:988
msgid ""
"&#10127; and &#10128; set variables internal to the script (pay attention to "
"the underscore in front of _dummy_user to make it different from dummy_user "
"which can be set in [.filename]#rc.conf#)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:991
msgid ""
"The part in &#10126; is for variables which are not used inside the script "
"itself but in the rc framework.  All the variables which are used as "
"parameters somewhere in the script are assigned to a generic variable like "
"in &#10128; to make it more easy to reference them (no need to eval them at "
"each place of use)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:994
msgid ""
"This script will now behave differently if the start script has a different "
"name.  This allows to create symlinks to it:"
msgstr ""

#. type: delimited block . 4
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:1000
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# ln -s dummy /usr/local/etc/rc.d/dummy_foo\n"
"# sysrc dummy_foo_enable=YES\n"
"# service dummy_foo start\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:1005
msgid ""
"The above creates an instance of the dummy service with the name dummy_foo.  "
"It does not use the config file [.filename]#/usr/local/etc/dummy.cfg# but "
"the config file [.filename]#/usr/local/etc/dummy_foo.cfg# (&#10128;), and it "
"uses the PID file [.filename]#/var/run/dummy/dummy_foo.pid# instead of "
"[.filename]#/var/run/dummy/dummy.pid#."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:1012
msgid ""
"The services dummy and dummy_foo can be managed independently of each other, "
"while having the start script update itself on package update (due to the "
"symlink).  This does not update the REQUIRE line, as such there is no easy "
"way of depending on a specific instance.  To depend upon a specific instance "
"in the startup order a copy needs to be made instead of using a symlink.  "
"This prevents the automatic pick-up of changes to the start script when an "
"update is installed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Title ==
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:1014
#, no-wrap
msgid "Further reading"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:1018
msgid ""
"[[lukem]]http://www.mewburn.net/luke/papers/rc.d.pdf[The original article by "
"Luke Mewburn] offers a general overview of [.filename]#rc.d# and detailed "
"rationale for its design decisions.  It provides insight on the whole "
"[.filename]#rc.d# framework and its place in a modern BSD operating system."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:1021
msgid ""
"[[manpages]]The manual pages man:rc[8], man:rc.subr[8], and man:rcorder[8] "
"document the [.filename]#rc.d# components in great detail.  You cannot fully "
"use the [.filename]#rc.d# power without studying the manual pages and "
"referring to them while writing your own scripts."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:1025
msgid ""
"The major source of working, real-life examples is [.filename]#/etc/rc.d# in "
"a live system.  Its contents are easy and pleasant to read because most "
"rough corners are hidden deep in man:rc.subr[8].  Keep in mind though that "
"the [.filename]#/etc/rc.d# scripts were not written by angels, so they might "
"suffer from bugs and suboptimal design decisions.  Now you can improve them!"
msgstr ""