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# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE # Copyright (C) YEAR The FreeBSD Project # This file is distributed under the same license as the FreeBSD Documentation package. # FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR. # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: FreeBSD Documentation VERSION\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2026-05-09 23:29+0100\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <[email protected]>\n" "Language: \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #. type: Title = #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:1 #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:13 #, no-wrap msgid "Frequently Asked Questions for FreeBSD" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:46 msgid "Abstract" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:49 msgid "" "This is the Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) for FreeBSD. Every effort has " "been made to make this FAQ as informative as possible." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:51 msgid "'''" msgstr "" #. type: Title == #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:55 #, no-wrap msgid "Introduction" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:59 msgid "" "Welcome to the world of FreeBSD! In this section, we provide a comprehensive " "overview of what FreeBSD is, its origins, goals, use cases, and the " "community behind it." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:61 msgid "" "Discover the reasons behind its name, learn how to contribute to this " "project, and explore the rich ecosystem of FreeBSD within the context of " "open-source operating systems." msgstr "" #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:63 #, no-wrap msgid "What is FreeBSD?" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:67 msgid "" "FreeBSD is a versatile and open-source UNIX(R)-like operating system known " "for its exceptional stability, security, and performance. Developed by a " "dedicated community of volunteers, it's based on the Berkeley Software " "Distribution (BSD) UNIX operating system." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:70 msgid "" "FreeBSD offers a powerful and customizable environment suitable for a wide " "range of applications, from servers and embedded systems to desktops and " "networking equipment. Its commitment to open source principles ensures a " "transparent and collaborative development process, making FreeBSD a trusted " "choice for those seeking a reliable and highly adaptable operating system." msgstr "" #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:72 #, no-wrap msgid "Why is it called FreeBSD?" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:76 msgid "" "The name \"FreeBSD\" stems from its roots in the Berkeley Software " "Distribution (BSD) UNIX operating system, renowned for its contributions to " "the world of open-source software. The \"Free\" in FreeBSD signifies its " "commitment to the principles of free and open-source software, which grant " "users the freedom to study, modify, and distribute the code." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:78 msgid "" "It is worth pointing out that the word \"free\" is being used in two ways " "here: one meaning \"at no cost\" and the other meaning \"do whatever you " "like\"." msgstr "" #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:80 #, no-wrap msgid "What is the goal of the FreeBSD Project?" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:83 msgid "" "The FreeBSD Project has a clear and unwavering goal: to provide a high-" "quality, open-source UNIX-like operating system that excels in terms of " "performance, security, and stability." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:87 msgid "" "It aims to offer a versatile platform suitable for a wide range of computing " "needs, from servers and workstations to embedded systems and beyond. " "FreeBSD is developed with a strong commitment to open source principles, " "fostering a collaborative environment where contributions from a global " "community of developers help shape and refine the operating system. This " "dedication to quality, freedom, and reliability is what sets FreeBSD apart " "and drives its ongoing success as an open-source project." msgstr "" #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:89 #, no-wrap msgid "What use cases is FreeBSD good for?" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:96 msgid "" "FreeBSD is a versatile operating system that excels in various use cases. " "It is particularly well-suited for server environments, where its stability " "and performance make it a popular choice for web hosting, databases, and " "networking applications. FreeBSD's robust security features also position " "it as a strong candidate for firewall and security appliance deployments. " "Beyond servers, FreeBSD can be tailored to function in specialized " "environments, including embedded systems and game console devices. Its " "adaptability, reliability, and open-source nature make FreeBSD a compelling " "choice for a wide range of computing needs." msgstr "" #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:98 #, no-wrap msgid "Who is responsible for FreeBSD?" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:102 msgid "" "FreeBSD is a community-driven open-source project with a decentralized " "structure. Its development and maintenance are carried out by a global " "community of dedicated volunteers, developers, and organizations who " "collaborate to enhance and expand the operating system." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:104 msgid "" "The key decisions concerning the FreeBSD project, such as the overall " "direction of the project or who is allowed to add code to the source tree, " "are made by an elected Core Team of nine people." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:106 msgid "" "This collaborative and community-driven approach has been fundamental to " "FreeBSD's success and longevity as a reliable and robust UNIX-like operating " "system." msgstr "" #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:108 #, no-wrap msgid "How can I contribute to FreeBSD? What can I do to help?" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:112 msgid "" "We accept all types of contributions: documentation, code, and even art. " "See the article on extref:{contributing}[Contributing to FreeBSD] for " "specific advice on how to do this." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:114 msgid "And thanks for the thought!" msgstr "" #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:116 #, no-wrap msgid "Does the FreeBSD license have any restrictions?" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:119 msgid "" "FreeBSD is distributed under the https://www.FreeBSD.org/copyright/freebsd-" "license/[BSD License], which is known for its permissive nature." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:121 msgid "This license places very few restrictions on how you can use FreeBSD:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:123 msgid "Do not claim that you wrote this." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:124 msgid "Do not sue us if it breaks." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:125 msgid "Do not remove or modify the license." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:129 msgid "" "The license means you are free to modify, distribute, and even sell FreeBSD " "without *being required to release your modifications as open source*. " "However, there are some minimal conditions, such as retaining the original " "copyright notice and disclaimers when distributing FreeBSD. Overall, the " "BSD License provides a high degree of freedom and flexibility, making " "FreeBSD an attractive choice for a wide range of applications and projects." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:131 msgid "" "Code in our source tree which falls under the https://www.FreeBSD.org/" "copyright/COPYING[GNU General Public License (GPL)] or https://" "www.FreeBSD.org/copyright/COPYING.LIB[GNU Library General Public License " "(LGPL)] comes with slightly more strings attached though, at least on the " "side of enforced access rather than the usual opposite." msgstr "" #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:133 #, no-wrap msgid "Can FreeBSD replace my current operating system?" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:137 msgid "" "For many users and administrators, yes. But this question is not quite that " "cut-and-dried." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:140 msgid "" "FreeBSD is a powerful and versatile operating system that can replace or " "coexist with many other operating systems, depending on users and " "administrators specific needs. However, whether FreeBSD can replace your " "current operating system depends on factors such as your hardware, software " "requirements, and familiarity with FreeBSD." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:142 msgid "" "While it offers a robust and feature-rich alternative, it's essential to " "evaluate your specific use case and compatibility requirements before making " "the switch." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:144 msgid "" "If an application is only available on one operating system, that operating " "system cannot just be replaced." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:147 msgid "" "Users migrating to FreeBSD from another UNIX-like environment will find " "FreeBSD to be similar. Non-UNIX users, like Windows(R) users, should expect " "to invest some additional time learning the UNIX way of doing things." msgstr "" #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:149 #, no-wrap msgid "Can FreeBSD run popular open source software?" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:155 msgid "" "Yes, FreeBSD is well-suited for running popular open source software. Its " "compatibility with a wide range of applications and libraries makes it a " "favorable choice for those looking to deploy and use open source software " "packages. FreeBSD provides a robust and stable environment that supports " "various programming languages, databases, web servers, and other software " "commonly used in the open source community. Its ports and packages system " "simplifies the installation and management of such software, ensuring that " "users can easily access and run their favorite open source tools and " "applications on FreeBSD with minimal hassle." msgstr "" #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:157 #, no-wrap msgid "How can I install software in FreeBSD?" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:162 msgid "" "FreeBSD offers multiple methods for software installation. One of the most " "common methods involves using the built-in man:pkg[8] package manager, which " "simplifies the process by fetching and installing pre-built binary " "packages. Another approach is to compile and install software from source " "code using the man:ports[7] collection, providing a flexible and " "customizable way to install software." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:164 msgid "" "FreeBSD's documentation offer detailed guidance on both methods, ensuring " "that users can easily expand their system's capabilities with the software " "they need." msgstr "" #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:166 #, no-wrap msgid "What are the differences between FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, and other open source BSD operating systems?" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:170 msgid "" "FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD and DragonFly BSD are all part of the open source " "BSD family, sharing common UNIX-like foundations, but each has its own " "distinct focus and priorities. These differences reflect the unique goals " "of each project, and while they share similarities, their specific strengths " "and emphases cater to different use cases and preferences within the BSD " "ecosystem." msgstr "" #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:172 #, no-wrap msgid "Is FreeBSD a Linux(R) distribution?" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:175 msgid "No, FreeBSD is *not* a Linux distribution." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:178 msgid "" "While both FreeBSD and Linux are UNIX-like operating systems and share many " "similarities, they have distinct kernels. Linux uses the Linux kernel, " "whereas FreeBSD uses the FreeBSD kernel, which is based on the Berkeley " "Software Distribution (BSD) UNIX operating system." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:180 msgid "" "FreeBSD and Linux each have their own unique development communities, " "release cycles, and system architectures, making them separate and " "independent operating systems." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:182 msgid "" "FreeBSD provides its own set of advantages, including a different licensing " "model, system design, and userland utilities compared to Linux distributions." msgstr "" #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:184 #, no-wrap msgid "Is it possible to run Linux programs on FreeBSD?" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:188 msgid "" "Yes, FreeBSD provides a compatibility layer known as _linuxulator_ " "(man:linux[4]), allowing many Linux programs to function on FreeBSD. This " "feature facilitates the execution of a broad spectrum of Linux binaries " "without the necessity of a dedicated Linux environment." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:190 msgid "" "Nevertheless, it's important to note that numerous widely used open-source " "software *have native FreeBSD versions available* through the ports and " "packages system." msgstr "" #. type: Title == #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:192 #, no-wrap msgid "Installing FreeBSD" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:197 msgid "" "The process of installing FreeBSD is the initial step toward harnessing the " "power of this robust open-source operating system. This section provides " "essential information on where to obtain FreeBSD, detailed installation " "instructions, and insights into concepts like FreeBSD-CURRENT and FreeBSD-" "STABLE. It also delves into the release and snapshot schedules, post-" "installation configuration tools, package search methods, and addresses " "common questions regarding package updates." msgstr "" #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:199 #, no-wrap msgid "Where can I get FreeBSD?" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:202 msgid "" "FreeBSD is freely available for download from the link:https://" "www.FreeBSD.org/where/[official FreeBSD website]." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:205 msgid "" "Additionally, FreeBSD may also be available through various mirror sites, " "ensuring accessibility to users worldwide. The link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/" "where/[official website] is the primary and most reliable source for " "obtaining the latest FreeBSD releases and updates, making it the ideal " "starting point for a FreeBSD journey." msgstr "" #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:207 #, no-wrap msgid "Where are the instructions for installing FreeBSD?" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:210 msgid "" "Installation instructions can be found at the extref:{handbook}bsdinstall/" "[Installing FreeBSD Chapter of the Handbook]." msgstr "" #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:212 #, no-wrap msgid "What is the FreeBSD-CURRENT concept?" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:216 msgid "" "FreeBSD-CURRENT represents the development branch of the FreeBSD operating " "system. It is the most cutting-edge version of FreeBSD, where active " "development takes place." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:218 msgid "" "While it incorporates the latest features, improvements, and experimental " "changes, it may not always be as stable as the FreeBSD-STABLE or release " "versions." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:220 msgid "" "FreeBSD-CURRENT serves as a platform for developers and enthusiasts who want " "to contribute to the future of FreeBSD and stay on the leading edge of its " "development, even though it may occasionally undergo significant changes and " "*is not recommended for production systems*." msgstr "" #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:222 #, no-wrap msgid "What is the FreeBSD-STABLE concept?" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:227 msgid "" "The FreeBSD-STABLE branch is a more stable development branch compared to " "CURRENT. It contains code that is undergoing further testing and refinement " "before being merged into the RELEASE branch. STABLE is a good choice for " "those who want to track FreeBSD's development but prefer a more stable " "environment than CURRENT." msgstr "" #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:229 #, no-wrap msgid "When are FreeBSD releases made of?" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:234 msgid "" "The {re} releases a new major version of FreeBSD about every 18 months and a " "new minor version about every 8 months, on average. Release dates are " "announced well in advance, so that the people working on the system know " "when their projects need to be finished and tested. A testing period " "precedes each release, to ensure that the addition of new features does not " "compromise the stability of the release." msgstr "" #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:236 #, no-wrap msgid "When are FreeBSD snapshots made?" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:242 msgid "" "FreeBSD snapshots are typically generated at regular intervals for all " "actively developed branches. These snapshots capture a moment in time of " "the FreeBSD source code and associated binary packages. The frequency of " "these snapshots may vary but is often done on a weekly or bi-weekly basis. " "These snapshots provide users with an opportunity to access the latest " "developments and changes in FreeBSD, helping them stay up-to-date with the " "project's progress." msgstr "" #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:244 #, no-wrap msgid "Is there a tool to perform post-installation configuration tasks?" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:247 msgid "" "Yes. man:bsdconfig[8] provides a nice interface to configure FreeBSD post-" "installation." msgstr "" #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:249 #, no-wrap msgid "How can I search for software to install in FreeBSD?" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:252 msgid "" "Searching for software to install in FreeBSD is made easy through the " "man:pkg[8] package manager and the `pkg search` command." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:255 msgid "" "Users can utilize this command to search for available packages using " "keywords, package names, or descriptions. This feature helps users quickly " "locate the software they need within the extensive FreeBSD ports and " "packages collection, simplifying the process of adding new applications and " "tools to their FreeBSD systems." msgstr "" #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:257 #, no-wrap msgid "Why am I not getting the latest packages in my FreeBSD system?" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:260 msgid "" "The availability of the latest packages in FreeBSD can be influenced by " "various factors, including the package repository's update frequency and the " "specific version of FreeBSD being used." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:265 msgid "" "It should also be added that there are two branches for the FreeBSD ports. " "The most updated is called `latest` and the most stable is called " "`quarterly`. To use the latest packages it will be necessary to configure " "the `latest` branch. Information on how to configure branches can be found " "in the link:{handbook}ports/[Ports chapter of the Handbook]." msgstr "" #. type: Title == #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:267 #, no-wrap msgid "Hardware" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:272 msgid "" "The Hardware section explores FreeBSD's compatibility with various hardware " "configurations. It covers a range of topics, including supported " "architectures, maximum RAM capacity, processor scalability, graphics card " "compatibility, Wi-Fi card support, and the inclusion of 10 Gigabit Ethernet " "network card support. Whether planning to deploy FreeBSD on servers, " "workstations, or specialized hardware, this section provides insights into " "FreeBSD's capabilities and limitations, offering information about hardware " "choices and configurations." msgstr "" #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:274 #, no-wrap msgid "What architectures does FreeBSD support?" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:278 msgid "" "FreeBSD boasts a versatile range of supported architectures, making it a " "flexible choice for a variety of hardware environments. Its compatibility " "extends to architectures such as `amd64`, `arm64`, `riscv` and more." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:280 msgid "" "A complete list of supported architectures can be found on the link:https://" "www.FreeBSD.org/platforms/[platforms page]." msgstr "" #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:282 #, no-wrap msgid "How much RAM does FreeBSD support?" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:286 msgid "" "FreeBSD as an operating system generally supports as much physical memory " "(RAM) as the platform it is running on does. Keep in mind that different " "platforms have different limits for memory." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:288 msgid "For example, `amd64` platforms support up to 4TB of physical memory." msgstr "" #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:290 #, no-wrap msgid "How many processors does FreeBSD support?" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:295 msgid "" "FreeBSD's processor support varies across different architectures. On amd64 " "and arm64 systems, FreeBSD can efficiently harness the power of up to 1024 " "processors. For powerpc-based systems, FreeBSD supports up to 256 " "processors, while on risc-v systems, it can effectively utilize up to 16 " "processors." msgstr "" #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:297 #, no-wrap msgid "What graphics cards does FreeBSD support?" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:300 msgid "" "Popular graphics vendors like Intel(R), AMD(R) or NVIDIA(R) are well-" "supported." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:302 msgid "" "A list of supported graphics cards from link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/" "Graphics/Intel-GPU-Matrix[Intel] and link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics/" "AMD-GPU-Matrix[AMD] can be found in the FreeBSD Wiki." msgstr "" #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:304 #, no-wrap msgid "What Wi-Fi cards does FreeBSD support?" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:307 msgid "" "This is a rapidly changing area as of 2025, so it's worth checking the " "Hardware Compatibility List for your chosen link:https://www.freebsd.org/" "releases/[release]." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:309 msgid "The list of PCIe Wi-Fi devices that are known to work well on FreeBSD:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:311 msgid "" "Intel chipset devices covered by man:iwlwifi[4] (high-speed as of FreeBSD " "14.3)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:312 msgid "Realtek RTL8188CE Mini PCIe" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:314 msgid "The list of USB Wi-Fi devices that are known to work well on FreeBSD:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:316 msgid "RT5370 USB dongles (supports hostap mode)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:317 msgid "TP-Link TL-WDN3200 (RT5592, man:if_run[4])" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:318 msgid "TP-Link TL-WN725N v2 (RTL8188EU, man:rtwn[4])" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:319 msgid "TP-Link Archer T4U (RTL8812AU, man:rtwn[4])" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:320 msgid "D-Link DWA-131 (RTL8192CU, man:rtwn[4])" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:321 msgid "D-Link DWA-171 rev A1 (RTL8821AU, man:rtwn[4])" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:322 msgid "ASUS USB-N10 NANO (RTL8188CUS, man:rtwn[4])" msgstr "" #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:325 #, no-wrap msgid "Does FreeBSD support 10 Gigabit Ethernet network cards?" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:329 msgid "" "FreeBSD provides robust support for 10 Gigabit Ethernet network cards, " "making it a viable choice for high-speed networking environments. The " "FreeBSD kernel includes drivers for a wide range of 10 Gigabit Ethernet " "adapters from various manufacturers, ensuring seamless integration and " "optimal network performance." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:331 msgid "" "More information can be obtained at the link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/" "Networking/10GbE[FreeBSD Wiki]." msgstr "" #. type: Title == #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:333 #, no-wrap msgid "Documentation and Support" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:337 msgid "" "This section provides valuable resources for those seeking to deepen their " "knowledge of FreeBSD. It covers a range of topics, including recommended " "books for learning FreeBSD, avenues for commercial training and support, " "insights into understanding FreeBSD's internals, and where to find " "assistance within the FreeBSD community." msgstr "" #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:339 #, no-wrap msgid "What good books are there about FreeBSD?" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:343 msgid "" "FreeBSD enthusiasts and learners can explore a variety of informative books " "dedicated to the operating system. These books cover topics ranging from " "FreeBSD basics to advanced system administration and development." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:346 msgid "" "Some notable titles include \"Absolute FreeBSD: The Complete Guide To " "FreeBSD\" by Michael W. Lucas, and the \"FreeBSD Mastery series\" also by " "Michael W. Lucas, among others. These resources offer valuable insights and " "knowledge to help users of all levels master FreeBSD and maximize its " "potential." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:348 msgid "" "Apart from the books, The FreeBSD Project produces a wide range of " "documentation, available online in the link:https://docs.FreeBSD.org/" "[Documentation Portal]." msgstr "" #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:350 #, no-wrap msgid "Where can I get commercial FreeBSD training and support?" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:354 msgid "" "For those seeking professional training and support for FreeBSD, several " "commercial providers offer tailored services. The FreeBSD project maintains " "a link:https://www.freebsd.org/commercial/[list of companies] from which " "support can be requested." msgstr "" #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:356 #, no-wrap msgid "How can I learn more about FreeBSD's internals?" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:360 msgid "" "To delve deeper into the inner workings of FreeBSD, interested individuals " "can explore resources like \"The Design And Implementation Of The FreeBSD " "Operating System\". The extref:{arch-handbook}[FreeBSD Architecture " "Handbook]. is another valuable resource that provides detailed information " "about FreeBSD's architecture, system organization, and design principles" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:362 msgid "" "Additionally, reviewing the FreeBSD source code, available through the " "FreeBSD source repository, provides valuable insights into the operating " "system's core components." msgstr "" #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:364 #, no-wrap msgid "How can I get help in a FreeBSD system?" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:369 msgid "" "Getting assistance within a FreeBSD system is straightforward. FreeBSD " "offers a wealth of built-in documentation, accessible through the man:man[1] " "command, which provides comprehensive information about various commands and " "system components." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:371 msgid "" "Additionally, the extref:{handbook}[FreeBSD Handbook], available both online " "and locally on the system, serves as a valuable resource for in-depth " "guidance." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:373 msgid "" "If specific issues arise, seeking help from the FreeBSD community via " "mailing lists, forums, or IRC can provide timely solutions and insights from " "experienced FreeBSD users and developers." msgstr "" #. type: Title == #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:375 #, no-wrap msgid "Community Questions" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:378 msgid "" "Explore this section to discover ways to engage with the FreeBSD community." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:381 msgid "" "Learn about FreeBSD IRC channels for real-time discussions, web-based forums " "for sharing insights, and access to FreeBSD mailing lists and news groups " "for in-depth discussions and news updates." msgstr "" #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:383 #, no-wrap msgid "Are there FreeBSD IRC (Internet Relay Chat) channels?" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:386 msgid "" "Yes, most major IRC networks host a FreeBSD chat channel and the FreeBSD " "wiki holds an up to date link:https://wiki.freebsd.org/IRC/Channels[list of " "IRC channels]." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:389 msgid "" "Each of these channels are distinct and are not connected to each other. " "Since their chat styles differ, try each to find one suited to your chat " "style." msgstr "" #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:391 #, no-wrap msgid "Are there any web based forums to discuss FreeBSD?" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:394 msgid "" "The official FreeBSD forums are located at the link:https://" "forums.FreeBSD.org/[FreeBSD Forums homepage]." msgstr "" #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:396 #, no-wrap msgid "Where do I find info on the FreeBSD mailing lists?" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:399 msgid "" "The public mailing lists can be found at the link:https://lists.freebsd.org/" "[FreeBSD mailing lists]." msgstr "" #. type: Title == #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:401 #, no-wrap msgid "Miscellaneous Questions" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:404 msgid "" "Explore a variety of intriguing and practical queries about FreeBSD, " "covering topics from shell choices to system quirks and even the FreeBSD " "pet's name." msgstr "" #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:406 #, no-wrap msgid "Why is /bin/sh so minimal? Why does FreeBSD not use bash or another shell?" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:412 msgid "" "Many people need to write shell scripts which will be portable across many " "systems. That is why POSIX(R) specifies the shell and utility commands in " "great detail. Most scripts are written in POSIX shell (man:sh[1]), and " "several important programming interfaces are specified to use the POSIX " "shell to interpret commands. As the POSIX shell is so often and widely " "used, it is important for it to be quick to start, be deterministic in its " "behavior, and have a small memory footprint." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:415 msgid "" "The existing implementation is our best effort at meeting as many of these " "requirements simultaneously as we can. To keep `/bin/sh` small, we have not " "provided many of the convenience features that other shells have." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:417 msgid "" "That is why other more featureful shells like `bash`, `scsh`, man:tcsh[1], " "and `zsh` are available." msgstr "" #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:419 #, no-wrap msgid "How do I use my delete key in sh and csh?" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:422 msgid "For man:sh[1], add the following lines to [.filename]#~/.shrc#:" msgstr "" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:426 #, no-wrap msgid "bind ^[[3~ ed-delete-next-char # for xterm\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:429 msgid "For the man:csh[1], add the following lines to [.filename]#~/.cshrc#:" msgstr "" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:433 #, no-wrap msgid "bindkey ^[[3~ delete-char # for xterm\n" msgstr "" #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:436 #, no-wrap msgid "I have forgotten the root password! What do I do?" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:445 msgid "" "Do not panic! Restart the system and select `Boot Single User` from the boot " "loader menu, or press `Escape` at the menu and type `boot -s` at the loader " "prompt, to enter single-user mode. At the question about the shell to use, " "hit kbd:[Enter] which will display a # prompt. When there is a need to " "change the keyboard layout, run `kbdmap`, select the preferred one and " "confirm by pressing kbd:[Enter]. Enter `mount -urw /` to remount the root " "file system read/write. To remount all the remaining file systems, run " "`mount -a` for UFS filesystems and `zfs mount -a` when using ZFS. Run " "`passwd root` to change the `root` password then run `exit` to continue " "booting." msgstr "" #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:452 msgid "" "If you are still prompted to give the `root` password when entering the " "single-user mode, it means that the console has been marked as `insecure` in " "[.filename]#/etc/ttys#. In this case, it will be required to boot from a " "FreeBSD installation disk, choose the [.guimenuitem]#Live CD# or " "[.guimenuitem]#Shell# at the beginning of the install process and issue the " "commands mentioned above. Mount the specific partition in this case and " "then chroot to it. For example, replace `mount -urw /` with `mount /dev/" "ada0p1 /mnt; chroot /mnt` for a system on _ada0p1_." msgstr "" #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:458 msgid "" "If the root partition cannot be mounted from single-user mode, it is " "possible that the partitions are encrypted and it is impossible to mount " "them without the access keys. For more information see the section about " "encrypted disks in the FreeBSD extref:{handbook}disks/[Handbook, disks-" "encrypting]." msgstr "" #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:461 #, no-wrap msgid "I made a mistake in rc.conf, or another startup file, and now I cannot edit it because the file system is read-only. What should I do?" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:467 msgid "" "Restart the system and select `Boot Single User` from the boot loader menu, " "or press `Escape` at the menu and type `boot -s` at the loader prompt, to " "enter single-user mode. When prompted for a shell pathname, press kbd:" "[Enter] and run `mount -urw /` to re-mount the root file system in read/" "write mode. You may also need to run `mount -a -t ufs` to mount the file " "system where your favorite editor is defined. If that editor is on a " "network file system, either configure the network manually before mounting " "the network file systems, or use an editor which resides on a local file " "system, such as man:ed[1]." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:469 msgid "" "In order to use a full screen editor such as man:vi[1] or man:emacs[1], run " "`export TERM=xterm` so that these editors can load the correct data from the " "man:termcap[5] database." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:472 msgid "" "After performing these steps, edit [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf# to fix the " "syntax error. The error message displayed immediately after the kernel boot " "messages should indicate the number of the line in the file which is at " "fault." msgstr "" #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:474 #, no-wrap msgid "How much free memory is available?" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:482 msgid "" "There are a couple of kinds of \"free memory\". The most common is the " "amount of memory immediately available without reclaiming memory already in " "use. That is the size of the free pages queue plus some other reserved " "pages. This amount is exported by the `vm.stats.vm.v_free_count` " "man:sysctl[8], shown, for instance, by man:top[1]. Another kind of \"free " "memory\" is the total amount of virtual memory available to userland " "processes, which depends on the sum of swap space and usable memory. Other " "kinds of \"free memory\" descriptions are also possible, but it is " "relatively useless to define these, but rather it is important to make sure " "that the paging rate is kept low, and to avoid running out of swap space." msgstr "" #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:484 #, no-wrap msgid "My time is wrong, how can I change the timezone?" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:487 msgid "Use man:tzsetup[8]." msgstr "" #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:489 #, no-wrap msgid "FreeBSD uses a lot of swap space even when the computer has free memory left. Why?" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:493 msgid "" "FreeBSD will proactively move entirely idle, unused pages of main memory " "into swap in order to make more main memory available for active use. This " "heavy use of swap is balanced by using the extra free memory for caching." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:496 msgid "" "Note that while FreeBSD is proactive in this regard, it does not arbitrarily " "decide to swap pages when the system is truly idle. Thus, the system will " "not be all paged out after leaving it idle overnight." msgstr "" #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:498 #, no-wrap msgid "Why does top show very little free memory even when I have very few programs running?" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:501 msgid "The simple answer is that free memory is wasted memory." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:506 msgid "" "Any memory that programs do not actively allocate is used within the FreeBSD " "kernel as disk cache. The values shown by man:top[1] labeled as `Inact` and " "`Laundry` are cached data at different aging levels. This cached data means " "the system does not have to access a slow disk again for data it has " "accessed recently, thus increasing overall performance. In general, a low " "value shown for `Free` memory in man:top[1] is good, provided it is not " "_very_ low." msgstr "" #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:508 #, no-wrap msgid "What is the cute little red guy's name?" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:513 msgid "" "He does not have one, and is just called \"the BSD daemon\". If you insist " "upon using a name, call him \"beastie\". Note that \"beastie\" is " "pronounced \"BSD\"." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:515 msgid "" "More about the BSD daemon is available on his http://www.mckusick.com/" "beastie/index.html[home page]." msgstr "" #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:517 #, no-wrap msgid "Can I use the BSD daemon image?" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:522 msgid "" "Perhaps. The BSD daemon is copyrighted by Marshall Kirk McKusick. Check " "his http://www.mckusick.com/beastie/mainpage/copyright.html[Statement on the " "Use of the BSD Daemon Figure] for detailed usage terms." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:526 msgid "" "In summary, the image can be used in a tasteful manner, for personal use, so " "long as appropriate credit is given. Before using the logo commercially, " "contact {mckusick} for permission. More details are available on the http://" "www.mckusick.com/beastie/index.html[BSD Daemon's home page]." msgstr "" #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:528 #, no-wrap msgid "Why should I care what color the bikeshed is?" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:534 msgid "" "The really, really short answer is that you should not. The somewhat longer " "answer is that just because you are capable of building a bikeshed does not " "mean you should stop others from building one just because you do not like " "the color they plan to paint it. This is a metaphor indicating that you " "need not argue about every little feature just because you know enough to do " "so. Some people have commented that the amount of noise generated by a " "change is inversely proportional to the complexity of the change." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:536 msgid "" "The longer and complete answer is that after a very long argument about " "whether man:sleep[1] should take fractional second arguments, {phk} posted a " "long message entitled link:http://www.bikeshed.com[A bike shed (any color " "will do) on greener grass...]." msgstr "" #. type: Title == #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:538 #, no-wrap msgid "Acknowledgments" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/faq/_index.adoc:540 msgid "" "This FAQ has undergone countless revisions and improvements by a diverse " "group of contributors over the past decades." msgstr ""