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# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE # Copyright (C) YEAR The FreeBSD Project # This file is distributed under the same license as the FreeBSD Documentation package. # FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR. # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: FreeBSD Documentation VERSION\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2025-11-08 16:17+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <[email protected]>\n" "Language: \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #. type: YAML Front Matter: description #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:1 #, no-wrap msgid "FreeBSD supports localization into many languages, allowing users to view, input, or process data in non-English languages" msgstr "" #. type: YAML Front Matter: part #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:1 #, no-wrap msgid "Part III. System Administration" msgstr "" #. type: YAML Front Matter: title #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:1 #, no-wrap msgid "Chapter 25. Localization - i18n/L10n Usage and Setup" msgstr "" #. type: Title = #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:15 #, no-wrap msgid "Localization - i18n/L10n Usage and Setup" msgstr "" #. type: Title == #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:53 #, no-wrap msgid "Synopsis" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:58 msgid "" "FreeBSD is a distributed project with users and contributors located all " "over the world. As such, FreeBSD supports localization into many languages, " "allowing users to view, input, or process data in non-English languages. " "One can choose from most of the major languages, including, but not limited " "to: Chinese, German, Japanese, Korean, French, Russian, and Vietnamese." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:62 msgid "" "The term internationalization has been shortened to i18n, which represents " "the number of letters between the first and the last letters of " "`internationalization`. L10n uses the same naming scheme, but from " "`localization`. The i18n/L10n methods, protocols, and applications allow " "users to use languages of their choice." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:64 msgid "" "This chapter discusses the internationalization and localization features of " "FreeBSD." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:66 msgid "Read this chapter to learn:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:68 msgid "How locale names are constructed." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:69 msgid "How to set the locale for a login shell." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:70 msgid "How to configure the console for non-English languages." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:71 msgid "How to configure Xorg for different languages." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:72 msgid "How to find i18n-compliant applications." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:73 msgid "Where to find more information for configuring specific languages." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:75 msgid "Before reading this chapter:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:77 msgid "" "Know how to crossref:ports[ports,install additional third-party " "applications]." msgstr "" #. type: Title == #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:79 #, no-wrap msgid "Using Localization" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:83 msgid "" "Localization settings are based on three components: the language code, " "country code, and encoding. Locale names are constructed from these parts " "as follows:" msgstr "" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:87 #, no-wrap msgid "LanguageCode_CountryCode.Encoding\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:91 msgid "" "The _LanguageCode_ and _CountryCode_ are used to determine the country and " "the specific language variation. crossref:l10n[locale-lang-country,Common " "Language and Country Codes] provides some examples of " "__LanguageCode_CountryCode__:" msgstr "" #. type: Block title #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:93 #, no-wrap msgid "Common Language and Country Codes" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:97 #, no-wrap msgid "LanguageCode_Country Code" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:99 #, no-wrap msgid "Description" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:100 #, no-wrap msgid "en_US" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:102 #, no-wrap msgid "English, United States" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:103 #, no-wrap msgid "ru_RU" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:105 #, no-wrap msgid "Russian, Russia" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:106 #, no-wrap msgid "zh_TW" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:107 #, no-wrap msgid "Traditional Chinese, Taiwan" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:110 msgid "A complete listing of available locales can be found by typing:" msgstr "" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:114 #, no-wrap msgid "% locale -a | more\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:117 msgid "To determine the current locale setting:" msgstr "" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:121 #, no-wrap msgid "% locale\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:125 msgid "" "Language specific character sets, such as ISO8859-1, ISO8859-15, KOI8-R, and " "CP437, are described in man:multibyte[3]. The active list of character sets " "can be found at the http://www.iana.org/assignments/character-sets[IANA " "Registry]." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:130 msgid "" "Some languages, such as Chinese or Japanese, cannot be represented using " "ASCII characters and require an extended language encoding using either wide " "or multibyte characters. Examples of wide or multibyte encodings include " "EUC and Big5. Older applications may mistake these encodings for control " "characters while newer applications usually recognize these characters. " "Depending on the implementation, users may be required to compile an " "application with wide or multibyte character support, or to configure it " "correctly." msgstr "" #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:134 msgid "FreeBSD uses Xorg-compatible locale encodings." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:138 msgid "" "The rest of this section describes the various methods for configuring the " "locale on a FreeBSD system. The next section will discuss the " "considerations for finding and compiling applications with i18n support." msgstr "" #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:140 #, no-wrap msgid "Setting Locale for Login Shell" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:143 msgid "" "Locale settings are configured either in a user's [.filename]#~/.login_conf# " "or in the startup file of the user's shell: [.filename]#~/.profile#, " "[.filename]#~/.bashrc#, or [.filename]#~/.cshrc#." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:145 msgid "Two environment variables should be set:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:147 msgid "`LANG`, which sets the locale" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:148 msgid "`MM_CHARSET`, which sets the MIME character set used by applications" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:150 msgid "" "In addition to the user's shell configuration, these variables should also " "be set for specific application configuration and Xorg configuration." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:155 msgid "" "Two methods are available for making the needed variable assignments: the " "crossref:l10n[login-class,login class] method, which is the recommended " "method, and the crossref:l10n[startup-file,startup file] method. The next " "two sections demonstrate how to use both methods." msgstr "" #. type: Title ==== #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:157 #, no-wrap msgid "Login Classes Method" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:161 msgid "" "This first method is the recommended method as it assigns the required " "environment variables for locale name and MIME character sets for every " "possible shell. This setup can either be performed by each user or it can " "be configured for all users by the superuser." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:163 msgid "" "This minimal example sets both variables for Latin-1 encoding in the " "[.filename]#.login_conf# of an individual user's home directory:" msgstr "" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:169 #, no-wrap msgid "" "me:\\\n" "\t:charset=ISO-8859-1:\\\n" "\t:lang=de_DE.ISO8859-1:\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:173 msgid "" "Here is an example of a user's [.filename]#~/.login_conf# that sets the " "variables for Traditional Chinese in BIG-5 encoding. More variables are " "needed because some applications do not correctly respect locale variables " "for Chinese, Japanese, and Korean:" msgstr "" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:183 #, no-wrap msgid "" "#Users who do not wish to use monetary units or time formats\n" "#of Taiwan can manually change each variable\n" "me:\\\n" "\t:lang=zh_TW.Big5:\\\n" "\t:setenv=LC_ALL=zh_TW.Big5,LC_COLLATE=zh_TW.Big5,LC_CTYPE=zh_TW.Big5,LC_MESSAGES=zh_TW.Big5,LC_MONETARY=zh_TW.Big5,LC_NUMERIC=zh_TW.Big5,LC_TIME=zh_TW.Big5:\\\n" "\t:charset=big5:\\\n" "\t:xmodifiers=\"@im=gcin\": #Set gcin as the XIM Input Server\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:187 msgid "" "Alternately, the superuser can configure all users of the system for " "localization. The following variables in [.filename]#/etc/login.conf# are " "used to set the locale and MIME character set:" msgstr "" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:194 #, no-wrap msgid "" "language_name|Account Type Description:\\\n" "\t:charset=MIME_charset:\\\n" "\t:lang=locale_name:\\\n" "\t:tc=default:\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:197 msgid "So, the previous Latin-1 example would look like this:" msgstr "" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:204 #, no-wrap msgid "" "german|German Users Accounts:\\\n" "\t:charset=ISO-8859-1:\\\n" "\t:lang=de_DE.ISO8859-1:\\\n" "\t:tc=default:\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:208 msgid "" "See man:login.conf[5] for more details about these variables. Note that it " "already contains pre-defined _russian_ class." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:210 msgid "" "Whenever [.filename]#/etc/login.conf# is edited, remember to execute the " "following command to update the capability database:" msgstr "" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:214 #, no-wrap msgid "# cap_mkdb /etc/login.conf\n" msgstr "" #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:219 msgid "" "For an end user, the `cap_mkdb` command will need to be run on their " "[.filename]#~/.login_conf# for any changes to take effect." msgstr "" #. type: Title ===== #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:221 #, no-wrap msgid "Utilities Which Change Login Classes" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:224 msgid "" "In addition to manually editing [.filename]#/etc/login.conf#, several " "utilities are available for setting the locale for newly created users." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:226 msgid "" "When using `vipw` to add new users, specify the _language_ to set the locale:" msgstr "" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:230 #, no-wrap msgid "user:password:1111:11:language:0:0:User Name:/home/user:/bin/sh\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:233 msgid "" "When using `adduser` to add new users, the default language can be pre-" "configured for all new users or specified for an individual user." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:235 msgid "" "If all new users use the same language, set `defaultclass=_language_` in " "[.filename]#/etc/adduser.conf#." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:237 msgid "" "To override this setting when creating a user, either input the required " "locale at this prompt:" msgstr "" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:241 #, no-wrap msgid "Enter login class: default []:\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:244 msgid "or specify the locale to set when invoking `adduser`:" msgstr "" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:248 #, no-wrap msgid "# adduser -class language\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:251 msgid "If `pw` is used to add new users, specify the locale as follows:" msgstr "" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:255 #, no-wrap msgid "# pw useradd user_name -L language\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:259 msgid "" "To change the login class of an existing user, `chpass` can be used. Invoke " "it as superuser and provide the username to edit as the argument." msgstr "" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:263 #, no-wrap msgid "# chpass user_name\n" msgstr "" #. type: Title ==== #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:267 #, no-wrap msgid "Shell Startup File Method" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:272 msgid "" "This second method is not recommended as each shell that is used requires " "manual configuration, where each shell has a different configuration file " "and differing syntax. As an example, to set the German language for the " "`sh` shell, these lines could be added to [.filename]#~/.profile# to set the " "shell for that user only. These lines could also be added to [.filename]#/" "etc/profile# or [.filename]#/usr/share/skel/dot.profile# to set that shell " "for all users:" msgstr "" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:277 #, no-wrap msgid "" "LANG=de_DE.ISO8859-1; export LANG\n" "MM_CHARSET=ISO-8859-1; export MM_CHARSET\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:281 msgid "" "However, the name of the configuration file and the syntax used differs for " "the `csh` shell. These are the equivalent settings for " "[.filename]#~/.login#, [.filename]#/etc/csh.login#, or [.filename]#/usr/" "share/skel/dot.login#:" msgstr "" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:286 #, no-wrap msgid "" "setenv LANG de_DE.ISO8859-1\n" "setenv MM_CHARSET ISO-8859-1\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:290 msgid "" "To complicate matters, the syntax needed to configure Xorg in " "[.filename]#~/.xinitrc# also depends upon the shell. The first example is " "for the `sh` shell and the second is for the `csh` shell:" msgstr "" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:294 #, no-wrap msgid "LANG=de_DE.ISO8859-1; export LANG\n" msgstr "" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:300 #, no-wrap msgid "setenv LANG de_DE.ISO8859-1\n" msgstr "" #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:304 #, no-wrap msgid "Console Setup" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:309 msgid "" "Several localized fonts are available for the console. To see a listing of " "available fonts, type `ls /usr/share/syscons/fonts`. To configure the " "console font, specify the _font_name_, without the [.filename]#.fnt# suffix, " "in [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#:" msgstr "" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:315 #, no-wrap msgid "" "font8x16=font_name\n" "font8x14=font_name\n" "font8x8=font_name\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:318 msgid "" "The keymap and screenmap can be set by adding the following to [.filename]#/" "etc/rc.conf#:" msgstr "" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:324 #, no-wrap msgid "" "scrnmap=screenmap_name\n" "keymap=keymap_name\n" "keychange=\"fkey_number sequence\"\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:329 msgid "" "To see the list of available screenmaps, type `ls /usr/share/syscons/" "scrnmaps`. Do not include the [.filename]#.scm# suffix when specifying " "_screenmap_name_. A screenmap with a corresponding mapped font is usually " "needed as a workaround for expanding bit 8 to bit 9 on a VGA adapter's font " "character matrix so that letters are moved out of the pseudographics area if " "the screen font uses a bit 8 column." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:333 msgid "" "To see the list of available keymaps, type `ls /usr/share/syscons/keymaps`. " "When specifying the _keymap_name_, do not include the [.filename]#.kbd# " "suffix. To test keymaps without rebooting, use man:kbdmap[1]." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:335 msgid "" "The `keychange` entry is usually needed to program function keys to match " "the selected terminal type because function key sequences cannot be defined " "in the keymap." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:338 msgid "" "Next, set the correct console terminal type in [.filename]#/etc/ttys# for " "all virtual terminal entries. crossref:l10n[locale-charset,Defined Terminal " "Types for Character Sets] summarizes the available terminal types.:" msgstr "" #. type: Block title #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:340 #, no-wrap msgid "Defined Terminal Types for Character Sets" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:344 #, no-wrap msgid "Character Set" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:346 #, no-wrap msgid "Terminal Type" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:347 #, no-wrap msgid "ISO8859-1 or ISO8859-15" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:349 #, no-wrap msgid "`cons25l1`" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:350 #, no-wrap msgid "ISO8859-2" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:352 #, no-wrap msgid "`cons25l2`" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:353 #, no-wrap msgid "ISO8859-7" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:355 #, no-wrap msgid "`cons25l7`" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:356 #, no-wrap msgid "KOI8-R" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:358 #, no-wrap msgid "`cons25r`" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:359 #, no-wrap msgid "KOI8-U" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:361 #, no-wrap msgid "`cons25u`" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:362 #, no-wrap msgid "CP437 (VGA default)" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:364 #, no-wrap msgid "`cons25`" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:365 #, no-wrap msgid "US-ASCII" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:366 #, no-wrap msgid "`cons25w`" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:371 msgid "" "For languages with wide or multibyte characters, install a console for that " "language from the FreeBSD Ports Collection. The available ports are " "summarized in crossref:l10n[locale-console,Available Console from Ports " "Collection]. Once installed, refer to the port's [.filename]#pkg-message# " "or man pages for configuration and usage instructions." msgstr "" #. type: Block title #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:373 #, no-wrap msgid "Available Console from Ports Collection" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:377 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:422 #, no-wrap msgid "Language" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:379 #, no-wrap msgid "Port Location" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:380 #, no-wrap msgid "Traditional Chinese (BIG-5)" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:382 #, no-wrap msgid "package:chinese/big5con[]" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:383 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:386 #, no-wrap msgid "Chinese/Japanese/Korean" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:385 #, no-wrap msgid "package:chinese/cce[]" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:388 #, no-wrap msgid "package:chinese/zhcon[]" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:389 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:392 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:395 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:446 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:449 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:452 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:455 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:458 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:461 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:464 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:467 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:470 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:473 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:476 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:479 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:482 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:485 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:488 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:491 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:494 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:497 #, no-wrap msgid "Japanese" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:391 #, no-wrap msgid "package:chinese/kon2[]" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:394 #, no-wrap msgid "package:japanese/kon2-14dot[]" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:396 #, no-wrap msgid "package:japanese/kon2-16dot[]" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:401 msgid "" "If moused is enabled in [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#, additional configuration " "may be required. By default, the mouse cursor of the man:syscons[4] driver " "occupies the `0xd0`-`0xd3` range in the character set. If the language uses " "this range, move the cursor's range by adding the following line to " "[.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#:" msgstr "" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:405 #, no-wrap msgid "mousechar_start=3\n" msgstr "" #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:407 #, no-wrap msgid "Xorg Setup" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:412 msgid "" "crossref:x11[x11,The X Window System] describes how to install and configure " "Xorg. When configuring Xorg for localization, additional fonts and input " "methods are available from the FreeBSD Ports Collection. Application " "specific i18n settings such as fonts and menus can be tuned in " "[.filename]#~/.Xresources# and should allow users to view their selected " "language in graphical application menus." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:416 msgid "" "The X Input Method (XIM) protocol is an Xorg standard for inputting non-" "English characters. crossref:l10n[locale-xim,Available Input Methods] " "summarizes the input method applications which are available in the FreeBSD " "Ports Collection. Additional Fcitx and Uim applications are also available." msgstr "" #. type: Block title #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:418 #, no-wrap msgid "Available Input Methods" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:424 #, no-wrap msgid "Input Method" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:425 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:428 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:431 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:434 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:437 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:440 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:443 #, no-wrap msgid "Chinese" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:427 #, no-wrap msgid "package:chinese/gcin[]" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:430 #, no-wrap msgid "package:chinese/ibus-chewing[]" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:433 #, no-wrap msgid "package:chinese/ibus-pinyin[]" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:436 #, no-wrap msgid "package:chinese/oxim[]" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:439 #, no-wrap msgid "package:chinese/scim-fcitx[]" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:442 #, no-wrap msgid "package:chinese/scim-pinyin[]" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:445 #, no-wrap msgid "package:chinese/scim-tables[]" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:448 #, no-wrap msgid "package:japanese/ibus-anthy[]" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:451 #, no-wrap msgid "package:japanese/ibus-mozc[]" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:454 #, no-wrap msgid "package:japanese/ibus-skk[]" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:457 #, no-wrap msgid "package:japanese/im-ja[]" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:460 #, no-wrap msgid "package:japanese/kinput2[]" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:463 #, no-wrap msgid "package:japanese/scim-anthy[]" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:466 #, no-wrap msgid "package:japanese/scim-canna[]" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:469 #, no-wrap msgid "package:japanese/scim-honoka[]" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:472 #, no-wrap msgid "package:japanese/scim-honoka-plugin-romkan[]" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:475 #, no-wrap msgid "package:japanese/scim-honoka-plugin-wnn[]" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:478 #, no-wrap msgid "package:japanese/scim-prime[]" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:481 #, no-wrap msgid "package:japanese/scim-skk[]" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:484 #, no-wrap msgid "package:japanese/scim-tables[]" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:487 #, no-wrap msgid "package:japanese/scim-tomoe[]" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:490 #, no-wrap msgid "package:japanese/scim-uim[]" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:493 #, no-wrap msgid "package:japanese/skkinput[]" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:496 #, no-wrap msgid "package:japanese/skkinput3[]" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:499 #, no-wrap msgid "package:japanese/uim-anthy[]" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:500 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:503 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:506 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:509 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:512 #, no-wrap msgid "Korean" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:502 #, no-wrap msgid "package:korean/ibus-hangul[]" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:505 #, no-wrap msgid "package:korean/imhangul[]" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:508 #, no-wrap msgid "package:korean/nabi[]" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:511 #, no-wrap msgid "package:korean/scim-hangul[]" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:514 #, no-wrap msgid "package:korean/scim-tables[]" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:515 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:518 #, no-wrap msgid "Vietnamese" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:517 #, no-wrap msgid "package:vietnamese/xvnkb[]" msgstr "" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:519 #, no-wrap msgid "package:vietnamese/x-unikey[]" msgstr "" #. type: Title == #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:522 #, no-wrap msgid "Finding i18n Applications" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:526 msgid "" "i18n applications are programmed using i18n kits under libraries. These " "allow developers to write a simple file and translate displayed menus and " "texts to each language." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:530 msgid "" "The link:https://ports.FreeBSD.org[FreeBSD Ports Collection] contains many " "applications with built-in support for wide or multibyte characters for " "several languages. Such applications include `i18n` in their names for easy " "identification. However, they do not always support the language needed." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:534 msgid "" "Some applications can be compiled with the specific charset. This is " "usually done in the port's [.filename]#Makefile# or by passing a value to " "configure. Refer to the i18n documentation in the respective FreeBSD port's " "source for more information on how to determine the needed configure value " "or the port's [.filename]#Makefile# to determine which compile options to " "use when building the port." msgstr "" #. type: Title == #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:536 #, no-wrap msgid "Locale Configuration for Specific Languages" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:540 msgid "" "This section provides configuration examples for localizing a FreeBSD system " "for the Russian language. It then provides some additional resources for " "localizing other languages." msgstr "" #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:542 #, no-wrap msgid "Russian Language (KOI8-R Encoding)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:546 msgid "" "This section shows the specific settings needed to localize a FreeBSD system " "for the Russian language. Refer to crossref:l10n[using-localization,Using " "Localization] for a complete description of each type of setting." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:548 msgid "" "To set this locale for the login shell, add the following lines to each " "user's [.filename]#~/.login_conf#:" msgstr "" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:554 #, no-wrap msgid "" "me:My Account:\\\n" "\t:charset=KOI8-R:\\\n" "\t:lang=ru_RU.KOI8-R:\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:557 msgid "" "To configure the console, add the following lines to [.filename]#/etc/" "rc.conf#:" msgstr "" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:566 #, no-wrap msgid "" "keymap=\"ru.utf-8\"\n" "scrnmap=\"utf-82cp866\"\n" "font8x16=\"cp866b-8x16\"\n" "font8x14=\"cp866-8x14\"\n" "font8x8=\"cp866-8x8\"\n" "mousechar_start=3\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:569 msgid "" "For each `ttyv` entry in [.filename]#/etc/ttys#, use `cons25r` as the " "terminal type." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:573 msgid "" "To configure printing, a special output filter is needed to convert from " "KOI8-R to CP866 since most printers with Russian characters come with " "hardware code page CP866. FreeBSD includes a default filter for this " "purpose, [.filename]#/usr/libexec/lpr/ru/koi2alt#. To use this filter, add " "this entry to [.filename]#/etc/printcap#:" msgstr "" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:579 #, no-wrap msgid "" "lp|Russian local line printer:\\\n" "\t:sh:of=/usr/libexec/lpr/ru/koi2alt:\\\n" "\t:lp=/dev/lpt0:sd=/var/spool/output/lpd:lf=/var/log/lpd-errs:\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:582 msgid "Refer to man:printcap[5] for a more detailed explanation." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:584 msgid "" "To configure support for Russian filenames in mounted MS-DOS(R) file " "systems, include `-L` and the locale name when adding an entry to " "[.filename]#/etc/fstab#:" msgstr "" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:588 #, no-wrap msgid "/dev/ad0s2 /dos/c msdos rw,-Lru_RU.KOI8-R 0 0\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:591 msgid "Refer to man:mount_msdosfs[8] for more details." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:594 msgid "" "To configure Russian fonts for Xorg, install the package:x11-fonts/xorg-" "fonts-cyrillic[] package. Then, check the `\"Files\"` section in " "[.filename]#/etc/X11/xorg.conf#. The following line must be added _before_ " "any other `FontPath` entries:" msgstr "" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:598 #, no-wrap msgid "FontPath \"/usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/cyrillic\"\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:601 msgid "Additional Cyrillic fonts are available in the Ports Collection." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:603 msgid "" "To activate a Russian keyboard, add the following to the `\"Keyboard\"` " "section of [.filename]#/etc/xorg.conf#:" msgstr "" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:608 #, no-wrap msgid "" "Option \"XkbLayout\" \"us,ru\"\n" "Option \"XkbOptions\" \"grp:toggle\"\n" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:611 msgid "Make sure that `XkbDisable` is commented out in that file." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:614 msgid "" "For `grp:toggle` use kbd:[Right Alt], for `grp:ctrl_shift_toggle` use kbd:" "[Ctrl+Shift]. For `grp:caps_toggle` use kbd:[CapsLock]. The old kbd:" "[CapsLock] function is still available in LAT mode only using kbd:" "[Shift+CapsLock]. `grp:caps_toggle` does not work in Xorg for some unknown " "reason." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:616 msgid "" "If the keyboard has \"Windows(R)\" keys, and some non-alphabetical keys are " "mapped incorrectly, add the following line to [.filename]#/etc/xorg.conf#:" msgstr "" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:620 #, no-wrap msgid "Option \"XkbVariant\" \",winkeys\"\n" msgstr "" #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:626 msgid "" "The Russian XKB keyboard may not work with non-localized applications. " "Minimally localized applications should call a `XtSetLanguageProc (NULL, " "NULL, NULL);` function early in the program." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:630 msgid "" "See http://koi8.pp.ru/xwin.html[http://koi8.pp.ru/xwin.html] for more " "instructions on localizing Xorg applications. For more general information " "about KOI8-R encoding, refer to http://koi8.pp.ru/[http://koi8.pp.ru/]." msgstr "" #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:631 #, no-wrap msgid "Additional Language-Specific Resources" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:634 msgid "" "This section lists some additional resources for configuring other locales." msgstr "" #. type: Labeled list #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:635 #, no-wrap msgid "Traditional Chinese for Taiwan" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:637 msgid "" "The FreeBSD-Taiwan Project has a Chinese HOWTO for FreeBSD at http://" "netlab.cse.yzu.edu.tw/\\~statue/freebsd/zh-tut/[http://netlab.cse.yzu.edu.tw/" "~statue/freebsd/zh-tut/]." msgstr "" #. type: Labeled list #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:638 #, no-wrap msgid "Greek Language Localization" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:640 msgid "" "A complete article on Greek support in FreeBSD is available https://" "www.FreeBSD.org/doc/gr/articles/greek-language-support/[here], in Greek " "only, as part of the official FreeBSD Greek documentation." msgstr "" #. type: Labeled list #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:641 #, no-wrap msgid "Japanese and Korean Language Localization" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:643 msgid "" "For Japanese, refer to http://www.jp.FreeBSD.org/[http://" "www.jp.FreeBSD.org/], and for Korean, refer to http://www.kr.FreeBSD.org/" "[http://www.kr.FreeBSD.org/]." msgstr "" #. type: Labeled list #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:644 #, no-wrap msgid "Non-English FreeBSD Documentation" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/books/handbook/l10n/_index.adoc:646 msgid "" "Some FreeBSD contributors have translated parts of the FreeBSD documentation " "to other languages. They are available through links on the link:https://" "www.FreeBSD.org/[FreeBSD web site] or in [.filename]#/usr/share/doc#." msgstr ""