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# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE # Copyright (C) YEAR The FreeBSD Project # This file is distributed under the same license as the FreeBSD Documentation package. # Fernando Apesteguía <[email protected]>, 2021, 2022, 2023. # Juan David Jaramillo Ortiz <[email protected]>, 2023. msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: FreeBSD Documentation VERSION\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2023-06-19 21:08-0300\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2023-07-18 09:31+0000\n" "Last-Translator: Fernando Apesteguía <[email protected]>\n" "Language-Team: Spanish <https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/projects/" "documentation/articleslinux-users_index/es/>\n" "Language: es\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" "Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=n != 1;\n" "X-Generator: Weblate 4.17\n" #. type: YAML Front Matter: description #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:1 #, no-wrap msgid "This document is intended to quickly familiarize intermediate to advanced Linux® users with the basics of FreeBSD." msgstr "Este documento está pensado para que usuarios intermedios o avanzados de Linux(R) se familiaricen rápido con el funcionamiento básico de FreeBSD." #. type: YAML Front Matter: title #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:1 #, no-wrap msgid "FreeBSD Quickstart Guide for Linux® Users" msgstr "Guía Rápida de FreeBSD para Usuarios de Linux(R)" #. type: Title = #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:11 #, no-wrap msgid "FreeBSD Quickstart Guide for Linux(R) Users" msgstr "Guía Rápida de FreeBSD para Usuarios de Linux(R)" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:44 msgid "Abstract" msgstr "Resumen" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:46 msgid "" "This document is intended to quickly familiarize intermediate to advanced " "Linux(R) users with the basics of FreeBSD." msgstr "" "Este documento está pensado para que usuarios intermedios y avanzados de " "Linux(R) se familiaricen rápidamente con el funcionamiento de FreeBSD." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:48 msgid "'''" msgstr "'''" #. type: Title == #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:52 #, no-wrap msgid "Introduction" msgstr "Introducción" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:55 msgid "" "This document highlights some of the technical differences between FreeBSD " "and Linux(R) so that intermediate to advanced Linux(R) users can quickly " "familiarize themselves with the basics of FreeBSD." msgstr "" "Este documento resalta algunas de las diferencias técnicas entre FreeBSD y " "Linux(R) de forma que los usuarios intermedios y avanzados de Linux(R) se " "puedan familiarizar con el funcionamiento básico de FreeBSD." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:58 msgid "" "This document assumes that FreeBSD is already installed. Refer to the " "extref:{handbook}[Installing FreeBSD, bsdinstall] chapter of the FreeBSD " "Handbook for help with the installation process." msgstr "" "Este documento asume que FreeBSD ya está instalado. Consulta el capítulo " "extref:{handbook}[Instalar FreeBSD, bsdinstall] del FreeBSD Handbook para " "obtener ayuda con el proceso de instalación." #. type: Title == #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:60 #, no-wrap msgid "Default Shell" msgstr "Shell por Defecto" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:68 msgid "" "Linux(R) users are often surprised to find that Bash is not the default " "shell in FreeBSD. In fact, Bash is not included in the default " "installation. Instead, the Bourne shell-compatible man:sh[1] as the default " "user shell. The root shell is man:tcsh[1] by default on FreeBSD 13 and " "earlier and man:sh[1] on FreeBSD 14 and later. man:sh[1] is very similar to " "Bash but with a much smaller feature-set. Generally shell scripts written " "for man:sh[1] will run in Bash, but the reverse is not always true." msgstr "" "Los usuarios de Linux(R) normalmente se sorprenden al ver que Bash no es el " "shell por defecto en FreeBSD. De hecho, Bash no se incluye en la instalación " "por defecto. En su lugar, se usa por defecto el shell compatible con Bourne " "man:sh[1] para los usuarios. El shell por defecto para root es man:tcsh[1] " "en FreeBSD 13 y anteriores y man:sh[1] en FreeBSD 14 y posteriores man:sh[1] " "es muy similar a Bash pero con muchas menos funcionalidades. Normalmente los " "shell scripts escritos para man:sh[1] se podrán ejecutar en Bash, pero a la " "inversa no es siempre cierto." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:70 msgid "" "However, Bash and other shells are available for installation using the " "FreeBSD extref:{handbook}[Packages and Ports Collection, ports]." msgstr "" "Sin embargo, Bash y otros shells están disponibles para su instalación " "utilizando los extref:{handbook}[Paquetes y la Colección de Ports, ports] de " "FreeBSD." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:75 msgid "" "After installing another shell, use man:chsh[1] to change a user's default " "shell. It is recommended that the `root` user's default shell remain " "unchanged since shells which are not included in the base distribution are " "installed to [.filename]#/usr/local/bin#. In the event of a problem, the " "file system where [.filename]#/usr/local/bin# is located may not be " "mounted. In this case, `root` would not have access to its default shell, " "preventing `root` from logging in and fixing the problem." msgstr "" "Después de instalar otro shell, utiliza man:chsh[1] para cambiar el shell " "por defecto del usuario. Se recomienda que no se cambie el shell por defecto " "del usuario root ya que los shells que no se incluyen en la distribución " "base se instalan en [.filename]#/usr/local/bin#. En caso de que haya un " "problema, el sistema de ficheros donde se encuentra [.filename]#/usr/local/" "bin# podría no ser montado. En ese caso, `root` podría no tener acceso a su " "shell por defecto, evitando que pueda iniciar sesión y arreglar el problema." #. type: Title == #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:77 #, no-wrap msgid "Packages and Ports: Adding Software in FreeBSD" msgstr "Paquetes y Ports: Instalar Software en FreeBSD" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:81 msgid "" "FreeBSD provides two methods for installing applications: binary packages " "and compiled ports. Each method has its own benefits:" msgstr "" "FreeBSD proporciona dos métodos para instalar aplicaciones: paquetes " "binarios y ports compilados. Cada método tiene sus propias ventajas:" #. type: Block title #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:82 #, no-wrap msgid "Binary Packages" msgstr "Paquetes Binarios" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:84 msgid "Faster installation as compared to compiling large applications." msgstr "" "Instalación más rápida comparado con la compilación de aplicaciones de gran " "tamaño." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:85 msgid "Does not require an understanding of how to compile software." msgstr "No es necesario saber cómo compilar software." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:86 msgid "No need to install a compiler." msgstr "No es necesario instalar un compilador." #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:87 #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:112 #, no-wrap msgid "Ports" msgstr "Ports" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:89 msgid "Ability to customize installation options." msgstr "Posibilidad de personalizar las opciones de instalación." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:90 msgid "Custom patches can be applied." msgstr "Se pueden aplicar parches personalizados." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:94 msgid "" "If an application installation does not require any customization, " "installing the package is sufficient. Compile the port instead whenever an " "application requires customization of the default options. If needed, a " "custom package can be compiled from ports using `make package`." msgstr "" "Si la instalación de una aplicación no necesita ninguna personalización, " "instalar el paquete es suficiente. En cambio, compila el port cuando una " "aplicación requiera personalización de las opciones por defecto. Si es " "necesario, se puede compilar un paquete personalizado a partir de ports " "utilizando `make package`." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:96 msgid "" "A complete list of all available ports and packages can be found https://www." "freebsd.org/ports/[here]." msgstr "" "https://www.freebsd.org/ports/[Aquí] se puede encontrar una lista completa " "de todos los ports y paquetes disponibles." #. type: Title === #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:98 #, no-wrap msgid "Packages" msgstr "Paquetes" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:103 msgid "" "Packages are pre-compiled applications, the FreeBSD equivalents of [." "filename]#.deb# files on Debian/Ubuntu based systems and [.filename]#.rpm# " "files on Red Hat/Fedora based systems. Packages are installed using `pkg`. " "For example, the following command installs Apache 2.4:" msgstr "" "Los paquetes son aplicaciones precompiladas, los equivalentes en FreeBSD de " "los ficheros [.filename]#.deb# de sistemas basados en Debian/Ubuntu y los " "ficheros [.filename]#.rpm# files en los sistemas basados en Red Hat/Fedora. " "Los paquetes se instalan utilizando `pkg`. Por ejemplo, el siguiente comando " "instala Apache 2.4:" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:107 #, no-wrap msgid "# pkg install apache24\n" msgstr "# pkg install apache24\n" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:110 msgid "" "For more information on packages refer to section 5.4 of the FreeBSD " "Handbook: extref:{handbook}[Using pkgng for Binary Package Management, pkgng-" "intro]." msgstr "" "Para más información acerca de paquetes consulta la sección 5.4 del FreeBSD " "Handbook: extref:{handbook}[Usar pkgng para la Gestión de Paquetes Binarios, " "pkgng-intro]." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:116 msgid "" "The FreeBSD Ports Collection is a framework of [.filename]#Makefiles# and " "patches specifically customized for installing applications from source on " "FreeBSD. When installing a port, the system will fetch the source code, " "apply any required patches, compile the code, and install the application " "and any required dependencies." msgstr "" "La Colección de Ports de FreeBSD es un framework de [.filename]#Makefiles# y " "parches específicamente personalizados para instalar aplicaciones con su " "código fuente en FreeBSD. Al instalar un port, el sistema buscará el código " "fuente, aplicará los parches necesarios, compilará el código e instalará la " "aplicación y las dependencias necesarias." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:119 msgid "" "The Ports Collection, sometimes referred to as the ports tree, can be " "installed to [.filename]#/usr/ports# using link:{handbook}mirrors/" "#git[Git]. Detailed instructions for installing the Ports Collection can be " "found in extref:{handbook}[section 4.5.1, ports-using-installation-methods] " "of the FreeBSD Handbook." msgstr "" "La Colección de Ports, a veces llamada árbol de ports (ports tree), se puede " "instalar en [.filename]#/usr/ports# utilizando link:{handbook}mirrors/" "#git[Git]. Se pueden encontrar instrucciones detalladas para instalar la " "Colección de Ports en la extref:{handbook}[sección 4.5.1, ports-using-" "installation-methods] del FreeBSD Handbook." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:121 msgid "" "To compile a port, change to the port's directory and start the build " "process. The following example installs Apache 2.4 from the Ports Collection:" msgstr "" "Para compilar un port, cambia al directorio del port e inicia el proceso de " "construcción. El siguiente ejemplo instala Apache 2.4 desde la Colección de " "Ports:" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:126 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/www/apache24\n" "# make install clean\n" msgstr "" "# cd /usr/ports/www/apache24\n" "# make install clean\n" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:130 msgid "" "A benefit of using ports to install software is the ability to customize the " "installation options. This example specifies that the mod_ldap module " "should also be installed:" msgstr "" "Un beneficio de usar ports para instalar software es la posibilidad de " "personalizar las opciones de instalación. Este ejemplo especifica que el " "módulo mod_ldap debería instalarse también:" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:135 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# cd /usr/ports/www/apache24\n" "# make WITH_LDAP=\"YES\" install clean\n" msgstr "" "# cd /usr/ports/www/apache24\n" "# make WITH_LDAP=\"YES\" install clean\n" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:138 msgid "" "Refer to extref:{handbook}[Using the Ports Collection, ports-using] for more " "information." msgstr "" "Consulta extref:{handbook}[Usar la Colección de Ports, ports-using] para más " "información." #. type: Title == #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:140 #, no-wrap msgid "System Startup" msgstr "Inicio del Sistema" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:147 msgid "" "Many Linux(R) distributions use the SysV init system, whereas FreeBSD uses " "the traditional BSD-style man:init[8]. Under the BSD-style man:init[8], " "there are no run-levels and [.filename]#/etc/inittab# does not exist. " "Instead, startup is controlled by man:rc[8] scripts. At system boot, [." "filename]#/etc/rc# reads [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf# and [.filename]#/etc/" "defaults/rc.conf# to determine which services are to be started. The " "specified services are then started by running the corresponding service " "initialization scripts located in [.filename]#/etc/rc.d/# and [.filename]#/" "usr/local/etc/rc.d/#. These scripts are similar to the scripts located in [." "filename]#/etc/init.d/# on Linux(R) systems." msgstr "" "Muchas distribuciones Linux(R) utilizan el sistema de arranque de SysV, " "mientras que FreeBSD utiliza el man:init[8] tradicional de BSD. Bajo el man:" "init[8] tradicional de BSD, no hay niveles de ejecución (run-levels) y no " "existe [.filename]#/etc/inittab#. En su lugar, el arranque se controla con " "scripts man:rc[8]. Cuando el sistema arranca, [.filename]#/etc/rc# lee [." "filename]#/etc/rc.conf# y [.filename]#/etc/defaults/rc.conf# para determinar " "qué servicios se tienen que arrancar. Los servicios especificados se " "arrancan ejecutando el script de inicialización correspondiente situado en [." "filename]#/etc/rc.d/# y [.filename]#/usr/local/etc/rc.d/#. Estos scripts son " "parecidos a los que se encuentran en [.filename]#/etc/init.d/# en los " "sistemas Linux(R)." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:150 msgid "" "The scripts found in [.filename]#/etc/rc.d/# are for applications that are " "part of the \"base\" system, such as man:cron[8], man:sshd[8], and man:" "syslog[3]. The scripts in [.filename]#/usr/local/etc/rc.d/# are for user-" "installed applications such as Apache and Squid." msgstr "" "Los scripts que se encuentran en [.filename]#/etc/rc.d/# son para " "aplicaciones que forman parte del sistema \"base\", como man:cron[8], man:" "sshd[8], y man:syslog[3]. Los scripts en [.filename]#/usr/local/etc/rc.d/# " "son para aplicaciones instaladas por el usuario como Apache y Squid." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:155 msgid "" "Since FreeBSD is developed as a complete operating system, user-installed " "applications are not considered to be part of the \"base\" system. User-" "installed applications are generally installed using extref:{handbook}" "[Packages or Ports, ports-using]. In order to keep them separate from the " "base system, user-installed applications are installed under [.filename]#/" "usr/local/#. Therefore, user-installed binaries reside in [.filename]#/usr/" "local/bin/#, configuration files are in [.filename]#/usr/local/etc/#, and so " "on." msgstr "" "Puesto que FreeBSD se desarrolla como un sistema operativo completo, las " "aplicaciones instaladas por el usuario no se consideran parte del sistema " "\"base\". Las aplicaciones instaladas por el usuario normalmente se instalan " "mediante extref:{handbook}[Paquetes o Ports, ports-using]. Para mantenerlos " "separados del sistema base, estas aplicaciones se instalan en [.filename]#/" "usr/local/#. Por lo tanto, los binarios instalados por el usuario se " "encuentran en [.filename]#/usr/local/bin/#, los ficheros de configuración en " "[.filename]#/usr/local/etc/#, y así sucesivamente." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:160 msgid "" "Services are enabled by adding an entry for the service in [.filename]#/etc/" "rc.conf#. The system defaults are found in [.filename]#/etc/defaults/rc." "conf# and these default settings are overridden by settings in [.filename]#/" "etc/rc.conf#. Refer to man:rc.conf[5] for more information about the " "available entries. When installing additional applications, review the " "application's install message to determine how to enable any associated " "services." msgstr "" "Los servicios se habilitan añadiendo una entrada para el servicio en [." "filename]#/etc/rc.conf#. Los predeterminados del sistema se encuentran en [." "filename]#/etc/defaults/rc.conf# a los que se anteponen los servicios en [." "filename]#/etc/rc.conf#. Consulta man:rc.conf[5] para más información acerca " "de las entradas disponibles. Cuando instales aplicaciones adicionales, " "revisa los mensajes de instalación de la aplicación para determinar cómo " "activar cualquier servicio que tenga asociado." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:162 msgid "" "The following entries in [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf# enable man:sshd[8], " "enable Apache 2.4, and specify that Apache should be started with SSL." msgstr "" "Las siguientes entradas en [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf# activan man:sshd[8], " "activan Apache 2.4, y especifican que Apache debería arrancar con SSL." #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:170 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# enable SSHD\n" "sshd_enable=\"YES\"\n" "# enable Apache with SSL\n" "apache24_enable=\"YES\"\n" "apache24_flags=\"-DSSL\"\n" msgstr "" "# activa SSHD\n" "sshd_enable=\"YES\"\n" "# activa Apache con SSL\n" "apache24_enable=\"YES\"\n" "apache24_flags=\"-DSSL\"\n" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:173 msgid "" "Once a service has been enabled in [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#, it can be " "started without rebooting the system:" msgstr "" "Una vez que un servicio ha sido activado en [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#, puede " "iniciarse sin reiniciar el sistema:" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:178 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# service sshd start\n" "# service apache24 start\n" msgstr "" "# service sshd start\n" "# service apache24 start\n" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:181 msgid "" "If a service has not been enabled, it can be started from the command line " "using `onestart`:" msgstr "" "Si un servicio no se ha habilitado, se puede arrancar desde la línea de " "comando utilizando `onestart`:" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:185 #, no-wrap msgid "# service sshd onestart\n" msgstr "# service sshd onestart\n" #. type: Title == #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:188 #, no-wrap msgid "Network Configuration" msgstr "Configuración de la Red" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:192 msgid "" "Instead of a generic _ethX_ identifier that Linux(R) uses to identify a " "network interface, FreeBSD uses the driver name followed by a number. The " "following output from man:ifconfig[8] shows two Intel(R) Pro 1000 network " "interfaces ([.filename]#em0# and [.filename]#em1#):" msgstr "" "En lugar de un identificador genérico _ethX_ que Linux(R) utiliza para " "identificar un interfaz de red, FreeBSD utiliza el nombre del controlador " "seguido de un número. Lo siguiente salida del comando man:ifconfig[8] " "muestra dos interfaces de red Intel(R) Pro 1000 ([.filename]#em0# y [." "filename]#em1#):" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:208 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% ifconfig\n" "em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500\n" " options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>\n" " inet 10.10.10.100 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 10.10.10.255\n" " ether 00:50:56:a7:70:b2\n" " media: Ethernet autoselect (1000baseTX <full-duplex>)\n" " status: active\n" "em1: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500\n" " options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>\n" " inet 192.168.10.222 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.10.255\n" " ether 00:50:56:a7:03:2b\n" " media: Ethernet autoselect (1000baseTX <full-duplex>)\n" " status: active\n" msgstr "" "% ifconfig\n" "em0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500\n" " options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>\n" " inet 10.10.10.100 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 10.10.10.255\n" " ether 00:50:56:a7:70:b2\n" " media: Ethernet autoselect (1000baseTX <full-duplex>)\n" " status: active\n" "em1: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500\n" " options=b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU>\n" " inet 192.168.10.222 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.10.255\n" " ether 00:50:56:a7:03:2b\n" " media: Ethernet autoselect (1000baseTX <full-duplex>)\n" " status: active\n" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:213 msgid "" "An IP address can be assigned to an interface using man:ifconfig[8]. To " "remain persistent across reboots, the IP configuration must be included in [." "filename]#/etc/rc.conf#. The following [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf# entries " "specify the hostname, IP address, and default gateway:" msgstr "" "Se puede asignar una dirección IP a un interfaz utilizando man:ifconfig[8]. " "Para que permanezca de forma persistente entre arranques, la configuración " "IP se debe incluir en [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#. Las siguientes entradas en " "[.filename]#/etc/rc.conf# especifican el nombre del host, dirección IP, y la " "pasarela por defecto:" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:219 #, no-wrap msgid "" "hostname=\"server1.example.com\"\n" "ifconfig_em0=\"inet 10.10.10.100 netmask 255.255.255.0\"\n" "defaultrouter=\"10.10.10.1\"\n" msgstr "" "hostname=\"server1.example.com\"\n" "ifconfig_em0=\"inet 10.10.10.100 netmask 255.255.255.0\"\n" "defaultrouter=\"10.10.10.1\"\n" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:222 msgid "Use the following entries to instead configure an interface for DHCP:" msgstr "" "Utiliza las siguientes entradas si en su lugar quieres configurar un " "interfaz con DHCP:" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:227 #, no-wrap msgid "" "hostname=\"server1.example.com\"\n" "ifconfig_em0=\"DHCP\"\n" msgstr "" "hostname=\"server1.example.com\"\n" "ifconfig_em0=\"DHCP\"\n" #. type: Title == #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:230 #, no-wrap msgid "Firewall" msgstr "Firewall" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:234 msgid "" "FreeBSD does not use Linux(R) IPTABLES for its firewall. Instead, FreeBSD " "offers a choice of three kernel level firewalls:" msgstr "" "FreeBSD no utiliza como firewall el IPTABLES de Linux(R). En su lugar, " "FreeBSD ofrece tres posibles firewalls a nivel de kernel:" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:236 msgid "extref:{handbook}[PF, firewalls-pf]" msgstr "extref:{handbook}[PF, firewalls-pf]" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:237 msgid "extref:{handbook}[IPFILTER, firewalls-ipf]" msgstr "extref:{handbook}[IPFILTER, firewalls-ipf]" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:238 msgid "extref:{handbook}[IPFW, firewalls-ipfw]" msgstr "extref:{handbook}[IPFW, firewalls-ipfw]" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:242 msgid "" "PF is developed by the OpenBSD project and ported to FreeBSD. PF was " "created as a replacement for IPFILTER and its syntax is similar to that of " "IPFILTER. PF can be paired with man:altq[4] to provide QoS features." msgstr "" "PF es desarrollado por el proyecto OpenBSD y ha sido portado a FreeBSD. PF " "se creó como reemplazo de IPFILTER y su sintaxis es muy similar a la que " "tenía este último. PF se puede usar junto con man:altq[4] para proporcionar " "características QoS." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:244 msgid "This sample PF entry allows inbound SSH:" msgstr "Este ejemplo de entrada de PF permite conexiones entrantes SSH:" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:248 #, no-wrap msgid "pass in on $ext_if inet proto tcp from any to ($ext_if) port 22\n" msgstr "pass in on $ext_if inet proto tcp from any to ($ext_if) port 22\n" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:252 msgid "" "IPFILTER is the firewall application developed by Darren Reed. It is not " "specific to FreeBSD and has been ported to several operating systems " "including NetBSD, OpenBSD, SunOS, HP/UX, and Solaris." msgstr "" "IPFILTER es el firewall desarrollado por Darren Reed. No es específico de " "FreeBSD y se ha portado a varios sistemas operativos, incluidos NetBSD, " "OpenBSD, SunOS, HP/UX y Solaris." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:254 msgid "The IPFILTER syntax to allow inbound SSH is:" msgstr "" "La sintaxis de IPFILTER utilizada para permitir conexiones entrantes de SSH " "es:" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:258 #, no-wrap msgid "pass in on $ext_if proto tcp from any to any port = 22\n" msgstr "pass in on $ext_if proto tcp from any to any port = 22\n" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:262 msgid "" "IPFW is the firewall developed and maintained by FreeBSD. It can be paired " "with man:dummynet[4] to provide traffic shaping capabilities and simulate " "different types of network connections." msgstr "" "IPFW es el firewall desarrollado y mantenido por FreeBSD. Se puede utilizar " "junto con man:dummynet[4] para proporcionar capacidades de perfilado de " "tráfico y simular distintos tipos de conexiones de red." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:264 msgid "The IPFW syntax to allow inbound SSH would be:" msgstr "La sintaxis de IPFW para permitir conexiones entrantes de SSH sería:" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:268 #, no-wrap msgid "ipfw add allow tcp from any to me 22 in via $ext_if\n" msgstr "ipfw add allow tcp from any to me 22 in via $ext_if\n" #. type: Title == #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:271 #, no-wrap msgid "Updating FreeBSD" msgstr "Actualizando FreeBSD" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:274 msgid "" "There are two methods for updating a FreeBSD system: from source or binary " "updates." msgstr "" "Hay dos métodos para actualizar un sistema FreeBSD: a partir del código " "fuente o mediante la actualización de los binarios." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:278 msgid "" "Updating from source is the most involved update method, but offers the " "greatest amount of flexibility. The process involves synchronizing a local " "copy of the FreeBSD source code with the FreeBSD Git repository. Once the " "local source code is up-to-date, a new version of the kernel and userland " "can be compiled." msgstr "" "Actualizar desde código fuente es el método más complejo pero el que ofrece " "mayor flexibilidad. El proceso implica la sincronización de una copia local " "del código fuente de FreeBSD con los repositorios Git de FreeBSD. Una vez " "actualizado el código fuente, se pueden compilar nuevas versiones de las " "utilidades y el kernel." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:282 msgid "" "Binary updates are similar to using `yum` or `apt-get` to update a Linux(R) " "system. In FreeBSD, man:freebsd-update[8] can be used fetch new binary " "updates and install them. These updates can be scheduled using man:cron[8]." msgstr "" "Las actualizaciones binarias son similares a utilizar `yum` o `apt-get` para " "actualizar un sistema Linux(R). En FreeBSD, se puede utilizar man:freebsd-" "update[8] para obtener e instalar actualizaciones binarias. Estas " "actualizaciones se pueden programar utilizando man:cron[8]." #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:286 msgid "" "When using man:cron[8] to schedule updates, use `freebsd-update cron` in the " "man:crontab[1] to reduce the possibility of a large number of machines all " "pulling updates at the same time:" msgstr "" "Cuando se use man:cron[8] para planificar actualizaciones, utiliza `freebsd-" "update cron` en man:crontab[1] para reducir la posibilidad de un gran número " "de máquinas obteniendo las actualizaciones todas al mismo tiempo:" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:290 #, no-wrap msgid "0 3 * * * root /usr/sbin/freebsd-update cron\n" msgstr "0 3 * * * root /usr/sbin/freebsd-update cron\n" #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:295 msgid "" "For more information on source and binary updates, refer to extref:{handbook}" "[the chapter on updating, updating-upgrading-freebsdupdate] in the FreeBSD " "Handbook." msgstr "" "Para más información sobre las actualizaciones binarias, consulta " "extref:{handbook}[el capítulo sobre actualizaciones, updating-upgrading-" "freebsdupdate] en el FreeBSD Handbook." #. type: Title == #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:297 #, no-wrap msgid "procfs: Gone But Not Forgotten" msgstr "procfs: Desaparecido Pero No Olvidado" #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:301 msgid "" "In some Linux(R) distributions, one could look at [.filename]#/proc/sys/net/" "ipv4/ip_forward# to determine if IP forwarding is enabled. In FreeBSD, man:" "sysctl[8] is instead used to view this and other system settings." msgstr "" "En algunas distribuciones Linux(R), uno puede mirar en [.filename]#/proc/sys/" "net/ipv4/ip_forward# para determinar si IP forwarding está activado. En " "FreeBSD, se usa man:sysctl[8] para ver esta y otras configuraciones del " "sistema." #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:303 msgid "" "For example, use the following to determine if IP forwarding is enabled on a " "FreeBSD system:" msgstr "" "Por ejemplo, utiliza lo siguiente para determinar si IP forwarding está " "activado en un sistema FreeBSD:" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:308 #, no-wrap msgid "" "% sysctl net.inet.ip.forwarding\n" "net.inet.ip.forwarding: 0\n" msgstr "" "% sysctl net.inet.ip.forwarding\n" "net.inet.ip.forwarding: 0\n" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:311 msgid "Use `-a` to list all the system settings:" msgstr "Usa `-a` para listar toda la configuración del sistema:" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:315 #, no-wrap msgid "% sysctl -a | more\n" msgstr "% sysctl -a | more\n" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:318 msgid "" "If an application requires procfs, add the following entry to [.filename]#/" "etc/fstab#:" msgstr "" "Si una aplicación necesita procfs, añade la siguiente línea a [.filename]#/" "etc/fstab#:" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:322 #, no-wrap msgid "proc /proc procfs rw,noauto 0 0\n" msgstr "proc /proc procfs rw,noauto 0 0\n" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:325 msgid "" "Including `noauto` will prevent [.filename]#/proc# from being automatically " "mounted at boot." msgstr "" "Incluir `noauto` impedirá que [.filename]#/proc# se monte de forma " "automática al arrancar." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:327 msgid "To mount the file system without rebooting:" msgstr "Para montar el sistema de archivos sin reiniciar:" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:331 #, no-wrap msgid "# mount /proc\n" msgstr "# mount /proc\n" #. type: Title == #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:334 #, no-wrap msgid "Common Commands" msgstr "Comandos Comunes" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:337 msgid "Some common command equivalents are as follows:" msgstr "Algunos equivalentes de los comandos comunes son los siguientes:" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:342 #, no-wrap msgid "Linux(R) command (Red Hat/Debian)" msgstr "Comando Linux(R) (Red Hat/Debian)" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:343 #, no-wrap msgid "FreeBSD equivalent" msgstr "Equivalente FreeBSD" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:345 #, no-wrap msgid "Purpose" msgstr "Propósito" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:346 #, no-wrap msgid "`yum install _package_` / `apt-get install _package_`" msgstr "`yum install _package_` / `apt-get install _package_`" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:347 #, no-wrap msgid "`pkg install _package_`" msgstr "`pkg install _package_`" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:349 #, no-wrap msgid "Install package from remote repository" msgstr "Instalar un paquete de un repositorio remoto" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:350 #, no-wrap msgid "`rpm -ivh _package_` / `dpkg -i _package_`" msgstr "`rpm -ivh _package_` / `dpkg -i _package_`" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:351 #, no-wrap msgid "`pkg add _package_`" msgstr "`pkg add _package_`" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:353 #, no-wrap msgid "Install local package" msgstr "Instalar un paquete local" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:354 #, no-wrap msgid "`rpm -qa` / `dpkg -l`" msgstr "`rpm -qa` / `dpkg -l`" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:355 #, no-wrap msgid "`pkg info`" msgstr "`pkg info`" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:357 #, no-wrap msgid "List installed packages" msgstr "Listar paquetes instalados" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:358 #, no-wrap msgid "`lspci`" msgstr "`lspci`" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:359 #, no-wrap msgid "`pciconf`" msgstr "`pciconf`" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:361 #, no-wrap msgid "List PCI devices" msgstr "Listar dispositivos PCI" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:362 #, no-wrap msgid "`lsmod`" msgstr "`lsmod`" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:363 #, no-wrap msgid "`kldstat`" msgstr "`kldstat`" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:365 #, no-wrap msgid "List loaded kernel modules" msgstr "Listar módulos del kernel cargados" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:366 #, no-wrap msgid "`modprobe`" msgstr "`modprobe`" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:367 #, no-wrap msgid "`kldload` / `kldunload`" msgstr "`kldload` / `kldunload`" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:369 #, no-wrap msgid "Load/Unload kernel modules" msgstr "Cargar/Descargar módulos del kernel" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:370 #, no-wrap msgid "`strace`" msgstr "`strace`" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:371 #, no-wrap msgid "`truss`" msgstr "`truss`" #. type: Table #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:372 #, no-wrap msgid "Trace system calls" msgstr "Trazar llamadas al sistema" #. type: Title == #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:375 #, no-wrap msgid "Conclusion" msgstr "Conclusión" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/linux-users/_index.adoc:378 msgid "" "This document has provided an overview of FreeBSD. Refer to the extref:" "{handbook}[FreeBSD Handbook] for more in-depth coverage of these topics as " "well as the many topics not covered by this document." msgstr "" "Este documento ha proporcionado un resumen de FreeBSD. Consulta el extref:" "{handbook}[FreeBSD Handbook] para una cobertura más en profundidad sobre " "estos temas así como de muchos de los temas no cubiertos en este documento." #~ msgid "" #~ "include::shared/attributes/attributes-{{% lang %}}.adoc[] include::shared/" #~ "{{% lang %}}/teams.adoc[] include::shared/{{% lang %}}/mailing-lists." #~ "adoc[] include::shared/{{% lang %}}/urls.adoc[]" #~ msgstr "" #~ "include::shared/attributes/attributes-{{% lang %}}.adoc[]\n" #~ "include::shared/{{% lang %}}/teams.adoc[]\n" #~ "include::shared/{{% lang %}}/mailing-lists.adoc[]\n" #~ "include::shared/{{% lang %}}/urls.adoc[]"