Path: blob/main/documentation/content/es/articles/new-users/_index.po
18096 views
# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE # Copyright (C) YEAR The FreeBSD Project # This file is distributed under the same license as the FreeBSD Documentation package. # Fernando Apesteguía <[email protected]>, 2021, 2022. msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: FreeBSD Documentation VERSION\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2022-02-01 09:21-0300\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2022-09-08 21:05+0000\n" "Last-Translator: Fernando Apesteguía <[email protected]>\n" "Language-Team: Spanish <https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/projects/" "documentation/articlesnew-users_index/es/>\n" "Language: es\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" "Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=n != 1;\n" "X-Generator: Weblate 4.10.1\n" #. type: YAML Front Matter: description #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:1 #, no-wrap msgid "Introduction for people new to both FreeBSD and UNIX®" msgstr "Introducción para gente que es nueva tanto en FreeBSD como en UNIX(R)" #. type: YAML Front Matter: title #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:1 #, no-wrap msgid "For People New to Both FreeBSD and UNIX®" msgstr "Para Gente Nueva en FreeBSD y UNIX(R)" #. type: Title = #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:11 #, no-wrap msgid "For People New to Both FreeBSD and UNIX(R)" msgstr "Para Gente Nueva en FreeBSD y UNIX(R)" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:44 msgid "Abstract" msgstr "Resumen" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:46 msgid "" "Congratulations on installing FreeBSD! This introduction is for people new " "to both FreeBSD _and_ UNIX(R)-so it starts with basics." msgstr "" "¡Enhorabuena por instalar FreeBSD! Esta introducción es para gente nueva en " "FreeBSD _y_ en UNIX(R) - así que se comienza con lo básico." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:48 msgid "'''" msgstr "'''" #. type: Title == #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:52 #, no-wrap msgid "Logging in and Getting Out" msgstr "Iniciar sesión y salir" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:58 msgid "" "Log in (when you see `login:`) as a user you created during installation or " "as `root`. (Your FreeBSD installation will already have an account for " "`root`; who can go anywhere and do anything, including deleting essential " "files, so be careful!) The symbols % and # in the following stand for the " "prompt (yours may be different), with % indicating an ordinary user and # " "indicating `root`." msgstr "" "Inicia sesión (cuando ves `login:`) como un usuario que has creado durante " "la instalación o como `root`. (Tu instalación de FreeBSD ya tendrá una " "cuenta para `root`; quien puede ir a cualquier sitio y hacer de todo, " "incluyendo borrar ficheros esenciales, así que ¡ten cuidado!) Los símbolos % " "y # en lo que sigue significan prompt (el tuyo podría ser diferente), con % " "indicando un usuario ordinario y # para indicar `root`." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:60 msgid "To log out (and get a new `login:` prompt) type" msgstr "Para cerrar sesión (y obtener un nuevo prompt `login:`) teclea" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:64 #, no-wrap msgid "# exit\n" msgstr "# exit\n" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:68 msgid "" "as often as necessary. Yes, press kbd:[enter] after commands, and remember " "that UNIX(R) is case-sensitive-``exit``, not `EXIT`." msgstr "" "tantas veces como sea necesario. Sí, presiona kbd:[enter] después de los " "comandos y recuerda que UNIX(R) distingue entre mayúsculas y minúsculas - " "``exit``, no `EXIT`." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:70 msgid "To shut down the machine type" msgstr "Para apagar el ordenador, escribe" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:74 #, no-wrap msgid "# /sbin/shutdown -h now\n" msgstr "# /sbin/shutdown -h now\n" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:77 msgid "Or to reboot type" msgstr "O para reiniciar, escribe" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:81 #, no-wrap msgid "# /sbin/shutdown -r now\n" msgstr "# /sbin/shutdown -r now\n" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:84 msgid "or" msgstr "o" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:88 #, no-wrap msgid "# /sbin/reboot\n" msgstr "# /sbin/reboot\n" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:94 msgid "" "You can also reboot with kbd:[Ctrl+Alt+Delete]. Give it a little time to do " "its work. This is equivalent to `/sbin/reboot` in recent releases of " "FreeBSD and is much, much better than hitting the reset button. You do not " "want to have to reinstall this thing, do you?" msgstr "" "También puedes reiniciar con kbd:[Ctrl+Alt+Delete]. Dale un poco de tiempo " "para que haga su trabajo. Es equivalente a `/sbin/reboot` en versiones " "recientes de FreeBSD y es mucho, mucho mejor que presionar el botón de " "reset. No quieres tener que reinstalar esto ¿verdad?" #. type: Title == #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:96 #, no-wrap msgid "Adding a User with Root Privileges" msgstr "Agregar un Usuario con Privilegios de Root" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:99 msgid "" "If you did not create any users when you installed the system and are thus " "logged in as `root`, you should probably create a user now with" msgstr "" "Si no creaste un usuario cuando instalaste el sistema y por lo tanto has " "iniciado sesión como `root`, probablemente deberías crear uno ahora con" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:103 #, no-wrap msgid "# adduser\n" msgstr "# adduser\n" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:109 msgid "" "The first time you use `adduser`, it might ask for some defaults to save. " "You might want to make the default shell man:csh[1] instead of man:sh[1], if " "it suggests `sh` as the default. Otherwise just press enter to accept each " "default. These defaults are saved in [.filename]#/etc/adduser.conf#, an " "editable file." msgstr "" "La primera vez que usas `adduser`, podría preguntar por algunos valores por " "defecto para guardarlos. Podrías querer hacer que el shell por defecto fuera " "man:csh[1], si sugiere que el valor por defecto es `sh`. De lo contrario, " "simplemente presiona enter para aceptar cada valor por defecto. Estos " "valores por defecto se salvan en [.filename]#/etc/adduser.conf#, un fichero " "que se puede editar." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:113 msgid "" "Suppose you create a user `jack` with full name _Jack Benimble_. Give " "`jack` a password if security (even kids around who might pound on the " "keyboard) is an issue. When it asks you if you want to invite `jack` into " "other groups, type `wheel`" msgstr "" "Imagina que creas un usuario `jack` con nombre completo _Jack Benimble_. " "Asigna a `jack` una contraseña si la seguridad (incluso si son niños cerca " "que podrían acceder al teclado) es un problema. Cuando te pregunte si " "quieres invitar a `jack` a otros grupos, teclea `wheel`" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:117 #, no-wrap msgid "Login group is \"jack\". Invite jack into other groups: wheel\n" msgstr "Login group is \"jack\". Invite jack into other groups: wheel\n" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:121 msgid "" "This will make it possible to log in as `jack` and use the man:su[1] command " "to become `root`. Then you will not get scolded any more for logging in as " "`root`." msgstr "" "Esto hará posible iniciar sesión como `jack` y usar el comando man:su[1] " "para convertirse en `root`. Después ya no serás reprendido nunca más por " "iniciar sesión como `root`." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:124 msgid "" "You can quit `adduser` any time by typing kbd:[Ctrl+C], and at the end you " "will have a chance to approve your new user or simply type kbd:[n] for no. " "You might want to create a second new user so that when you edit `jack`'s " "login files, you will have a hot spare in case something goes wrong." msgstr "" "Puedes salir de `adduser` en cualquier momento tecleando kbd:[Ctrl+C], y al " "final tendrás la oportunidad de aprobar el nuevo usuario o simplemente " "teclear kbd:[n] para no hacerlo. Podrías querer crear un segundo usuario de " "forma que cuando edites los ficheros de inicio de sesión de `jack` tengas un " "repuesto en caso de que algo salga mal." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:127 msgid "" "Once you have done this, use `exit` to get back to a login prompt and log in " "as `jack`. In general, it is a good idea to do as much work as possible as " "an ordinary user who does not have the power-and risk-of `root`." msgstr "" "Una vez hecho esto, utiliza `exit` para volver al prompt de login e inicia " "sesión como `jack`. En general, es una buena idea hacer todo el trabajo que " "sea posible como un usuario ordinario que no tiene el poder - y el riesgo - " "de `root`." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:130 msgid "" "If you already created a user and you want the user to be able to `su` to " "`root`, you can log in as `root` and edit the file [.filename]#/etc/group#, " "adding `jack` to the first line (the group `wheel`). But first you need to " "practice man:vi[1], the text editor-or use the simpler text editor, man:" "ee[1], installed on recent versions of FreeBSD." msgstr "" "Si ya has creado un usuario y quieres que el usuario sea capaz de hacer `su` " "a `root`, puedes iniciar sesión como `root` y editar el fichero [.filename]#/" "etc/group#, añadiendo `jack` a la primera línea (el grupo `wheel`). Pero " "primero necesitas practicar con man:vi[1], el editor de texto - o usa el " "editor de texto man:ee[1], más sencillo y que viene instalado en versiones " "recientes de FreeBSD." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:132 msgid "To delete a user, use `rmuser`." msgstr "Para eliminar un usuario, utiliza `rmuser`." #. type: Title == #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:134 #, no-wrap msgid "Looking Around" msgstr "Echando un vistazo" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:137 msgid "" "Logged in as an ordinary user, look around and try out some commands that " "will access the sources of help and information within FreeBSD." msgstr "" "Inicie sesión como un usuario normal, eche un vistazo y pruebe algunos " "comandos que accederán a las fuentes de ayuda e información de FreeBSD." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:139 msgid "Here are some commands and what they do:" msgstr "Aquí se describen algunos comandos y lo que hacen:" #. type: Labeled list #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:140 #, no-wrap msgid "`id`" msgstr "`id`" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:142 msgid "Tells you who you are!" msgstr "¡Te dice quién eres!" #. type: Labeled list #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:143 #, no-wrap msgid "`pwd`" msgstr "`pwd`" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:145 msgid "Shows you where you are-the current working directory." msgstr "Te muestra dónde estás—el directorio de trabajo actual." #. type: Labeled list #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:146 #, no-wrap msgid "`ls`" msgstr "`ls`" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:148 msgid "Lists the files in the current directory." msgstr "Lista los archivos en el directorio actual." #. type: Labeled list #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:149 #, no-wrap msgid "`ls -F`" msgstr "`ls -F`" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:151 msgid "" "Lists the files in the current directory with a * after executables, a `/` " "after directories, and an `@` after symbolic links." msgstr "" "Lista los ficheros en el directorio actual con un * después de los ficheros " "ejecutables, un `/` después de los directorios, y una `@` después de los " "enlaces simbólicos." #. type: Labeled list #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:152 #, no-wrap msgid "`ls -l`" msgstr "`ls -l`" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:154 msgid "Lists the files in long format-size, date, permissions." msgstr "Muestra los archivos en formato largo: tamaño, fecha, permisos." #. type: Labeled list #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:155 #, no-wrap msgid "`ls -a`" msgstr "`ls -a`" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:158 msgid "" "Lists hidden \"dot\" files with the others. If you are `root`, the \"dot\" " "files show up without the `-a` switch." msgstr "" "Lista ficheros ocultos \"dot\" junto a los demás. Si eres `root`, los " "ficheros \"dot\" se muestran sin necesidad de usar la opción `-a`." #. type: Labeled list #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:159 #, no-wrap msgid "`cd`" msgstr "`cd`" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:163 msgid "" "Changes directories. `cd ..` backs up one level; note the space after `cd`. " "`cd /usr/local` goes there. `cd ~` goes to the home directory of the person " "logged in-e.g., [.filename]#/usr/home/jack#. Try `cd /cdrom`, and then " "`ls`, to find out if your CDROM is mounted and working." msgstr "" "Cambia directorios. `cd ..` vuelve hacia atrás un nivel; fíjate en el " "espacio después de `cd`. `cd /usr/local` va a ese directorio. `cd ~` va al " "directorio home del usuario que ha iniciado sesión, por ejemplo, [." "filename]#/usr/home/jack#. Prueba `cd /cdrom`, y luego `ls`, para ver si tu " "CDROM está montado y funcionando." #. type: Labeled list #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:164 #, no-wrap msgid "`less _filename_`" msgstr "`less _filename_`" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:168 msgid "" "Lets you look at a file (named _filename_) without changing it. Try `less /" "etc/fstab`. Type `q` to quit." msgstr "" "Te permite ver el fichero (llamado _filename_) sin cambiarlo. Prueba `less /" "etc/fstab`. Teclea `q` para salir." #. type: Labeled list #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:169 #, no-wrap msgid "`cat _filename_`" msgstr "`cat _filename_`" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:174 msgid "" "Displays _filename_ on screen. If it is too long and you can see only the " "end of it, press kbd:[ScrollLock] and use the kbd:[up-arrow] to move " "backward; you can use kbd:[ScrollLock] with manual pages too. Press kbd:" "[ScrollLock] again to quit scrolling. You might want to try `cat` on some " "of the dot files in your home directory-`cat .cshrc`, `cat .login`, `cat ." "profile`." msgstr "" "Muestra _filename_ por pantalla. Si es muy largo y sólo puedes ver la última " "parte, presiona kbd:[ScrollLock] y utiliza kbd:[up-arrow] para moverte hacia " "atrás; puedes usar kbd:[ScrollLock] también con páginas del manual. Presiona " "kbd:[ScrollLock] de nuevo para salir. Podrías querer probar `cat` en algunos " "de los ficheros dot en tu directorio home-`cat .cshrc`, `cat .login`, `cat ." "profile`." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:178 msgid "" "You will notice aliases in [.filename]#.cshrc# for some of the `ls` commands " "(they are very convenient). You can create other aliases by editing [." "filename]#.cshrc#. You can make these aliases available to all users on the " "system by putting them in the system-wide `csh` configuration file, [." "filename]#/etc/csh.cshrc#." msgstr "" "Notarás que hay alias en [.filename]#.cshrc# para algunos de los comandos " "`ls` (son muy útiles). Puedes crear otros alias editando [.filename]#.cshrc#" ". Puedes poner estos alias disponibles para todos los usuarios del sistema " "poniéndolos en el fichero de configuración de `csh` a nivel de sistema, en [." "filename]#/etc/csh.cshrc#." #. type: Title == #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:180 #, no-wrap msgid "Getting Help and Information" msgstr "Obteniendo ayuda e información" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:184 msgid "" "Here are some useful sources of help. _Text_ stands for something of your " "choice that you type in-usually a command or filename." msgstr "" "Aquí hay algunas fuentes de ayuda. _Text_ significa algo que escojas tú y " "que teclees-normalmente un comando o un nombre de fichero." #. type: Labeled list #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:185 #, no-wrap msgid "`apropos _text_`" msgstr "`apropos _text_`" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:187 msgid "Everything containing string _text_ in the `whatis database`." msgstr "Todo lo que contenta la cadena _text_ en la `base de datos whatis`." #. type: Labeled list #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:188 #, no-wrap msgid "`man _text_`" msgstr "`man _text_`" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:193 msgid "" "The manual page for _text_. The major source of documentation for UNIX(R) " "systems. `man ls` will tell you all the ways to use `ls`. Press kbd:" "[Enter] to move through text, kbd:[Ctrl+B] to go back a page, kbd:[Ctrl+F] " "to go forward, kbd:[q] or kbd:[Ctrl+C] to quit." msgstr "" "La página del manual para _text_. La mayor fuente de documentación de los " "sistemas UNIX(R). `man ls` te dirá de qué forma se puede usar `ls`. Presiona " "kbd:[Enter] para moverte por el texto, kbd:[Ctrl+B] para volver atrás una " "página, kbd:[Ctrl+F] para avanzar, kbd:[q] o kbd:[Ctrl+C] para salir." #. type: Labeled list #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:194 #, no-wrap msgid "`which _text_`" msgstr "`which _text_`" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:196 msgid "Tells you where in the user's path the command _text_ is found." msgstr "Te dice dónde se encuentra el comando _text_ en el path del usuario." #. type: Labeled list #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:197 #, no-wrap msgid "`locate _text_`" msgstr "`locate _text_`" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:199 msgid "All the paths where the string _text_ is found." msgstr "Todas las rutas donde se encuentra la cadena _text_." #. type: Labeled list #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:200 #, no-wrap msgid "`whatis _text_`" msgstr "`whatis _text_`" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:203 msgid "" "Tells you what the command _text_ does and its manual page. Typing `whatis " "*` will tell you about all the binaries in the current directory." msgstr "" "Te dice lo que hace el comando _text_ y cuál es su página de manual. Teclear " "`whatis *` te dará información acerca de todos los binarios en el directorio " "actual." #. type: Labeled list #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:204 #, no-wrap msgid "`whereis _text_`" msgstr "`whereis _text_`" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:206 msgid "Finds the file _text_, giving its full path." msgstr "Encuentra el fichero _text_, devolviendo su ruta completa." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:210 msgid "" "You might want to try using `whatis` on some common useful commands like " "`cat`, `more`, `grep`, `mv`, `find`, `tar`, `chmod`, `chown`, `date`, and " "`script`. `more` lets you read a page at a time as it does in DOS, e.g., " "`ls -l | more` or `more _filename_`. The * works as a wildcard-e.g., `ls " "w*` will show you files beginning with `w`." msgstr "" "Podrías querer probar a usar `whatis` en algunos comandos útiles y comunes " "como `cat`, `more`, `grep`, `mv`, `find`, `tar`, `chmod`, `chown`, `date`, " "and `script`. `more` te permite leer una página cada vez como hace en DOS, " "por ejemplo, `ls -l | more` o `more _filename_`. El * funciona como un " "wildcard, por ejemplo, `ls w*` mostrará todos los ficheros que empiezan por " "`w`." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:214 msgid "" "Are some of these not working very well? Both man:locate[1] and man:" "whatis[1] depend on a database that is rebuilt weekly. If your machine is " "not going to be left on over the weekend (and running FreeBSD), you might " "want to run the commands for daily, weekly, and monthly maintenance now and " "then. Run them as `root` and, for now, give each one time to finish before " "you start the next one." msgstr "" "¿Algunos de estos no funcionan muy bien? Tanto man:locate[1] como " "man:whatis[1] dependen de una base de datos que se reconstruye semanalmente. " "Si tu máquina no va a estar encendida durante el fin de semana (y ejecutando " "FreeBSD), podrías querer ejecutar estos comandos de mantenimiento " "diariamente, semanalmente, y mensualmente de vez en cuando. Ejecútalos como " "`root` y, de momento, dale tiempo a que termine cada uno antes de empezar " "con el siguiente." #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:223 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# periodic daily\n" "output omitted\n" "# periodic weekly\n" "output omitted\n" "# periodic monthly\n" "output omitted\n" msgstr "" "# periodic daily\n" "output omitted\n" "# periodic weekly\n" "output omitted\n" "# periodic monthly\n" "output omitted\n" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:229 msgid "" "If you get tired of waiting, press kbd:[Alt+F2] to get another _virtual " "console_, and log in again. After all, it is a multi-user, multi-tasking " "system. Nevertheless these commands will probably flash messages on your " "screen while they are running; you can type `clear` at the prompt to clear " "the screen. Once they have run, you might want to look at [.filename]#/var/" "mail/root# and [.filename]#/var/log/messages#." msgstr "" "Si te cansas de esperar, presiona kbd:[Alt+F2] para ir a otra _consola " "virtual_ e iniciar sesión de nuevo. Después de todo, es un sistema " "multiusuario y multitarea. De todas formas estos comandos probablemente " "mostrarán mensajes en la pantalla mientas se ejecutan; puedes teclear `clear`" " en el prompt para limpiar la pantalla. Una vez que han terminado, podrías " "mirar en [.filename]#/var/mail/root# y [.filename]#/var/log/messages#." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:235 msgid "" "Running such commands is part of system administration-and as a single user " "of a UNIX(R) system, you are your own system administrator. Virtually " "everything you need to be `root` to do is system administration. Such " "responsibilities are not covered very well even in those big fat books on " "UNIX(R), which seem to devote a lot of space to pulling down menus in " "windows managers. You might want to get one of the two leading books on " "systems administration, either Evi Nemeth et.al.'s UNIX System " "Administration Handbook (Prentice-Hall, 1995, ISBN 0-13-15051-7)-the second " "edition with the red cover; or Æleen Frisch's Essential System " "Administration (O'Reilly & Associates, 2002, ISBN 0-596-00343-9). I used " "Nemeth." msgstr "" "Ejecutar dichos comandos es parte de la administración del sistema-y como " "único usuario de un sistema UNIX(R), tú eres el único administrador. " "Virtualmente todo lo que necesitas hacer como `root` es administración del " "sistema. Estas responsabilidades no están bien cubiertas incluso en esos " "libros gordos de UNIX(R), que parecen dedicar mucho espacio a desplegar " "menús en gestores de ventanas. Podrías querer obtener uno de los dos libros " "líderes en administración de sistemas, bien Evi Nemeth et.al.'s UNIX System " "Administration Handbook (Prentice-Hall, 1995, ISBN 0-13-15051-7)-la segunda " "edición con la cubierta roja; o Æleen Frisch's Essential System " "Administration (O'Reilly & Associates, 2002, ISBN 0-596-00343-9). Yo uso " "Nemeth." #. type: Title == #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:237 #, no-wrap msgid "Editing Text" msgstr "Editando texto" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:243 msgid "" "To configure your system, you need to edit text files. Most of them will be " "in the [.filename]#/etc# directory; and you will need to `su` to `root` to " "be able to change them. You can use the easy `ee`, but in the long run the " "text editor `vi` is worth learning. There is an excellent tutorial on vi in " "[.filename]#/usr/src/contrib/nvi/docs/tutorial#, if you have the system " "sources installed." msgstr "" "Para configurar tu sistema, necesitas editar ficheros de texto. La mayoría " "de ellos estarán en el directorio [.filename]#/etc#; y necesitarás hacer `su`" " a `root` para poder cambiarlos. Puedes usar el sencillo `ee`, pero a la " "larga merece la pena aprender `vi`. Hay un tutorial excelente de vi en [." "filename]#/usr/src/contrib/nvi/docs/tutorial#, si tienes instaladas los " "fuentes del sistema." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:247 msgid "" "Before you edit a file, you should probably back it up. Suppose you want to " "edit [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#. You could just use `cd /etc` to get to the " "[.filename]#/etc# directory and do:" msgstr "" "Antes de editar un fichero, probablemente deberías hacer una copia de " "seguridad. Imagina que quieres editar [.filename]#/etc/rc.conf#. podrías " "utilizar `cd /etc` para ir al directorio [.filename]#/etc# y hacer:" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:251 #, no-wrap msgid "# cp rc.conf rc.conf.orig\n" msgstr "# cp rc.conf rc.conf.orig\n" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:255 msgid "" "This would copy [.filename]#rc.conf# to [.filename]#rc.conf.orig#, and you " "could later copy [.filename]#rc.conf.orig# to [.filename]#rc.conf# to " "recover the original. But even better would be moving (renaming) and then " "copying back:" msgstr "" "Esto copiaría [.filename]#rc.conf# a [.filename]#rc.conf.orig#, y después " "copiarías [.filename]#rc.conf.orig# a [.filename]#rc.conf# para recuperar el " "original. Pero sería incluso mejor mover (renombrar) y luego copiarlo de " "vuelta:" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:260 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# mv rc.conf rc.conf.orig\n" "# cp rc.conf.orig rc.conf\n" msgstr "" "# mv rc.conf rc.conf.orig\n" "# cp rc.conf.orig rc.conf\n" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:265 msgid "" "because `mv` preserves the original date and owner of the file. You can now " "edit [.filename]#rc.conf#. If you want the original back, you would then " "`mv rc.conf rc.conf.myedit` (assuming you want to preserve your edited " "version) and then" msgstr "" "porque `mv` conserva la fecha y propietario originales del fichero. Ahora ya " "puedes editar [.filename]#rc.conf#. Si quieres recuperar el original, harías " "`mv rc.conf rc.conf.myedit` (asumiendo que quieres mantener la versión " "editada) y luego" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:269 #, no-wrap msgid "# mv rc.conf.orig rc.conf\n" msgstr "# mv rc.conf.orig rc.conf\n" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:272 msgid "to put things back the way they were." msgstr "para dejar las cosas como estaban." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:274 msgid "To edit a file, type" msgstr "Para editar un fichero, escribe" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:278 #, no-wrap msgid "# vi filename\n" msgstr "# vi filename\n" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:283 msgid "" "Move through the text with the arrow keys. kbd:[Esc] (the escape key) puts " "`vi` in command mode. Here are some commands:" msgstr "" "Muévete por el texto con las teclas de dirección. kbd:[Esc] (la tecla de " "escape) pone a `vi` en modo comando. Aquí hay algunos comandos:" #. type: Labeled list #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:284 #, no-wrap msgid "`x`" msgstr "`x`" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:286 msgid "delete letter the cursor is on" msgstr "borra la letra que se encuentre en la posición del cursor" #. type: Labeled list #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:287 #, no-wrap msgid "`dd`" msgstr "`dd`" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:289 msgid "delete the entire line (even if it wraps on the screen)" msgstr "" "elimina la línea entera (incluso si no aparece por completo en la pantalla)" #. type: Labeled list #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:290 #, no-wrap msgid "`i`" msgstr "`i`" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:292 msgid "insert text at the cursor" msgstr "inserta texto en la posición del cursor" #. type: Labeled list #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:293 #, no-wrap msgid "`a`" msgstr "`a`" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:295 msgid "insert text after the cursor" msgstr "inserta texto después del cursor" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:298 msgid "" "Once you type `i` or `a`, you can enter text. `Esc` puts you back in " "command mode where you can type" msgstr "" "Una vez que tecleas `i` o `a`, ya puedes introducir texto. `Esc` te lleva de " "vuelta all modo comando donde puedes teclear" #. type: Labeled list #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:299 #, no-wrap msgid "`:w`" msgstr "`:w`" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:301 msgid "to write your changes to disk and continue editing" msgstr "para guardar los cambios en el disco y continuar con la edición" #. type: Labeled list #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:302 #, no-wrap msgid "`:wq`" msgstr "`:wq`" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:304 msgid "to write and quit" msgstr "para grabar y salir" #. type: Labeled list #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:305 #, no-wrap msgid "`:q!`" msgstr "`:q!`" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:307 msgid "to quit without saving changes" msgstr "para salir sin grabar los cambios" #. type: Labeled list #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:308 #, no-wrap msgid "`/_text_`" msgstr "`/_text_`" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:310 msgid "" "to move the cursor to _text_; `/` kbd:[Enter] (the enter key) to find the " "next instance of _text_." msgstr "" "para mover el cursor a _text_; `/` kbd:[Enter] (la tecla enter) para " "encontrar la siguiente instancia de _text_." #. type: Labeled list #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:311 #, no-wrap msgid "`G`" msgstr "`G`" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:313 msgid "to go to the end of the file" msgstr "para ir al final del archivo" #. type: Labeled list #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:314 #, no-wrap msgid "`nG`" msgstr "`nG`" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:316 msgid "to go to line _n_ in the file, where _n_ is a number" msgstr "para ir a la línea _n_ en el fichero, donde _n_ es un número" #. type: Labeled list #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:317 #, no-wrap msgid "kbd:[Ctrl+L]" msgstr "kbd:[Ctrl+L]" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:319 msgid "to redraw the screen" msgstr "para recargar la pantalla" #. type: Labeled list #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:320 #, no-wrap msgid "kbd:[Ctrl+b] and kbd:[Ctrl+f]" msgstr "kbd:[Ctrl+b] y kbd:[Ctrl+f]" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:322 msgid "go back and forward a screen, as they do with `more` and `view`." msgstr "" "ir hacia atrás y hacia adelante una pantalla, como se hace con `more` y " "`view`." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:327 msgid "" "Practice with `vi` in your home directory by creating a new file with `vi " "_filename_` and adding and deleting text, saving the file, and calling it up " "again. `vi` delivers some surprises because it is really quite complex, and " "sometimes you will inadvertently issue a command that will do something you " "do not expect. (Some people actually like `vi`-it is more powerful than DOS " "EDIT-find out about `:r`.) Use kbd:[Esc] one or more times to be sure you " "are in command mode and proceed from there when it gives you trouble, save " "often with `:w`, and use `:q!` to get out and start over (from your last `:" "w`) when you need to." msgstr "" "Practica con `vi` en tu directorio home creando un nuevo fichero con `vi " "_filename_` y añadiendo y borrando texto, guardando el fichero y abriéndolo " "de nuevo. `vi` es una caja de sorpresas porque es en realidad bastante " "complicado y a veces ejecutas un comando sin querer que hará algo que no " "esperas. (A algunas personas en realidad les gusta `vi` - es más potente que " "EDIT en DOS- investiga sobre `:r`). Usa kbd:[Esc] una o más veces para " "asegurarte de que estás en modo comando y continúa a partir de ahí cuando " "tengas problemas, guarda frecuentemente con `:w` y usa `:q!` para salir y " "empezar de nuevo (desde tu último `:w`) cuando lo necesites." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:331 msgid "" "Now you can `cd` to [.filename]#/etc#, `su` to `root`, use `vi` to edit the " "file [.filename]#/etc/group#, and add a user to `wheel` so the user has root " "privileges. Just add a comma and the user's login name to the end of the " "first line in the file, press kbd:[Esc], and use `:wq` to write the file to " "disk and quit. Instantly effective. (You did not put a space after the " "comma, did you?)" msgstr "" "Ahora ya puedes usar `cd` para moverte a [.filename]#/etc#, hacer `su` a " "`root`, usar `vi` para editar el fichero [.filename]#/etc/group# y añadir un " "usuario al grupo `wheel` de forma que tenga privilegios de root. Simplemente " "añade una coma y el nombre del usuario al final de la primera línea del " "fichero, presiona kbd:[Esc] y usa `:wq` para escribir el fichero en disco y " "salir. Efectivo al instante. (No pusiste un espacio después de la coma, " "¿verdad?)" #. type: Title == #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:333 #, no-wrap msgid "Other Useful Commands" msgstr "Otros comandos útiles" #. type: Labeled list #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:335 #, no-wrap msgid "`df`" msgstr "`df`" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:337 msgid "shows file space and mounted systems." msgstr "muestra el espacio en disco y los sistemas de archivos montados." #. type: Labeled list #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:338 #, no-wrap msgid "`ps aux`" msgstr "`ps aux`" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:340 msgid "shows processes running. `ps ax` is a narrower form." msgstr "muestra procesos en ejecución. `ps ax` es una forma más compacta." #. type: Labeled list #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:341 #, no-wrap msgid "`rm _filename_`" msgstr "`rm _filename_`" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:343 msgid "remove _filename_." msgstr "elimina _filename_." #. type: Labeled list #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:344 #, no-wrap msgid "`rm -R _dir_`" msgstr "`rm -R _dir_`" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:346 msgid "removes a directory _dir_ and all subdirectories-careful!" msgstr "elimina el directorio _dir_ y todos sus subdirectorios-¡cuidado!" #. type: Labeled list #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:347 #, no-wrap msgid "`ls -R`" msgstr "`ls -R`" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:349 msgid "" "lists files in the current directory and all subdirectories; I used a " "variant, `ls -AFR > where.txt`, to get a list of all the files in [." "filename]#/# and (separately) [.filename]#/usr# before I found better ways " "to find files." msgstr "" "lista ficheros en el directorio actual y todos los subdirectorios; He usado " "una variante, `ls -AFR > where.txt` para obtener una lista de todos los " "ficheros en [.filename]#/# y (separadamente) [.filename]#/usr# antes de que " "aprendiera mejores formas de encontrar ficheros." #. type: Labeled list #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:350 #, no-wrap msgid "`passwd`" msgstr "`passwd`" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:352 msgid "to change user's password (or ``root``'s password)" msgstr "para cambiar la contraseña del usuario (o la contraseña de ``root``)" #. type: Labeled list #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:353 #, no-wrap msgid "`man hier`" msgstr "`man hier`" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:355 msgid "manual page on the UNIX(R) filesystem" msgstr "página del manual sobre el sistema de ficheros UNIX(R)" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:357 msgid "" "Use `find` to locate [.filename]#filename# in [.filename]#/usr# or any of " "its subdirectories with" msgstr "" "Usa `find` para localizar [.filename]#filename# en [.filename]#/usr# o " "cualquiera de sus subdirectorios con" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:361 #, no-wrap msgid "% find /usr -name \"filename\"\n" msgstr "% find /usr -name \"filename\"\n" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:365 msgid "" "You can use * as a wildcard in `\"_filename_\"` (which should be in " "quotes). If you tell `find` to search in [.filename]#/# instead of [." "filename]#/usr# it will look for the file(s) on all mounted filesystems, " "including the CDROM and the DOS partition." msgstr "" "Puedes usar * como un comodín en `\"_filename_\"` (que debería ir entre " "comillas). Si le pides a `find` buscar en [.filename]#/# en lugar de [." "filename]#/usr# buscará los ficheros en todos los sistemas de ficheros " "montados, incluidos el CDROM y la partición DOS." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:367 msgid "" "An excellent book that explains UNIX(R) commands and utilities is Abrahams & " "Larson, Unix for the Impatient (2nd ed., Addison-Wesley, 1996). There is " "also a lot of UNIX(R) information on the Internet." msgstr "" "Un libro excelente que explica comandos UNIX(R) y utilidades es Abrahams & " "Larson, Unix for the Impatient (2nd ed., Addison-Wesley, 1996). También hay " "mucha información sobre UNIX(R) en Internet." #. type: Title == #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:369 #, no-wrap msgid "Next Steps" msgstr "Próximos pasos" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:376 msgid "" "You should now have the tools you need to get around and edit files, so you " "can get everything up and running. There is a great deal of information in " "the FreeBSD handbook (which is probably on your hard drive) and link:https://" "www.FreeBSD.org/[FreeBSD's web site]. A wide variety of packages and ports " "are on the CDROM as well as the web site. The handbook tells you more about " "how to use them (get the package if it exists, with `pkg add _packagename_`, " "where _packagename_ is the filename of the package). The CDROM has lists of " "the packages and ports with brief descriptions in [.filename]#cdrom/packages/" "index#, [.filename]#cdrom/packages/index.txt#, and [.filename]#cdrom/ports/" "index#, with fuller descriptions in [.filename]#/cdrom/ports/\\*/*/pkg/" "DESCR#, where the *s represent subdirectories of kinds of programs and " "program names respectively." msgstr "" "Ahora ya deberías tener las herramientas que necesitas para moverte y editar " "ficheros de forma que puedas poner todo en funcionamiento. Hay mucha " "información en el FreeBSD handbook (que está probablemente en tu disco duro) " "y en link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/[El sitio web de FreeBSD]. Hay una gran " "variedad de paquetes y ports en el CDROM así como en el sitio web. El " "handbook te dice más sobre cómo usarlos (obtener el paquete si existe, con `" "pkg add _packagename_` donde _packagename_ es el nombre del paquete). El " "CDROM tiene listas de paquetes y ports con breves descripciones en [." "filename]#cdrom/packages/index#, [.filename]#cdrom/packages/index.txt#, y [." "filename]#cdrom/ports/index#, con descripcones completas en [.filename]#/" "cdrom/ports/\\*/*/pkg/DESCR#, donde * representa subdirectorios de tipos de " "programas y nombres de programas respectivamente." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:378 msgid "" "If you find the handbook too sophisticated (what with `lndir` and all) on " "installing ports from the CDROM, here is what usually works:" msgstr "" "Si encuentras el manual demasiado sofisticado (con el comando `lndir` y el " "resto) acerca de instalar los ports desde el CDROM, esto es lo que " "normalmente funciona:" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:381 msgid "" "Find the port you want, say `kermit`. There will be a directory for it on " "the CDROM. Copy the subdirectory to [.filename]#/usr/local# (a good place " "for software you add that should be available to all users) with:" msgstr "" "Localiza el port que deseas, por ejemplo, `kermit`. Habrá un directorio para " "él en el CDROM. Copia el subdirectorio a [.filename]#/usr/local# (un buen " "lugar para el software que instales y que debería estar disponible para " "todos los usuarios) con:" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:385 #, no-wrap msgid "# cp -R /cdrom/ports/comm/kermit /usr/local\n" msgstr "# cp -R /cdrom/ports/comm/kermit /usr/local\n" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:388 msgid "" "This should result in a [.filename]#/usr/local/kermit# subdirectory that has " "all the files that the `kermit` subdirectory on the CDROM has." msgstr "" "Esto debería resultar en un subdirectorio [.filename]#/usr/local/kermit# que " "tiene todos los ficheros que están en el subdirectorio `kermit` del CDROM." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:393 msgid "" "Next, create the directory [.filename]#/usr/ports/distfiles# if it does not " "already exist using `mkdir`. Now check [.filename]#/cdrom/ports/distfiles# " "for a file with a name that indicates it is the port you want. Copy that " "file to [.filename]#/usr/ports/distfiles#; in recent versions you can skip " "this step, as FreeBSD will do it for you. In the case of `kermit`, there is " "no distfile." msgstr "" "A continuación, si aún no existe, crea el directorio [.filename]#/usr/ports/" "distfiles# usando el comando `mkdir`. Ahora busca en el directorio [." "filename]#/cdrom/ports/distfiles# un archivo que tenga el nombre del port " "que quieres. Copia ese archivo a [.filename]#/usr/ports/distfiles#; en las " "versiones más recientes, puedes omitir este paso, FreeBSD lo hará por ti. En " "el caso de `kermit`, no existe el distfile." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:396 msgid "" "Then `cd` to the subdirectory of [.filename]#/usr/local/kermit# that has the " "file [.filename]#Makefile#. Type" msgstr "" "Después usa `cd` para ir al subdirectorio [.filename]#/usr/local/kermit# " "que tiene el fichero [.filename]#Makefile#. Teclea" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:400 #, no-wrap msgid "# make all install\n" msgstr "# make all install\n" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:406 msgid "" "During this process the port will FTP to get any compressed files it needs " "that it did not find on the CDROM or in [.filename]#/usr/ports/distfiles#. " "If you do not have your network running yet and there was no file for the " "port in [.filename]#/cdrom/ports/distfiles#, you will have to get the " "distfile using another machine and copy it to [.filename]#/usr/ports/" "distfiles#. Read [.filename]#Makefile# (with `cat` or `more` or `view`) to " "find out where to go (the master distribution site) to get the file and what " "its name is. (Use binary file transfers!) Then go back to [.filename]#/usr/" "local/kermit#, find the directory with [.filename]#Makefile#, and type `make " "all install`." msgstr "" "Durante este proceso el port se conectará por FTP para obtener cualquier " "fichero comprimido que necesite y que no encontró en el CDROM o en [." "filename]#/usr/ports/distfiles#. Si no tienes la red funcionando todavía y " "no había fichero para el port en [.filename]#/cdrom/ports/distfiles#, " "tendrás que obtener el distfile utilizando otra máquina y copiarlo a [." "filename]#/usr/ports/distfiles#. Lee [.filename]#Makefile# (con `cat` o " "`more` o `view`) para averiguar dónde ir (el sitio maestro) para obtener el " "fichero y saber cuál es su nombre. (¡Utiliza transferencias binarias!) " "Después vuelve a [.filename]#/usr/local/kermit#, encuentra el directorio que " "contiene el fichero [.filename]#Makefile#, y teclea `make all install`." #. type: Title == #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:408 #, no-wrap msgid "Your Working Environment" msgstr "Tu entorno de trabajo" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:413 msgid "" "Your shell is the most important part of your working environment. The " "shell is what interprets the commands you type on the command line, and thus " "communicates with the rest of the operating system. You can also write " "shell scripts a series of commands to be run without intervention." msgstr "" "Tu shell es la parte más importante de tu entorno de trabajo. Ese shell " "interpreta los comandos que escribes en la línea de comandos y, por lo " "tanto, se comunica con el resto del sistema operativo. También puedes " "escribir shell scripts, que consisten en una serie de comandos que se " "ejecutarán sin intervención." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:417 msgid "" "Two shells come installed with FreeBSD: `csh` and `sh`. `csh` is good for " "command-line work, but scripts should be written with `sh` (or `bash`). You " "can find out what shell you have by typing `echo $SHELL`." msgstr "" "Con FreeBSD vienen dos shells instalados: `csh` y `sh`. `csh` es bueno para " "trabajar en línea de comando, pero los scripts deberían escribirse en `sh` (" "o `bash`). Puedes averiguar qué shell tienes tecleando `echo $SHELL`." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:423 msgid "" "The `csh` shell is okay, but `tcsh` does everything `csh` does and more. It " "allows you to recall commands with the arrow keys and edit them. It has tab-" "key completion of filenames (`csh` uses kbd:[Esc]), and it lets you switch " "to the directory you were last in with `cd -`. It is also much easier to " "alter your prompt with `tcsh`. It makes life a lot easier." msgstr "" "El shell `csh` está bien, pero `tcsh` hace todo lo de `csh` y más. Te " "permite recordar comandos con las flechas de dirección y editarlos. Tiene " "auto completado de ficheros con el tabulador (`csh` utiliza kbd:[Esc]), y te " "permite cambiar al último directorio en el que estuviste con `cd -`. El " "prompt también es mucho más fácil de cambiar en `tcsh`. Hace la vida mucho " "más fácil." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:425 msgid "Here are the three steps for installing a new shell:" msgstr "Aquí tiene los 3 pasos necesarios para instalar una nueva shell:" #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:429 msgid "" "Install the shell as a port or a package, just as you would any other port " "or package." msgstr "" "Instala el shell como un port o paquete, tal como harías con cualquier otro " "port o paquete." #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:430 msgid "" "Use `chsh` to change your shell to `tcsh` permanently, or type `tcsh` at the " "prompt to change your shell without logging in again." msgstr "" "Utiliza `chsh` para cambiar tu shell a `tcsh` permanentemente, o teclea " "`tcsh` en el prompt para cambiar tu shell sin iniciar una nueva sesión." #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:438 msgid "" "It can be dangerous to change `root`'s shell to something other than `sh` or " "`csh` on early versions of FreeBSD and many other versions of UNIX(R); you " "may not have a working shell when the system puts you into single user " "mode. The solution is to use `su -m` to become `root`, which will give you " "the `tcsh` as `root`, because the shell is part of the environment. You can " "make this permanent by adding it to your [.filename]#.tcshrc# as an alias " "with:" msgstr "" "Puede ser peligroso cambiar el shell de `root` a algo que no sea `sh` o `csh`" " en versiones antiguas de FreeBSD y muchas otras versiones de UNIX(R); " "podrías no tener un shell que funcione cuando el sistema te pone en modo " "usuario único. El solución es usar `su -m` para convertirse en `root`, lo " "que te dará un `tcsh` como `root` porque el shell es parte del entorno. " "Puedes hacer que esto sea permanente añadiéndolo un alias a tu [.filename]#." "tcshrc# con:" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:442 #, no-wrap msgid "alias su su -m\n" msgstr "alias su su -m\n" #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:449 msgid "" "When `tcsh` starts up, it will read the [.filename]#/etc/csh.cshrc# and [." "filename]#/etc/csh.login# files, as does `csh`. It will also read [." "filename]#.login# in your home directory and [.filename]#.cshrc# as well, " "unless you provide a [.filename]#.tcshrc#. This you can do by simply " "copying [.filename]#.cshrc# to [.filename]#.tcshrc#." msgstr "" "Cuando `tcsh` se inicia, leerá los ficheros [.filename]#/etc/csh.cshrc# y [." "filename]#/etc/csh.login#, como hace `csh`. También leerá [.filename]#.login#" " en tu directorio home así como [.filename]#.cshrc# a menos que proporciones " "un [.filename]#.tcshrc#. Esto lo puedes hacer simplemente copiando [." "filename]#.cshrc# a [.filename]#.tcshrc#." #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:453 msgid "" "Now that you have installed `tcsh`, you can adjust your prompt. You can " "find the details in the manual page for `tcsh`, but here is a line to put in " "your [.filename]#.tcshrc# that will tell you how many commands you have " "typed, what time it is, and what directory you are in. It also produces a " "`>` if you are an ordinary user and a # if you are `root`, but tsch will do " "that in any case:" msgstr "" "Ahora que tienes instalado `tcsh` puedes ajustar tu prompt. Puedes encontrar " "los detalles en la página de manual de `tcsh`, pero aquí tienes una línea " "para poner en tu [.filename]#.tcshrc# que te dirá cuántos comandos has " "tecleado, qué hora es, y en qué directorio estás. También utiliza un `>` si " "eres un usuario ordinario y un `#` si eres `root`, pero tcsh lo hará de " "todos modos:" #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:455 msgid "set prompt = \"%h %t %~ %# \"" msgstr "set prompt = \"%h %t %~ %# \"" #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:460 msgid "" "This should go in the same place as the existing set prompt line if there is " "one, or under \"if($?prompt) then\" if not. Comment out the old line; you " "can always switch back to it if you prefer it. Do not forget the spaces and " "quotes. You can get the [.filename]#.tcshrc# reread by typing `source ." "tcshrc`." msgstr "" "Debería de ir en el mismo lugar que la línea del prompt actual, si " "existiera, o debajo de \"if($?prompt) then\" si no existiera. Comenta la " "línea antigua; siempre podrá volver a usar el método antiguo si lo " "prefieres. No olvides los espacios y las comillas. Puedes forzar la " "relectura del archivo [.filename]#.tcshrc# escribiendo `source .tcshrc`." #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:464 msgid "" "You can get a listing of other environmental variables that have been set by " "typing `env` at the prompt. The result will show you your default editor, " "pager, and terminal type, among possibly many others. A useful command if " "you log in from a remote location and cannot run a program because the " "terminal is not capable is `setenv TERM vt100`." msgstr "" "Puedes obtener un listado de las otras variables de entorno que han sido " "configuradas ejecutando `env` en el prompt. El resultado mostrará tu editor " "predeterminado, paginador y tipo de terminal, entre muchas otras. Un comando " "útil si inicias sesión desde una ubicación remota y no puedes ejecutar un " "programa porque el terminal no es capaz de hacerlo es `setenv TERM vt100`." #. type: Title == #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:466 #, no-wrap msgid "Other" msgstr "Otros" #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:470 msgid "" "As `root`, you can unmount the CDROM with `/sbin/umount /cdrom`, take it out " "of the drive, insert another one, and mount it with `/sbin/mount_cd9660 /dev/" "cd0a /cdrom` assuming cd0a is the device name for your CDROM drive. The " "most recent versions of FreeBSD let you mount the CDROM with just `/sbin/" "mount /cdrom`." msgstr "" "Como `root`, puedes desmontar el CDROM con `/sbin/umount /cdrom`, sacarlo de " "la unidad, insertar otro, y montarlo con `/sbin/mount_cd9660 /dev/cd0a " "/cdrom` asumiendo que cd0a es el nombre de la unidad para tu CDROM. Las " "versiones más recientes de FreeBSD te permiten montar el CDROM con tan sólo " "`/sbin/mount /cdrom`." #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:476 msgid "" "Using the live filesystem-the second of FreeBSD's CDROM disks-is useful if " "you have got limited space. What is on the live filesystem varies from " "release to release. You might try playing games from the CDROM. This " "involves using `lndir`, which gets installed with the X Window System, to " "tell the program(s) where to find the necessary files, because they are in [." "filename]#/cdrom# instead of in [.filename]#/usr# and its subdirectories, " "which is where they are expected to be. Read `man lndir`." msgstr "" "Utilizar el sistema de archivos live-el segundo disco de los CDROM de " "FreeBSD- es útil si tienes un espacio limitado. El contenido del sistema de " "archivos live varía de una versión a otra. Puedes probar a jugar a los " "juegos que hay en el CDROM. Esto implica usar el comando `lndir`, que se " "instala junto al sistema de ventanas X (X Window System), para informar al " "resto de programas dónde encontrar los archivos necesarios, dado que se " "encuentran en [.filename]#/cdrom# en lugar de [.filename]#/usr# y sus " "subdirectorios, que es donde se espeara que estén. Lee `man lndir`." #. type: Title == #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:478 #, no-wrap msgid "Comments Welcome" msgstr "Comentarios Bienvenidos" #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:482 msgid "" "If you use this guide I would be interested in knowing where it was unclear " "and what was left out that you think should be included, and if it was " "helpful. My thanks to Eugene W. Stark, professor of computer science at " "SUNY-Stony Brook, and John Fieber for helpful comments." msgstr "" "Si utilizas esta guía, me interesaría saber qué partes no han quedado del " "todo claras y qué echas en falta y piensas que debería incluirse, y si te " "fue útil . Gracias a Eugene W. Stark, profesor de ciencias de la computación " "en SUNY-Stony Brook y a John Fieber por sus útiles comentarios." #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/new-users/_index.adoc:483 msgid "" "Annelise Anderson, mailto:[email protected][[email protected]." "edu]" msgstr "" "Annelise Anderson, mailto:[email protected][[email protected]." "edu]" #~ msgid "" #~ "include::shared/attributes/attributes-{{% lang %}}.adoc[] include::shared/" #~ "{{% lang %}}/teams.adoc[] include::shared/{{% lang %}}/mailing-lists." #~ "adoc[] include::shared/{{% lang %}}/urls.adoc[]" #~ msgstr "" #~ "include::shared/attributes/attributes-{{% lang %}}.adoc[]\n" #~ "include::shared/{{% lang %}}/teams.adoc[]\n" #~ "include::shared/{{% lang %}}/mailing-lists.adoc[]\n" #~ "include::shared/{{% lang %}}/urls.adoc[]"