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# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE # Copyright (C) YEAR The FreeBSD Project # This file is distributed under the same license as the FreeBSD Documentation package. # Fernando Apesteguía <[email protected]>, 2021, 2022. msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: FreeBSD Documentation VERSION\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2022-07-07 23:23-0300\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2022-12-29 18:47+0000\n" "Last-Translator: Fernando Apesteguía <[email protected]>\n" "Language-Team: Spanish <https://translate-dev.freebsd.org/projects/" "documentation/articlesrc-scripting_index/es/>\n" "Language: es\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" "Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=n != 1;\n" "X-Generator: Weblate 4.10.1\n" #. type: YAML Front Matter: description #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:1 #, no-wrap msgid "A guide to writing new rc.d scripts and understanding those already written" msgstr "" "Una guía para escribir nuevos scripts rc.d y entender aquellos que ya están " "escritos" #. type: Title = #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:1 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:12 #, no-wrap msgid "Practical rc.d scripting in BSD" msgstr "Scripting práctico rc.d en BSD" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:45 msgid "Abstract" msgstr "Resumen" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:49 msgid "" "Beginners may find it difficult to relate the facts from the formal " "documentation on the BSD [.filename]#rc.d# framework with the practical " "tasks of [.filename]#rc.d# scripting. In this article, we consider a few " "typical cases of increasing complexity, show [.filename]#rc.d# features " "suited for each case, and discuss how they work. Such an examination should " "provide reference points for further study of the design and efficient " "application of [.filename]#rc.d#." msgstr "" "Los principiantes pueden tener dificultades para relacionar los hechos de la " "documentación formal del framwork [.filename]#rc.d# de BSD con las tareas " "prácticas de scripting de [.filename]#rc.d#. En este artículo, consideramos " "algunos casos típicos de complejidad creciente, mostramos [.filename]#rc.d# " "características adecuadas para cada caso y comentamos cómo funcionan. Dicho " "examen debe proporcionar puntos de referencia para un estudio más detallado " "del diseño y la aplicación eficiente de [.filename]#rc.d#." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:51 msgid "'''" msgstr "'''" #. type: Title == #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:55 #, no-wrap msgid "Introduction" msgstr "Introducción" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:61 msgid "" "The historical BSD had a monolithic startup script, [.filename]#/etc/rc#. " "It was invoked by man:init[8] at system boot time and performed all userland " "tasks required for multi-user operation: checking and mounting file systems, " "setting up the network, starting daemons, and so on. The precise list of " "tasks was not the same in every system; admins needed to customize it. With " "few exceptions, [.filename]#/etc/rc# had to be modified, and true hackers " "liked it." msgstr "" "El BSD histórico tenía un script de arranque monolítico, [.filename]#/etc/rc#" ". Era invocado por man:init[8] durante el arranque del sistema y realizaba " "todas las tareas en modo usuario que se requerían para operar en modo multi-" "usuario: comprobar y montar los sistemas de ficheros, configurar la red, " "arrancar demonios y demás. La lista precisa de tareas no era la misma en " "cada sistema; los administradores necesitaban personalizarla. Salvo en unas " "pocas excepciones, se tenía que modificar [.filename]#/etc/rc#, y a los " "verdaderos hackers les gustaba." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:67 msgid "" "The real problem with the monolithic approach was that it provided no " "control over the individual components started from [.filename]#/etc/rc#. " "For instance, [.filename]#/etc/rc# could not restart a single daemon. The " "system admin had to find the daemon process by hand, kill it, wait until it " "actually exited, then browse through [.filename]#/etc/rc# for the flags, and " "finally type the full command line to start the daemon again. The task " "would become even more difficult and prone to errors if the service to " "restart consisted of more than one daemon or demanded additional actions. " "In a few words, the single script failed to fulfil what scripts are for: to " "make the system admin's life easier." msgstr "" "El verdadero problema con el enfoque monolítico era que no proporcionaba " "control sobre los componentes individuales a partir de [.filename]#/etc/rc#. " "Por ejemplo, [.filename]#/etc/rc# no podía reiniciar un solo demonio. El " "administrador del sistema tenía que encontrar el proceso del demonio a mano, " "matarlo, esperar hasta que realmente terminara y luego examinar [.filename]#/" "etc/rc# para los flags, y finalmente escribir la línea de comando completa " "para iniciar el demonio nuevamente. La tarea se volvía aún más difícil y " "propensa a errores si el servicio a reiniciar consistía en más de un demonio " "o exigía acciones adicionales. En pocas palabras, el script único no cumplía " "con el propósito de los scripts: facilitar la vida del administrador del " "sistema." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:74 msgid "" "Later there was an attempt to split out some parts of [.filename]#/etc/rc# " "for the sake of starting the most important subsystems separately. The " "notorious example was [.filename]#/etc/netstart# to bring up networking. It " "did allow for accessing the network from single-user mode, but it did not " "integrate well into the automatic startup process because parts of its code " "needed to interleave with actions essentially unrelated to networking. That " "was why [.filename]#/etc/netstart# mutated into [.filename]#/etc/rc." "network#. The latter was no longer an ordinary script; it comprised of " "large, tangled man:sh[1] functions called from [.filename]#/etc/rc# at " "different stages of system startup. However, as the startup tasks grew " "diverse and sophisticated, the \"quasi-modular\" approach became even more " "of a drag than the monolithic [.filename]#/etc/rc# had been." msgstr "" "Posteriormente hubo un intento de separar algunas partes de [.filename]#/etc/" "rc# para poder arrancar los subsistemas más importantes de forma separada. " "Un ejemplo importante era [.filename]#/etc/netstart# para levantar la red. " "Permitía acceder a la red desde el modo de usuario único, pero no se " "integraba bien con el proceso de arranque automático debido a que algunas " "partes de su código necesitaban intercalarse con acciones que en esencia no " "estaban relacionadas con la red. Por eso [.filename]#/etc/netstart# se " "cambió a [.filename]#/etc/rc.network#. El segundo ya no era un script " "ordinario; estaba compuesto de funciones man:sh[1] grandes y entrelazadas " "que se llamaban desde [.filename]#/etc/rc# en diferentes fases del sistema " "de arranque. Sin embargo, a medida que las tareas de arranque se hicieron " "más diversas y sofisticadas, la aproximación \"casi modular\" se convirtió " "en un lastre casi más de lo que había sido el [.filename]#/etc/rc# " "monolítico." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:82 msgid "" "Without a clean and well-designed framework, the startup scripts had to bend " "over backwards to satisfy the needs of rapidly developing BSD-based " "operating systems. It became obvious at last that more steps are necessary " "on the way to a fine-grained and extensible [.filename]#rc# system. Thus " "BSD [.filename]#rc.d# was born. Its acknowledged fathers were Luke Mewburn " "and the NetBSD community. Later it was imported into FreeBSD. Its name " "refers to the location of system scripts for individual services, which is " "in [.filename]#/etc/rc.d#. Soon we will learn about more components of the " "[.filename]#rc.d# system and see how the individual scripts are invoked." msgstr "" "Sin un framework limpio y bien diseñado, los scripts de inicio tuvieron que " "hacer todo lo posible para satisfacer las necesidades de los sistemas " "operativos basados en BSD en rápido desarrollo. Por fin se hizo evidente que " "se necesitan más pasos en el camino hacia una sistema [.filename]#rc# " "refinado y extensible. Así nació el [.filename]#rc.d# de BSD. Sus padres " "reconocidos fueron Luke Mewburn y la comunidad NetBSD. Posteriormente se " "importó a FreeBSD. Su nombre se refiere a la ubicación de los scripts del " "sistema para servicios individuales, que se encuentra en [.filename]#/etc/rc." "d#. Pronto conoceremos más componentes del sistema [.filename]#rc.d# y " "veremos cómo se invocan los scripts individuales." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:93 msgid "" "The basic ideas behind BSD [.filename]#rc.d# are _fine modularity_ and " "__code reuse__. _Fine modularity_ means that each basic \"service\" such as " "a system daemon or primitive startup task gets its own man:sh[1] script able " "to start the service, stop it, reload it, check its status. A particular " "action is chosen by the command-line argument to the script. The [." "filename]#/etc/rc# script still drives system startup, but now it merely " "invokes the smaller scripts one by one with the `start` argument. It is " "easy to perform shutdown tasks as well by running the same set of scripts " "with the `stop` argument, which is done by [.filename]#/etc/rc.shutdown#. " "Note how closely this follows the Unix way of having a set of small " "specialized tools, each fulfilling its task as well as possible. _Code " "reuse_ means that common operations are implemented as man:sh[1] functions " "and collected in [.filename]#/etc/rc.subr#. Now a typical script can be " "just a few lines' worth of man:sh[1] code. Finally, an important part of " "the [.filename]#rc.d# framework is man:rcorder[8], which helps [.filename]#/" "etc/rc# to run the small scripts orderly with respect to dependencies " "between them. It can help [.filename]#/etc/rc.shutdown#, too, because the " "proper order for the shutdown sequence is opposite to that of startup." msgstr "" "Las ideas básicas detrás del [.filename]#rc.d# de BSD son _modularidad fina_ " "y __reutilización de código__. _Modularidad fina_ significa que cada " "\"servicio\" básico tales como un demonio del sistema o una primitiva de " "arranque tienen su propio script man:sh[1] capaz de arrancar el servicio, " "pararlo, recargarlo y comprobar su estado. Se escoge una acción particular " "mediante un argumento en la línea de comando del script. El script [." "filename]#/etc/rc# todavía dirige el sistema de arranque, pero ahora " "simplemente invoca scripts más pequeños uno a uno con el argumento `start`. " "También es fácil realizar tareas de parado ejecutando el mismo conjunto de " "scripts con el argumento `stop`, que es lo que hace [.filename]#/etc/rc." "shutdown#. Date cuenta de cómo esto sigue de cerca la manera Unix de tener " "un conjunto pequeño de herramientas especializadas, cada una realizando su " "tarea lo mejor posible. _Reutilización de código_ significa que las " "operaciones comunes están implementadas como funciones man:sh[1] y " "compiladas en [.filename]#/etc/rc.subr#. Ahora un script típico puede tener " "sólo unas pocas líneas de código man:sh[1]. Finalmente, una parte importante " "del framework [.filename]#rc.d# es man:rcorder[8], que ayuda a [.filename]#/" "etc/rc# a ejecutar los scripts pequeños de forma ordenada respecto a las " "dependencias entre ellos. También puede ayudar a [.filename]#/etc/rc." "shutdown#, porque el orden adecuado de apagado es el opuesto al de arranque." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:101 msgid "" "The BSD [.filename]#rc.d# design is described in <<lukem, the original " "article by Luke Mewburn>>, and the [.filename]#rc.d# components are " "documented in great detail in <<manpages, the respective manual pages>>. " "However, it might not appear obvious to an [.filename]#rc.d# newbie how to " "tie the numerous bits and pieces together in order to create a well-styled " "script for a particular task. Therefore this article will try a different " "approach to describe [.filename]#rc.d#. It will show which features should " "be used in a number of typical cases, and why. Note that this is not a how-" "to document because our aim is not at giving ready-made recipes, but at " "showing a few easy entrances into the [.filename]#rc.d# realm. Neither is " "this article a replacement for the relevant manual pages. Do not hesitate " "to refer to them for more formal and complete documentation while reading " "this article." msgstr "" "El diseño del [.filename]#rc.d# de BSD se describe en <<lukem, el artículo " "original de Luke Mewburn>>, y los componentes de [.filename]#rc.d# están " "documentados con gran detalle en <<manpages, las respectivas páginas de " "manual>>. Sin embargo, puede que no parezca obvio para un novato de [." "filename]#rc.d# cómo unir las numerosas partes y piezas para crear un script " "con estilo para una tarea en particular. Por lo tanto, este artículo " "intentará un enfoque diferente para describir [.filename]#rc.d#. Mostrará " "qué funciones deben usarse en varios casos típicos y por qué. Ten en cuenta " "que este no es un documento de instrucciones porque nuestro objetivo no es " "dar recetas listas para usar, sino mostrar algunas formas fáciles de " "introducirse en el reino de [.filename]#rc.d#. Este artículo tampoco " "sustituye a las páginas del manual correspondientes. No dudes en " "consultarlas para obtener documentación más formal y completa mientras lees " "este artículo." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:105 msgid "" "There are prerequisites to understanding this article. First of all, you " "should be familiar with the man:sh[1] scripting language in order to master " "[.filename]#rc.d#. In addition, you should know how the system performs " "userland startup and shutdown tasks, which is described in man:rc[8]." msgstr "" "Hay prerequisitos para entender este artículo. Antes de nada, para dominar [." "filename]#rc.d# deberías estar familiarizado con el lenguaje de scripting de " "man:sh[1]. Además deberías conocer cómo el sistema realiza las tareas de " "arranque y parada en modo usuario, que está descrito en man:rc[8]." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:108 msgid "" "This article focuses on the FreeBSD branch of [.filename]#rc.d#. " "Nevertheless, it may be useful to NetBSD developers, too, because the two " "branches of BSD [.filename]#rc.d# not only share the same design but also " "stay similar in their aspects visible to script authors." msgstr "" "Este artículo se centra en la rama FreeBSD de [.filename]#rc.d#. Sin " "embargo, también puede ser útil para los desarrolladores de NetBSD, porque " "las dos ramas de [.filename]#rc.d# de BSD no solo comparten el mismo diseño, " "sino que también son similares en sus aspectos visibles para los creadores " "de scripts." #. type: Title == #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:110 #, no-wrap msgid "Outlining the task" msgstr "Delineando la tarea" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:114 msgid "" "A little consideration before starting `$EDITOR` will not hurt. In order to " "write a well-tempered [.filename]#rc.d# script for a system service, we " "should be able to answer the following questions first:" msgstr "" "Un poco de reflexión antes de arrancar `$EDITOR` no dolerá. Para escribir un " "script [.filename]#rc.d# bien hecho para un servicio del sistema, deberíamos " "poder responder las siguientes preguntas primero:" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:116 msgid "Is the service mandatory or optional?" msgstr "¿El servicio es obligatorio u opcional?" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:117 msgid "" "Will the script serve a single program, e.g., a daemon, or perform more " "complex actions?" msgstr "" "¿El script servirá a un solo programa, por ejemplo, un demonio, o realizará " "acciones más complejas?" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:118 msgid "Which other services will our service depend on, and vice versa?" msgstr "¿De qué otros servicios dependerá nuestro servicio y viceversa?" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:120 msgid "" "From the examples that follow we will see why it is important to know the " "answers to these questions." msgstr "" "De los ejemplos que siguen veremos por qué es importante conocer las " "respuestas a estas preguntas." #. type: Title == #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:122 #, no-wrap msgid "A dummy script" msgstr "Un guión ficticio" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:125 msgid "" "The following script just emits a message each time the system boots up:" msgstr "" "El siguiente script simplemente emite un mensaje cada vez que se inicia el " "sistema:" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:129 #, no-wrap msgid "#!/bin/sh <.>\n" msgstr "#!/bin/sh <.>\n" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:131 #, no-wrap msgid ". /etc/rc.subr <.>\n" msgstr ". /etc/rc.subr <.>\n" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:135 #, no-wrap msgid "" "name=\"dummy\" <.>\n" "start_cmd=\"${name}_start\" <.>\n" "stop_cmd=\":\" <.>\n" msgstr "" "name=\"dummy\" <.>\n" "start_cmd=\"${name}_start\" <.>\n" "stop_cmd=\":\" <.>\n" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:140 #, no-wrap msgid "" "dummy_start() <.>\n" "{\n" "\techo \"Nothing started.\"\n" "}\n" msgstr "" "dummy_start() <.>\n" "{\n" "\techo \"Nothing started.\"\n" "}\n" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:143 #, no-wrap msgid "" "load_rc_config $name <.>\n" "run_rc_command \"$1\" <.>\n" msgstr "" "load_rc_config $name <.>\n" "run_rc_command \"$1\" <.>\n" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:146 msgid "Things to note are:" msgstr "Las cosas a tener en cuenta son:" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:152 msgid "" "➊ An interpreted script should begin with the magic \"shebang\" " "line. That line specifies the interpreter program for the script. Due to " "the shebang line, the script can be invoked exactly like a binary program " "provided that it has the execute bit set. (See man:chmod[1].) For example, " "a system admin can run our script manually, from the command line:" msgstr "" "➊ Un script interpretado debería empezar con la línea mágica \"shebang" "\". Esa línea especifica el programa intérprete para el script. Gracias a la " "línea shebang, el script se puede invocar exactamente igual que un programa " "binario si se ha establecido el bit de ejecución. (Consulta man:chmod[1].) " "Por ejemplo, un administrador puede ejecutar nuestro script de forma manual, " "desde la línea de comando:" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:156 #, no-wrap msgid "# /etc/rc.d/dummy start\n" msgstr "# /etc/rc.d/dummy start\n" #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:162 msgid "" "In order to be properly managed by the [.filename]#rc.d# framework, its " "scripts need to be written in the man:sh[1] language. If you have a service " "or port that uses a binary control utility or a startup routine written in " "another language, install that element in [.filename]#/usr/sbin# (for the " "system) or [.filename]#/usr/local/sbin# (for ports) and call it from a man:" "sh[1] script in the appropriate [.filename]#rc.d# directory." msgstr "" "Para que los scripts puedan ser gestionados por el framework [.filename]#rc." "d# tienen que estar escritos en lenguaje man:sh[1]. Si tienes un servicio o " "port que usa una utilidad de control binaria o una rutina de arranque " "escrita en otro lenguaje, instala ese elemento en [.filename]#/usr/sbin# (" "para el sistema) o [.filename]#/usr/local/sbin# (para ports) e invócalo " "desde un script man:sh[1] en el directorio [.filename]#rc.d# apropiado." #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:167 msgid "" "If you would like to learn the details of why [.filename]#rc.d# scripts must " "be written in the man:sh[1] language, see how [.filename]#/etc/rc# invokes " "them by means of `run_rc_script`, then study the implementation of " "`run_rc_script` in [.filename]#/etc/rc.subr#." msgstr "" "Si quieres conocer los detalles acerca de por qué los scripts de [." "filename]#rc.d# se tienen que escribir en lenguaje man:sh[1], consulta cómo [" ".filename]#/etc/rc# los invoca mediante `run_rc_script`, luego estudia la " "implementación de `run_rc_script` en [.filename]#/etc/rc.subr#." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:173 msgid "" "➋ In [.filename]#/etc/rc.subr#, a number of man:sh[1] functions are " "defined for an [.filename]#rc.d# script to use. The functions are " "documented in man:rc.subr[8]. While it is theoretically possible to write " "an [.filename]#rc.d# script without ever using man:rc.subr[8], its functions " "prove extremely handy and make the job an order of magnitude easier. So it " "is no surprise that everybody resorts to man:rc.subr[8] in [.filename]#rc.d# " "scripts. We are not going to be an exception." msgstr "" "➋ En [.filename]#/etc/rc.subr#, se definen un número de funciones " "man:sh[1] para que las use el script [.filename]#rc.d#. Las funciones están " "documentadas en man:rc.subr[8]. Aunque es teóricamente posible escribir un " "script [.filename]#rc.d# sin llegar a usar man:rc.subr[8], sus funciones han " "demostrado ser extremadamente útiles y hacen el trabajo un orden de magnitud " "más fácil. Así que no es una sorpresa que todo el mundo recurra a man:rc." "subr[8] en los scripts de [.filename]#rc.d#. Nosotros no vamos a ser una " "excepción." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:176 msgid "" "An [.filename]#rc.d# script must \"source\"[.filename]#/etc/rc.subr# " "(include it using \"`.`\") _before_ it calls man:rc.subr[8] functions so " "that man:sh[1] has an opportunity to learn the functions. The preferred " "style is to source [.filename]#/etc/rc.subr# first of all." msgstr "" "Un script [.filename]#rc.d# debe incluir [.filename]#/etc/rc.subr# (" "utilizando \"`.`\") _antes_ de llamar a funciones de man:rc.subr[8] de forma " "que man:sh[1] tenga una oportunidad para saber acerca de las funciones. El " "estilo preferido es hacer \"source\" de [.filename]#/etc/rc.subr# antes de " "nada." #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:180 msgid "" "Some useful functions related to networking are provided by another include " "file, [.filename]#/etc/network.subr#." msgstr "" "Algunas funciones útiles relacionadas con redes son proporcionadas por otro " "archivo de inclusión, [.filename]#/etc/network.subr#." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:185 msgid "" "➌ [[name-var]]The mandatory variable `name` specifies the name of our " "script. It is required by man:rc.subr[8]. That is, each [.filename]#rc.d# " "script _must_ set `name` before it calls man:rc.subr[8] functions." msgstr "" "➌ [[name-var]] La variable obligatoria `name` especifica el nombre de " "nuestro script. Es un requisito de man:rc.subr[8]. Es decir, cada script [." "filename]#rc.d# _debe establecer_ `name` antes de llamar a las funciones de " "man:rc.subr[8]." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:189 msgid "" "Now it is the right time to choose a unique name for our script once and for " "all. We will use it in a number of places while developing the script. For " "a start, let us give the same name to the script file, too." msgstr "" "Ahora es el momento adecuado para elegir un nombre único para nuestro script " "de una vez por todas. Lo usaremos en varios lugares mientras desarrollamos " "el script. Para empezar, démosle también el mismo nombre al archivo del " "script." #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:196 msgid "" "The current style of [.filename]#rc.d# scripting is to enclose values " "assigned to variables in double quotes. Keep in mind that it is just a " "style issue that may not always be applicable. You can safely omit quotes " "from around simple words without man:sh[1] metacharacters in them, while in " "certain cases you will need single quotes to prevent any interpretation of " "the value by man:sh[1]. A programmer should be able to tell the language " "syntax from style conventions and use both of them wisely." msgstr "" "El estilo actual de los scripts [.filename]#rc.d# es englobar los valores " "asignados a variables entre comillas dobles. Ten en cuenta que esto es sólo " "una cuestión de estilo y que podría no ser aplicable siempre. Puedes omitir " "las comillas de forma segura alrededor de palabras sencillas que no " "contengan metacaracteres de man:sh[1], mientras que en ciertos casos " "necesitarás comillas simples para evitar cualquier interpretación del valor " "por parte de man:sh[1]. Un programador debería ser capaz de distinguir la " "sintaxis del lenguaje de las convenciones de estilo y aplicar ambas de forma " "apropiada." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:202 msgid "" "➍ The main idea behind man:rc.subr[8] is that an [.filename]#rc.d# " "script provides handlers, or methods, for man:rc.subr[8] to invoke. In " "particular, `start`, `stop`, and other arguments to an [.filename]#rc.d# " "script are handled this way. A method is a man:sh[1] expression stored in a " "variable named `argument_cmd`, where _argument_ corresponds to what can be " "specified on the script's command line. We will see later how man:rc." "subr[8] provides default methods for the standard arguments." msgstr "" "➍ La idea principal detrás de man:rc.subr[8] es que un script [." "filename]#rc.d# proporciona manejadores, o métodos, para que los invoque " "man:rc.subr[8]. En particular, `start`, `stop`, y otros argumentos pasados a " "un script [.filename]#rc.d# se manejan de esta forma. Un método es una " "expresión man:sh[1] que se almacena en una variable llamada `argument_cmd`, " "donde _argument_ corresponde a lo que se puede especificar en la línea de " "comando del script. Luego veremos cómo man:rc.subr[8] proporciona métodos " "por defecto para los argumentos estándar." #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:207 msgid "" "To make the code in [.filename]#rc.d# more uniform, it is common to use `" "${name}` wherever appropriate. Thus a number of lines can be just copied " "from one script to another." msgstr "" "Para hacer el código en [.filename]#rc.d# más uniforme, es común usar " "`${name}` donde sea apropiado. Por tanto, es posible simplemente copiar " "varias líneas de un script a otro." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:211 msgid "" "➎ We should keep in mind that man:rc.subr[8] provides default methods " "for the standard arguments. Consequently, we must override a standard " "method with a no-op man:sh[1] expression if we want it to do nothing." msgstr "" "➎ Deberíamos tener en cuenta que man:rc.subr[8] proporciona métodos " "por defecto para los argumentos estándar. Consecuentemente, debemos " "sobrescribir un método con una expresión no-op de man:sh[1] si queremos que " "no haga nada." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:214 msgid "" "➏ The body of a sophisticated method can be implemented as a " "function. It is a good idea to make the function name meaningful." msgstr "" "➏ El cuerpo de un método sofisticado se puede implementar como una " "función. Es una buena idea que el nombre de la función tenga un significado." #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:218 msgid "" "It is strongly recommended to add the prefix `${name}` to the names of all " "functions defined in our script so they never clash with the functions from " "man:rc.subr[8] or another common include file." msgstr "" "Se recomienda encarecidamente añadir el prefijo `${name}` a los nombres de " "todas las funciones definidas en nuestro script de forma que nunca " "colisionen con funciones de man:rc.subr[8] o cualquier otro fichero que se " "incluya de forma habitual." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:222 msgid "" "➐ This call to man:rc.subr[8] loads man:rc.conf[5] variables. Our " "script makes no use of them yet, but it still is recommended to load man:rc." "conf[5] because there can be man:rc.conf[5] variables controlling man:rc." "subr[8] itself." msgstr "" "➐ Esta llamada a man:rc.subr[8] carga las variables de man:rc.conf[5]" ". Nuestro script no las utiliza todavía, pero aún así se recomienda cargar " "man:rc.conf[5] porque puede haber variables de man:rc.conf[5] controlando al " "propio man:rc.subr[8]." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:225 msgid "" "➑ Usually this is the last command in an [.filename]#rc.d# script. " "It invokes the man:rc.subr[8] machinery to perform the requested action " "using the variables and methods our script has provided." msgstr "" "➑ Normalmente este es el último comando en un script [.filename]#rc.d#" ". Invoca la maquinaria de man:rc.subr[8] para realizar la acción solicitada " "utilizando las variables y métodos que ha proporcionado nuestro script." #. type: Title == #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:227 #, no-wrap msgid "A configurable dummy script" msgstr "Un script ficticio configurable" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:237 msgid "" "Now let us add some controls to our dummy script. As you may know, [." "filename]#rc.d# scripts are controlled with man:rc.conf[5]. Fortunately, " "man:rc.subr[8] hides all the complications from us. The following script " "uses man:rc.conf[5] via man:rc.subr[8] to see whether it is enabled in the " "first place, and to fetch a message to show at boot time. These two tasks " "in fact are independent. On the one hand, an [.filename]#rc.d# script can " "just support enabling and disabling its service. On the other hand, a " "mandatory [.filename]#rc.d# script can have configuration variables. We " "will do both things in the same script though:" msgstr "" "Ahora añadamos algunos controles a nuestro script de prueba. Como sabes, los " "scripts [.filename]#rc.d# están controlados por man:rc.conf[5]. " "Afortunadamente, man:rc.subr[8] nos oculta todas las complicaciones. El " "siguiente script usa man:rc.conf[5] mediante man:rc.subr[8] para ver en " "primer lugar si está habilitado, y para obtener un mensaje que mostrar en el " "momento del arranque. Estas dos tareas son de hecho independientes. En un " "lado, un script [.filename]#rc.d# puede simplemente soportar la activación y " "desactivación de su servicio. Por otro lado, un script [.filename]#rc.d# " "obligatorio puede tener las variables de configuración. Sin embargo, " "nosotros haremos ambas cosas en el mismo script:" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:241 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:332 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:389 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:621 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:752 #, no-wrap msgid "#!/bin/sh\n" msgstr "#!/bin/sh\n" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:243 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:334 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:391 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:628 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:754 #, no-wrap msgid ". /etc/rc.subr\n" msgstr ". /etc/rc.subr\n" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:246 #, no-wrap msgid "" "name=dummy\n" "rcvar=dummy_enable <.>\n" msgstr "" "name=dummy\n" "rcvar=dummy_enable <.>\n" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:249 #, no-wrap msgid "" "start_cmd=\"${name}_start\"\n" "stop_cmd=\":\"\n" msgstr "" "start_cmd=\"${name}_start\"\n" "stop_cmd=\":\"\n" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:253 #, no-wrap msgid "" "load_rc_config $name <.>\n" ": ${dummy_enable:=no} <.>\n" ": ${dummy_msg=\"Nothing started.\"} <.>\n" msgstr "" "load_rc_config $name <.>\n" ": ${dummy_enable:=no} <.>\n" ": ${dummy_msg=\"Nothing started.\"} <.>\n" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:258 #, no-wrap msgid "" "dummy_start()\n" "{\n" "\techo \"$dummy_msg\" <.>\n" "}\n" msgstr "" "dummy_start()\n" "{\n" "\techo \"$dummy_msg\" <.>\n" "}\n" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:260 #, no-wrap msgid "run_rc_command \"$1\"\n" msgstr "run_rc_command \"$1\"\n" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:263 msgid "What changed in this example?" msgstr "¿Qué cambió en este ejemplo?" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:265 msgid "" "➊ The variable `rcvar` specifies the name of the ON/OFF knob variable." msgstr "" "➊ La variable `rcvar` especifica el nombre de la variable ON/OFF." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:267 msgid "" "➋ Now `load_rc_config` is invoked earlier in the script, before any " "man:rc.conf[5] variables are accessed." msgstr "" "➋ Ahora `load_rc_config` es invocado pronto en el script, antes de " "que se acceda a alguna variable de man:rc.conf[5]." #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:273 msgid "" "While examining [.filename]#rc.d# scripts, keep in mind that man:sh[1] " "defers the evaluation of expressions in a function until the latter is " "called. Therefore it is not an error to invoke `load_rc_config` as late as " "just before `run_rc_command` and still access man:rc.conf[5] variables from " "the method functions exported to `run_rc_command`. This is because the " "method functions are to be called by `run_rc_command`, which is invoked " "_after_ `load_rc_config`." msgstr "" "Cuando examines scripts [.filename]#rc.d#, ten en cuenta que man:sh[1] " "retrasa la evaluación de expresiones en una función hasta que ésta es " "invocada. Por lo tanto, no es un error invocar `load_rc_config` tan tarde " "como justo antes de `run_rc_command` y aún así acceder a variables de man:rc." "conf[5] desde los métodos exportados a `run_rc_command`. Esto es porque los " "métodos se llaman desde `run_rc_command`, que es invocado _después_ de " "`load_rc_config`." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:279 msgid "" "➌ A warning will be emitted by `run_rc_command` if `rcvar` itself is " "set, but the indicated knob variable is unset. If your [.filename]#rc.d# " "script is for the base system, you should add a default setting for the knob " "to [.filename]#/etc/defaults/rc.conf# and document it in man:rc.conf[5]. " "Otherwise it is your script that should provide a default setting for the " "knob. The canonical approach to the latter case is shown in the example." msgstr "" "➌ Se emitirá un aviso desde `run_rc_command` si `rcvar` está " "establecida, pero la variable en sí no lo está. Si tu script [.filename]#rc." "d# es para el sistema base, deberías añadir un valor por defecto para la " "variable en [.filename]#/etc/defaults/rc.conf# y documentarlo en man:rc." "conf[5]. De lo contrario tu script debería proporcionar un valor por defecto " "para la variable. La aproximación canónica para el último caso se muestra en " "el ejemplo." #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:286 msgid "" "You can make man:rc.subr[8] act as though the knob is set to `ON`, " "irrespective of its current setting, by prefixing the argument to the script " "with `one` or `force`, as in `onestart` or `forcestop`. Keep in mind though " "that `force` has other dangerous effects we will touch upon below, while " "`one` just overrides the ON/OFF knob. E.g., assume that `dummy_enable` is " "`OFF`. The following command will run the `start` method in spite of the " "setting:" msgstr "" "Puedes hacer que man:rc.subr[8] actúe como si la variable estuviera a `ON`, " "independientemente de su estado actual, poniendo como prefijo del argumento " "del script `one` o `force`, como en `onestart` o `forcestop`. Ten en cuenta " "sin embargo que `force` tiene otros efectos peligrosos que mencionaremos " "abajo, mientras que `one` simplemente tiene preferencia sobre la variable ON/" "OFF. Por ejemplo, asume que `dummy_enable` es `OFF`. El siguiente comando " "ejecutará el método `start` a pesar de esa configuración:" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:290 #, no-wrap msgid "# /etc/rc.d/dummy onestart\n" msgstr "# /etc/rc.d/dummy onestart\n" #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:297 msgid "" "➍ Now the message to be shown at boot time is no longer hard-coded in " "the script. It is specified by an man:rc.conf[5] variable named " "`dummy_msg`. This is a trivial example of how man:rc.conf[5] variables can " "control an [.filename]#rc.d# script." msgstr "" "➍ Ahora el mensaje que se mostrará en el arranque ya no está " "inmutable en el script. Se especifica en una variable de man:rc.conf[5] " "llamada `dummy_msg`. Este es un ejemplo trivial de cómo un script de [." "filename]#rc.d# puede ser controlado por variables de man:rc.conf[5]." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:302 msgid "" "The names of all man:rc.conf[5] variables used exclusively by our script " "_must_ have the same prefix: `${name}_`. For example: `dummy_mode`, " "`dummy_state_file`, and so on." msgstr "" "Los nombres de todas las variables man:rc.conf[5] usadas en exclusiva por " "nuestro script _deben tener_ el mismo prefijo: `${name}_`. Por ejemplo: " "`dummy_mode`, `dummy_state_file`, y así sucesivamente." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:307 msgid "" "While it is possible to use a shorter name internally, e.g., just `msg`, " "adding the unique prefix `${name}_` to all global names introduced by our " "script will save us from possible collisions with the man:rc.subr[8] " "namespace." msgstr "" "Aunque es posible utilizar internamente un nombre más corto, por ejemplo " "simplemente `msg`, añadir el prefijo único `${name}_` a todos los nombres " "globales introducidos por nuestro script nos evitará posibles colisiones en " "el espacio de nombres de man:rc.subr[8]." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:310 msgid "" "As a rule, [.filename]#rc.d# scripts of the base system need not provide " "defaults for their man:rc.conf[5] variables because the defaults should be " "set in [.filename]#/etc/defaults/rc.conf# instead. On the other hand, [." "filename]#rc.d# scripts for ports should provide the defaults as shown in " "the example." msgstr "" "Como norma, los scripts [.filename]#rc.d# del sistema base no necesitan " "proporcionar valores por defecto para sus variables en man:rc.conf[5] porque " "estos deberían establecerse en cambio en [.filename]#/etc/defaults/rc.conf#. " "Por otro lado, los scripts [.filename]#rc.d# para ports deberían " "proporcionar los valores por defecto como se muestra en el ejemplo." #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:314 msgid "" "➎ Here we use `dummy_msg` to actually control our script, i.e., to " "emit a variable message. Use of a shell function is overkill here, since it " "only runs a single command; an equally valid alternative is:" msgstr "" "➎ Aquí utilizamos `dummy_msg` en realidad para controlar nuestro " "script, es decir, para emitir un mensaje variable. Utilizar una función de " "shell para esto es demasiado ya que sólo ejecuta un comando. Una alternativa " "igualmente válida es:" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:318 #, no-wrap msgid "start_cmd=\"echo \\\"$dummy_msg\\\"\"\n" msgstr "start_cmd=\"echo \\\"$dummy_msg\\\"\"\n" #. type: Title == #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:321 #, no-wrap msgid "Startup and shutdown of a simple daemon" msgstr "Arranque y parada de un demonio simple" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:328 msgid "" "We said earlier that man:rc.subr[8] could provide default methods. " "Obviously, such defaults cannot be too general. They are suited for the " "common case of starting and shutting down a simple daemon program. Let us " "assume now that we need to write an [.filename]#rc.d# script for such a " "daemon called `mumbled`. Here it is:" msgstr "" "Dijimos antes que man:rc.subr[8] podía proporcionar métodos por defecto. " "Obviamente, estos no pueden ser muy generales. Se adaptan bien al caso común " "de arrancar y parar un programa tipo demonio que sea sencillo. Asumamos " "ahora que necesitamos escribir un script [.filename]#rc.d# para dicho " "demonio llamado `mumbled`. Aquí está:" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:337 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:394 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:631 #, no-wrap msgid "" "name=mumbled\n" "rcvar=mumbled_enable\n" msgstr "" "name=mumbled\n" "rcvar=mumbled_enable\n" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:339 #, no-wrap msgid "command=\"/usr/sbin/${name}\" <.>\n" msgstr "command=\"/usr/sbin/${name}\" <.>\n" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:342 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:440 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:646 #, no-wrap msgid "" "load_rc_config $name\n" "run_rc_command \"$1\"\n" msgstr "" "load_rc_config $name\n" "run_rc_command \"$1\"\n" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:346 msgid "" "Pleasingly simple, isn't it? Let us examine our little script. The only new " "thing to note is as follows:" msgstr "" "Agradablemente simple, ¿no? Examinemos nuestro pequeño script. Lo único " "nuevo a tener en cuenta es lo siguiente:" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:350 msgid "" "➊ The `command` variable is meaningful to man:rc.subr[8]. If it is " "set, man:rc.subr[8] will act according to the scenario of serving a " "conventional daemon. In particular, the default methods will be provided " "for such arguments: `start`, `stop`, `restart`, `poll`, and `status`." msgstr "" "➊ La variable `command` tiene sentido para man:rc.subr[8]. Si está " "establecida, man:rc.subr[8] actuará en consecuencia con el escenario de " "servir un demonio convencional. En particular, se proporcionarán los métodos " "por defecto para los argumentos: `start`, `stop`, `restart`, `poll`, y " "`status`." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:359 msgid "" "The daemon will be started by running `$command` with command-line flags " "specified by `$mumbled_flags`. Thus all the input data for the default " "`start` method are available in the variables set by our script. Unlike " "`start`, other methods may require additional information about the process " "started. For instance, `stop` must know the PID of the process to terminate " "it. In the present case, man:rc.subr[8] will scan through the list of all " "processes, looking for a process with its name equal to `procname`. The " "latter is another variable of meaning to man:rc.subr[8], and its value " "defaults to that of `command`. In other words, when we set `command`, " "`procname` is effectively set to the same value. This enables our script to " "kill the daemon and to check if it is running in the first place." msgstr "" "El demonio se arrancará ejecutando `$command` con los flags especificados " "por `$mumbled_flags`. Por lo tanto todos los datos de entrada para el método " "`start` por defecto están disponibles en las variables establecidas por " "nuestro script. A diferencia de `start`, otros métodos podrían requerir " "información adicional acerca del proceso arrancado. Por ejemplo, `stop` debe " "saber el PID del proceso para poder terminarlo. En el caso actual, man:rc." "subr[8] escaneará la lista de todos los procesos, buscando un proceso cuyo " "nombre sea `procname`. Esto último es otra variable que tiene significado " "para man:rc.subr[8] y su valor por defecto es el valor de `command`. En " "otras palabras, cuando establecemos `command`, `procname` se establece al " "mismo valor. Esto posibilita que nuestro script pueda matar el demonio y así " "como comprobar en primer lugar si se está ejecutando." #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:366 msgid "" "Some programs are in fact executable scripts. The system runs such a script " "by starting its interpreter and passing the name of the script to it as a " "command-line argument. This is reflected in the list of processes, which " "can confuse man:rc.subr[8]. You should additionally set " "`command_interpreter` to let man:rc.subr[8] know the actual name of the " "process if `$command` is a script." msgstr "" "Algunos programas son de hecho scripts ejecutables. El sistema ejecuta " "dichos scripts iniciando su intérprete y pasándole el nombre del script como " "un argumento en línea de comandos. Esto se refleja en la lista de procesos, " "que puede confundir a man:rc.subr[8]. Deberías establecer además " "`command_interpreter` para que man:rc.subr[8] sepa cuál es el verdadero " "nombre del proceso si `$command` es un script." #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:371 msgid "" "For each [.filename]#rc.d# script, there is an optional man:rc.conf[5] " "variable that takes precedence over `command`. Its name is constructed as " "follows: `${name}_program`, where `name` is the mandatory variable we " "discussed <<name-var, earlier>>. E.g., in this case it will be " "`mumbled_program`. It is man:rc.subr[8] that arranges `${name}_program` to " "override `command`." msgstr "" "Para cada script [.filename]#rc.d#, hay una variable opcional en man:rc." "conf[5] que tiene preferencia sobre `command`. Su nombre se construye de la " "siguiente manera: `${name}_program`, donde `name` es la variable obligatoria " "que discutimos <<name-var, anteriormente>>. Ejemplo, en este caso será " "`mumbled_program`. Es man:rc.subr[8] quien hace que `${name}_program` tenga " "más prioridad que `command`." #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:375 msgid "" "Of course, man:sh[1] will permit you to set `${name}_program` from man:rc." "conf[5] or the script itself even if `command` is unset. In that case, the " "special properties of `${name}_program` are lost, and it becomes an ordinary " "variable your script can use for its own purposes. However, the sole use of " "`${name}_program` is discouraged because using it together with `command` " "became an idiom of [.filename]#rc.d# scripting." msgstr "" "Por supuesto, man:sh[1] te permitirá establecer `${name}_program` desde " "man:rc.conf[5] o incluso desde el propio script si `command` no está " "establecido. En ese caso, las propiedades especiales de `${name}_program` se " "pierden y se convierte en una variable ordinaria que tu script puede usar " "para sus propios fines. Sin embargo, el uso aislado de `${name}_program` " "está desaconsejado porque usarlo junto con `command` se ha convertido en " "algo idiomático en los scripts de [.filename]#rc.d#." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:378 msgid "" "For more detailed information on default methods, refer to man:rc.subr[8]." msgstr "" "Para una información más detallada acerca de los métodos por defecto, " "consulta man:rc.subr[8]." #. type: Title == #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:380 #, no-wrap msgid "Startup and shutdown of an advanced daemon" msgstr "Arranque y parada de un demonio avanzado" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:385 msgid "" "Let us add some meat onto the bones of the previous script and make it more " "complex and featureful. The default methods can do a good job for us, but " "we may need some of their aspects tweaked. Now we will learn how to tune " "the default methods to our needs." msgstr "" "Agreguemos un poco de carne a los huesos del guión anterior y hagámoslo más " "complejo y más rico en características. Los métodos predeterminados pueden " "hacer un buen trabajo por nosotros, pero es posible que necesitemos ajustar " "algunos de sus aspectos. Ahora aprenderemos cómo ajustar los métodos " "predeterminados a nuestras necesidades." #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:397 #, no-wrap msgid "" "command=\"/usr/sbin/${name}\"\n" "command_args=\"mock arguments > /dev/null 2>&1\" <.>\n" msgstr "" "command=\"/usr/sbin/${name}\"\n" "command_args=\"mock arguments > /dev/null 2>&1\" <.>\n" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:399 #, no-wrap msgid "pidfile=\"/var/run/${name}.pid\" <.>\n" msgstr "pidfile=\"/var/run/${name}.pid\" <.>\n" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:401 #, no-wrap msgid "required_files=\"/etc/${name}.conf /usr/share/misc/${name}.rules\" <.>\n" msgstr "" "required_files=\"/etc/${name}.conf /usr/share/misc/${name}.rules\" <.>\n" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:403 #, no-wrap msgid "sig_reload=\"USR1\" <.>\n" msgstr "sig_reload=\"USR1\" <.>\n" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:406 #, no-wrap msgid "" "start_precmd=\"${name}_prestart\" <.>\n" "stop_postcmd=\"echo Bye-bye\" <.>\n" msgstr "" "start_precmd=\"${name}_prestart\" <.>\n" "stop_postcmd=\"echo Bye-bye\" <.>\n" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:408 #, no-wrap msgid "extra_commands=\"reload plugh xyzzy\" <.>\n" msgstr "extra_commands=\"reload plugh xyzzy\" <.>\n" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:411 #, no-wrap msgid "" "plugh_cmd=\"mumbled_plugh\" <.>\n" "xyzzy_cmd=\"echo 'Nothing happens.'\"\n" msgstr "" "plugh_cmd=\"mumbled_plugh\" <.>\n" "xyzzy_cmd=\"echo 'Nothing happens.'\"\n" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:432 #, no-wrap msgid "" "mumbled_prestart()\n" "{\n" "\tif checkyesno mumbled_smart; then <.>\n" "\t\trc_flags=\"-o smart ${rc_flags}\" <.>\n" "\tfi\n" "\tcase \"$mumbled_mode\" in\n" "\tfoo)\n" "\t\trc_flags=\"-frotz ${rc_flags}\"\n" "\t\t;;\n" "\tbar)\n" "\t\trc_flags=\"-baz ${rc_flags}\"\n" "\t\t;;\n" "\t*)\n" "\t\twarn \"Invalid value for mumbled_mode\" <.>\n" "\t\treturn 1 <.>\n" "\t\t;;\n" "\tesac\n" "\trun_rc_command xyzzy <.>\n" "\treturn 0\n" "}\n" msgstr "" "mumbled_prestart()\n" "{\n" "\tif checkyesno mumbled_smart; then <.>\n" "\t\trc_flags=\"-o smart ${rc_flags}\" <.>\n" "\tfi\n" "\tcase \"$mumbled_mode\" in\n" "\tfoo)\n" "\t\trc_flags=\"-frotz ${rc_flags}\"\n" "\t\t;;\n" "\tbar)\n" "\t\trc_flags=\"-baz ${rc_flags}\"\n" "\t\t;;\n" "\t*)\n" "\t\twarn \"Invalid value for mumbled_mode\" <.>\n" "\t\treturn 1 <.>\n" "\t\t;;\n" "\tesac\n" "\trun_rc_command xyzzy <.>\n" "\treturn 0\n" "}\n" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:437 #, no-wrap msgid "" "mumbled_plugh() <.>\n" "{\n" "\techo 'A hollow voice says \"plugh\".'\n" "}\n" msgstr "" "mumbled_plugh() <.>\n" "{\n" "\techo 'A hollow voice says \"plugh\".'\n" "}\n" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:445 msgid "" "➊ Additional arguments to `$command` can be passed in " "`command_args`. They will be added to the command line after `" "$mumbled_flags`. Since the final command line is passed to `eval` for its " "actual execution, input and output redirections can be specified in " "`command_args`." msgstr "" "➊ Se pueden pasar argumentos adicionales a `$command` mediante " "`command_args`. Se añadirán a la línea de comando después de `$mumbled_flags`" ". Como la línea de comando final se pasa a `eval` para su ejecución, se " "pueden especificar redirecciones de entrada y salida en `command_args`." #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:452 msgid "" "_Never_ include dashed options, like `-X` or `--foo`, in `command_args`. " "The contents of `command_args` will appear at the end of the final command " "line, hence they are likely to follow arguments present in `${name}_flags`; " "but most commands will not recognize dashed options after ordinary " "arguments. A better way of passing additional options to `$command` is to " "add them to the beginning of `${name}_flags`. Another way is to modify " "`rc_flags` <<rc-flags, as shown later>>." msgstr "" "_Nunca_ incluyas opciones con guiones, como `-X` o `--foo`, en `command_args`" ". El contenido de `command_args` aparecerá al final de la línea de comando, " "por lo tanto seguramente aparezcan después que los argumentos presentes en " "`${name}_flags`; pero la mayoría de los comandos no reconocen opciones con " "guiones que aparezcan después de los argumentos ordinarios. Una forma mejor " "de pasar opciones adicionales a `$command` es añadirlas al principio de " "`${name}_flags`. Otra forma es modificar `rc_flags` <<rc-flags, como se " "muestra más adelante>>." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:456 msgid "" "➋ A good-mannered daemon should create a _pidfile_ so that its " "process can be found more easily and reliably. The variable `pidfile`, if " "set, tells man:rc.subr[8] where it can find the pidfile for its default " "methods to use." msgstr "" "➋ Un demonio con buenos modales debería crear un _pidfile_ de forma " "que su proceso se pueda encontrar de forma más fácil y segura. La variable " "`pidfile`, si está establecida, le dice a man:rc.subr[8] dónde puede " "encontrar el pidfile para que lo usen sus métodos por defecto." #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:461 msgid "" "In fact, man:rc.subr[8] will also use the pidfile to see if the daemon is " "already running before starting it. This check can be skipped by using the " "`faststart` argument." msgstr "" "De hecho, man:rc.subr[8] también usará el pidfile para ver si el demonio " "está corriendo antes de arrancarlo. Esta comprobación se puede omitir " "utilizando el argumento `faststart`." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:466 msgid "" "➌ If the daemon cannot run unless certain files exist, just list them " "in `required_files`, and man:rc.subr[8] will check that those files do exist " "before starting the daemon. There also are `required_dirs` and " "`required_vars` for directories and environment variables, respectively. " "They all are described in detail in man:rc.subr[8]." msgstr "" "➌ Si el demonio no puede ejecutarse a menos que exista cierto " "fichero, tan solo inclúyelos en la lista `required_files`, y man:rc.subr[8] " "comprobará que esos ficheros existen antes de arrancar el demonio. También " "existen `required_dirs` y `required_vars` para directorios y variables de " "entorno respectivamente. Todas ellas están descritas con detalle en man:rc." "subr[8]." #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:470 msgid "" "The default method from man:rc.subr[8] can be forced to skip the " "prerequisite checks by using `forcestart` as the argument to the script." msgstr "" "Se puede forzar el método por defecto de man:rc.subr[8] para que se salte " "las comprobaciones de prerequisitos utilizando `forcestart` como argumento " "del script." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:476 msgid "" "➍ We can customize signals to send to the daemon in case they differ " "from the well-known ones. In particular, `sig_reload` specifies the signal " "that makes the daemon reload its configuration; it is SIGHUP by default. " "Another signal is sent to stop the daemon process; the default is SIGTERM, " "but this can be changed by setting `sig_stop` appropriately." msgstr "" "➍ Podemos personalizar qué señales enviar al demonio en caso de que " "difieran de las que son bien conocidas. En particular, `sig_reload` " "especifica la señal que hace que el demonio recargue su configuración; es " "SIGHUP por defecto. Otra señal se envía para parar el proceso del demonio; " "por defecto es SIGTERM, pero se puede cambiar estableciendo `sig_stop` de " "forma apropiada." #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:481 msgid "" "The signal names should be specified to man:rc.subr[8] without the `SIG` " "prefix, as it is shown in the example. The FreeBSD version of man:kill[1] " "can recognize the `SIG` prefix, but the versions from other OS types may not." msgstr "" "Los nombres de las señales se tienen que especificar a man:rc.subr[8] sin el " "prefijo `SIG`, como se muestra en el ejemplo. La versión de man:kill[1] de " "FreeBSD puede reconocer el prefijo `SIG`, pero versiones de otros tipos de " "OS podrían no hacerlo." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:486 msgid "" "➎➏ Performing additional tasks before or after the default " "methods is easy. For each command-argument supported by our script, we can " "define `argument_precmd` and `argument_postcmd`. These man:sh[1] commands " "are invoked before and after the respective method, as it is evident from " "their names." msgstr "" "➎➏ Realizar tareas adicionales antes o después de los métodos " "por defecto es fácil. Para cada comando-argumento soportado por nuestro " "script, podemos definir `argument_precmd` y `argument_postcmd`. Estos " "comandos man:sh[1] se invocan antes y después del método respectivo, como es " "evidente por sus nombres." #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:492 msgid "" "Overriding a default method with a custom `argument_cmd` still does not " "prevent us from making use of `argument_precmd` or `argument_postcmd` if we " "need to. In particular, the former is good for checking custom, " "sophisticated conditions that should be met before performing the command " "itself. Using `argument_precmd` along with `argument_cmd` lets us logically " "separate the checks from the action." msgstr "" "Sobrescribir un método por defecto con un `argument_cmd` personalizado no " "nos impide usar `argument_precmd` o `argument_postcmd` si lo necesitamos. En " "particular, el primero es bueno para comprobar condiciones sofisticadas, " "personalizadas que se deberían cumplir antes de ejecutar el comando. Usar " "`argument_precmd` junto con `argument_cmd` nos permite realizar una " "separación lógica de las comprobaciones y la acción." #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:495 msgid "" "Do not forget that you can cram any valid man:sh[1] expressions into the " "methods, pre-, and post-commands you define. Just invoking a function that " "makes the real job is a good style in most cases, but never let style limit " "your understanding of what is going on behind the curtain." msgstr "" "No olvides que puedes poner cualquier expresión man:sh[1] válida dentro de " "los métodos, pre-, y post-commands que defines. Invocar simplemente una " "función que realiza el trabajo es un buen estilo en la mayoría de los casos, " "pero nunca dejes que el estilo limite tu entendimiento de lo que sucede por " "debajo." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:498 msgid "" "➐ If we would like to implement custom arguments, which can also be " "thought of as _commands_ to our script, we need to list them in " "`extra_commands` and provide methods to handle them." msgstr "" "➐ Si quieres implementar argumentos personalizados, que también se " "pueden entender como _comandos_ para nuestro script, necesitamos listarlos " "en `extra_commands` y proporcionar métodos para manejarlos." #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:506 msgid "" "The `reload` command is special. On the one hand, it has a preset method in " "man:rc.subr[8]. On the other hand, `reload` is not offered by default. The " "reason is that not all daemons use the same reload mechanism and some have " "nothing to reload at all. So we need to ask explicitly that the builtin " "functionality be provided. We can do so via `extra_commands`." msgstr "" "El comando `reload` es especial. Por un lados tiene un método preestablecido " "en man:rc.subr[8]. Por otro, `reload` no se ofrece por defecto. El motivo es " "que no todos los demonios usan el mismo mecanismo de recarga y algunos no " "tienen nada que recargar. De forma que tenemos que pedir explícitamente que " "se proporcione la funcionalidad. Podemos hacerlo mediante `extra_commands`." #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:510 msgid "" "What do we get from the default method for `reload`? Quite often daemons " "reload their configuration upon reception of a signal - typically, SIGHUP. " "Therefore man:rc.subr[8] attempts to reload the daemon by sending a signal " "to it. The signal is preset to SIGHUP but can be customized via " "`sig_reload` if necessary." msgstr "" "¿Qué obtenemos del método por defecto para `reload`? A menudo los demonios " "recargan su configuración al recibir una señal - típicamente, SIGHUP. Por lo " "tanto man:rc.subr[8] intenta recargar el demonio enviándole una señal. La " "están señal está preestablecida a SIGHUP pero se puede cambiar mediante " "`sig_reload` si es necesario." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:515 msgid "" "➑⓮ Our script supports two non-standard commands, `plugh` and " "`xyzzy`. We saw them listed in `extra_commands`, and now it is time to " "provide methods for them. The method for `xyzzy` is just inlined while that " "for `plugh` is implemented as the `mumbled_plugh` function." msgstr "" "➑⓮ Nuestro script soporta dos comandos no estándar, `plugh` y " "`xyzzy`. Los hemos visto listados en `extra_commands`, y ahora es momento de " "proporcionarles métodos. El método para `xyzzy` está entre líneas mientras " "que el de `plugh` se implementa en la función `mumbled_plugh`." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:519 msgid "" "Non-standard commands are not invoked during startup or shutdown. Usually " "they are for the system admin's convenience. They can also be used from " "other subsystems, e.g., man:devd[8] if specified in man:devd.conf[5]." msgstr "" "Los comandos no estándar no se invocan durante el arranque o el apagado. " "Normalmente están ahí por conveniencia para los administradores. También se " "pueden usar desde otros subsistemas, por ejemplo, man:devd[8] si se " "especifica en man:devd.conf[5]." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:522 msgid "" "The full list of available commands can be found in the usage line printed " "by man:rc.subr[8] when the script is invoked without arguments. For " "example, here is the usage line from the script under study:" msgstr "" "Se puede encontrar la lista completa de comandos disponibles en la línea de " "uso imprimida por man:rc.subr[8] cuando se invoca el script sin argumentos. " "Por ejemplo, esta es la línea de uso para el script que estamos estudiando:" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:527 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# /etc/rc.d/mumbled\n" "Usage: /etc/rc.d/mumbled [fast|force|one](start|stop|restart|rcvar|reload|plugh|xyzzy|status|poll)\n" msgstr "" "# /etc/rc.d/mumbled\n" "Usage: /etc/rc.d/mumbled " "[fast|force|one](start|stop|restart|rcvar|reload|plugh|xyzzy|status|poll)\n" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:534 msgid "" "⓭ A script can invoke its own standard or non-standard commands if " "needed. This may look similar to calling functions, but we know that " "commands and shell functions are not always the same thing. For instance, " "`xyzzy` is not implemented as a function here. In addition, there can be a " "pre-command and post-command, which should be invoked orderly. So the " "proper way for a script to run its own command is by means of man:rc." "subr[8], as shown in the example." msgstr "" "⓭ Un script puede invocar sus comandos estándar y no estándar si lo " "necesita. Esto parece similar a llamar a funciones, pero sabemos que los " "comandos y funciones del shell no son siempre la misma cosa. Por ejemplo, " "`xyzzy` aquí no se implementa como una función. Además, puede haber pre-" "comandos y post-comandos, que se deberían invocar en orden. De modo que la " "forma apropiada para que un script ejecute sus propios comandos es mediante " "man:rc.subr[8], como se muestra en el ejemplo." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:540 msgid "" "➒ A handy function named `checkyesno` is provided by man:rc.subr[8]. " "It takes a variable name as its argument and returns a zero exit code if and " "only if the variable is set to `YES`, or `TRUE`, or `ON`, or `1`, case " "insensitive; a non-zero exit code is returned otherwise. In the latter " "case, the function tests the variable for being set to `NO`, `FALSE`, `OFF`, " "or `0`, case insensitive; it prints a warning message if the variable " "contains anything else, i.e., junk." msgstr "" "➒ man:rc.subr[8] proporciona una función útil llamada `checkyesno`. " "Admite una variable como argumento y devuelve cero si y sólo si la variable " "está establecida a `YES`, o `TRUE`, o `ON`, o `1`, sin considerar mayúsculas " "y minúsculas; devuelve un valor distinto de cero en caso contrario. En el " "último caso, la función comprueba que la variable esté establecida a `NO`, " "`FALSE`, `OFF`, o `0`, sin distinguir entre mayúsculas y minúsculas; imprime " "un aviso si la variable contiene cualquier otra cosa, es decir, basura." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:542 msgid "" "Keep in mind that for man:sh[1] a zero exit code means true and a non-zero " "exit code means false." msgstr "" "Ten en cuenta que para man:sh[1] un código de salida igual a cero significa " "verdadero y distinto de cero significa falso." #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:547 msgid "" "The `checkyesno` function takes a __variable name__. Do not pass the " "expanded _value_ of a variable to it; it will not work as expected." msgstr "" "La función `checkyesno` admite un __nombre de variable__. No pases el " "_valor_ expandido de una variable; no funcionará como se espera." #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:549 msgid "The following is the correct usage of `checkyesno`:" msgstr "Lo siguiente es un uso correcto de `checkyesno`:" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:555 #, no-wrap msgid "" "if checkyesno mumbled_enable; then\n" " foo\n" "fi\n" msgstr "" "if checkyesno mumbled_enable; then\n" " foo\n" "fi\n" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:558 msgid "" "On the contrary, calling `checkyesno` as shown below will not work - at " "least not as expected:" msgstr "" "Por el contrario, llamar a `checkyesno` como se muestra abajo no funcionará -" " al menos no como se espera:" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:564 #, no-wrap msgid "" "if checkyesno \"${mumbled_enable}\"; then\n" " foo\n" "fi\n" msgstr "" "if checkyesno \"${mumbled_enable}\"; then\n" " foo\n" "fi\n" #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:569 msgid "" "➓ [[rc-flags]]We can affect the flags to be passed to `$command` by " "modifying `rc_flags` in `$start_precmd`." msgstr "" "➓ [[rc-flags]]Podemos alterar los flags que se pasan a `$command` " "modificando `rc_flags` en `$start_precmd`." #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:573 msgid "" "⓫ In certain cases we may need to emit an important message that " "should go to `syslog` as well. This can be done easily with the following " "man:rc.subr[8] functions: `debug`, `info`, `warn`, and `err`. The latter " "function then exits the script with the code specified." msgstr "" "⓫ En algunos casos podríamos necesitar emitir un mensaje importante " "que debería ir también a `syslog`. Se puede hacer fácilmente con las " "siguientes funciones de man:rc.subr[8]: `debug`, `info`, `warn`, y `err`. La " "última función sale del script con el código especificado." #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:577 msgid "" "⓬ The exit codes from methods and their pre-commands are not just " "ignored by default. If `argument_precmd` returns a non-zero exit code, the " "main method will not be performed. In turn, `argument_postcmd` will not be " "invoked unless the main method returns a zero exit code." msgstr "" "⓬ Los códigos de salida de los métodos y sus pre-comandos no se " "ignoran simplemente por defecto. Si `argument_precmd` devuelve un código de " "salida distinto de cero, el método principal no se ejecutará. Del mismo " "modo, `argument_postcmd` no será invocado a menos que el método principal " "devuelva un código de salida igual a cero." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:581 msgid "" "However, man:rc.subr[8] can be instructed from the command line to ignore " "those exit codes and invoke all commands anyway by prefixing an argument " "with `force`, as in `forcestart`." msgstr "" "Sin embargo, desde la línea de comando se puede indicar a man:rc.subr[8] que " "ignore esos códigos de salida e invoque todos los comandos añadiendo el " "prefijo `force` a los argumentos, como en `forcestart`." #. type: Title == #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:584 #, no-wrap msgid "Connecting a script to the rc.d framework" msgstr "Conectando un script al framework rc.d" #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:591 msgid "" "After a script has been written, it needs to be integrated into [." "filename]#rc.d#. The crucial step is to install the script in [.filename]#/" "etc/rc.d# (for the base system) or [.filename]#/usr/local/etc/rc.d# (for " "ports). Both [.filename]#bsd.prog.mk# and [.filename]#bsd.port.mk# provide " "convenient hooks for that, and usually you do not have to worry about the " "proper ownership and mode. System scripts should be installed from [." "filename]#src/libexec/rc/rc.d# through the [.filename]#Makefile# found " "there. Port scripts can be installed using `USE_RC_SUBR` as described " "extref:{porters-handbook}[in the Porter's Handbook, rc-scripts]." msgstr "" "Después de que se ha escrito un script, es necesario integrarlo en [." "filename]#rc.d#. El paso crucial es instalar el script en [.filename]#/etc/rc" ".d# (para el sistema base) o [.filename]#/usr/local/etc/rc.d# (para los " "ports). Tanto [.filename]#bsd.prog.mk# como [.filename]#bsd.port.mk# " "proporcionan los hooks necesarios para ello, y normalmente no tienes que " "preocuparte acerca de los permisos y el propietario. Los scripts de sistema " "deberían instalarse desde [.filename]#src/libexec/rc/rc.d# mediante el [." "filename]#Makefile# que se encuentra allí. Los scripts de ports se pueden " "instalar con `USE_RC_SUBR` como se describe extref:{porters-handbook}[en el " "Porter's Handbook, rc-scripts]." #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:596 msgid "" "However, we should consider beforehand the place of our script in the system " "startup sequence. The service handled by our script is likely to depend on " "other services. For instance, a network daemon cannot function without the " "network interfaces and routing up and running. Even if a service seems to " "demand nothing, it can hardly start before the basic filesystems have been " "checked and mounted." msgstr "" "Sin embargo, debemos considerar de antemano el lugar de nuestro script en la " "secuencia de inicio del sistema. Es probable que el servicio manejado por " "nuestro script dependa de otros servicios. Por ejemplo, un demonio de red no " "puede funcionar sin las interfaces de red y enrutamiento en funcionamiento. " "Incluso si un servicio parece no exigir nada, difícilmente puede iniciarse " "antes de que se hayan verificado y montado los sistemas de archivos básicos." #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:602 msgid "" "We mentioned man:rcorder[8] already. Now it is time to have a close look at " "it. In a nutshell, man:rcorder[8] takes a set of files, examines their " "contents, and prints a dependency-ordered list of files from the set to " "`stdout`. The point is to keep dependency information _inside_ the files so " "that each file can speak for itself only. A file can specify the following " "information:" msgstr "" "Ya hemos mencionado man:rcorder[8]. Ahora es momento de mirarlo " "detenidamente. En pocas palabras, man:rcorder[8] toma un conjunto de " "ficheros, examina el contenido e imprime una lista ordenada de dependencias " "de ficheros del conjunto a `stdout`. El objetivo es mantener la información " "de dependencia _dentro_ de los ficheros de forma que cada uno de ellos sólo " "habla por sí mismo. Un fichero puede especificar la siguiente información:" #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:604 msgid "" "the names of the \"conditions\" (which means services to us) it __provides__;" msgstr "" "los nombres de las \"condiciones\" (lo que para nosotros significa servicios)" " que __proporciona__;" #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:605 msgid "the names of the \"conditions\" it __requires__;" msgstr "los nombres de las \"condiciones\" que __requiere__;" #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:606 msgid "the names of the \"conditions\" this file should run __before__;" msgstr "" "los nombres de las \"condiciones\" para las cuales este fichero debería " "ejecutarse _con anterioridad_;" #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:607 msgid "" "additional _keywords_ that can be used to select a subset from the whole set " "of files (man:rcorder[8] can be instructed via options to include or omit " "the files having particular keywords listed.)" msgstr "" "_palabras clave_ adicionales que se pueden usar para seleccionar un " "subconjunto de todo el conjunto de ficheros (se puede indicar a " "man:rcorder[8] mediante opciones que incluya u omita ficheros que contengan " "determinadas palabras clave)" #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:612 msgid "" "It is no surprise that man:rcorder[8] can handle only text files with a " "syntax close to that of man:sh[1]. That is, special lines understood by man:" "rcorder[8] look like man:sh[1] comments. The syntax of such special lines " "is rather rigid to simplify their processing. See man:rcorder[8] for " "details." msgstr "" "No es sorprendente que man:rcorder[8] pueda manejar sólo ficheros de texto " "con una sintaxis similar a la de man:sh[1]. Es decir, las líneas especiales " "entendidas por man:rcorder[8] se parecen a comentarios de man:sh[1]. La " "sintaxis de dichas líneas especiales es bastante rígida para simplificar su " "procesamiento. Lee man:rcorder[8] para más detalles." #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:615 msgid "" "Besides using man:rcorder[8] special lines, a script can insist on its " "dependency upon another service by just starting it forcibly. This can be " "needed when the other service is optional and will not start by itself " "because the system admin has disabled it mistakenly in man:rc.conf[5]." msgstr "" "Además de utilizar líneas especiales de man:rcorder[8], un script puede " "incidir en sus dependencias de otro servicio forzando su arranque. Esto " "podría ser necesario cuando el otro servicio es opcional y no arrancará por " "sí mismo porque el administrador lo ha deshabilitado por error en man:rc." "conf[5]." #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:617 msgid "" "With this general knowledge in mind, let us consider the simple daemon " "script enhanced with dependency stuff:" msgstr "" "Con este conocimiento general en mente, consideremos el script demonio " "simple mejorado con información de dependencia:" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:626 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# PROVIDE: mumbled oldmumble <.>\n" "# REQUIRE: DAEMON cleanvar frotz <.>\n" "# BEFORE: LOGIN <.>\n" "# KEYWORD: nojail shutdown <.>\n" msgstr "" "# PROVIDE: mumbled oldmumble <.>\n" "# REQUIRE: DAEMON cleanvar frotz <.>\n" "# BEFORE: LOGIN <.>\n" "# KEYWORD: nojail shutdown <.>\n" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:634 #, no-wrap msgid "" "command=\"/usr/sbin/${name}\"\n" "start_precmd=\"${name}_prestart\"\n" msgstr "" "command=\"/usr/sbin/${name}\"\n" "start_precmd=\"${name}_prestart\"\n" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:643 #, no-wrap msgid "" "mumbled_prestart()\n" "{\n" "\tif ! checkyesno frotz_enable && \\\n" "\t ! /etc/rc.d/frotz forcestatus 1>/dev/null 2>&1; then\n" "\t\tforce_depend frotz || return 1 <.>\n" "\tfi\n" "\treturn 0\n" "}\n" msgstr "" "mumbled_prestart()\n" "{\n" "\tif ! checkyesno frotz_enable && \\\n" "\t ! /etc/rc.d/frotz forcestatus 1>/dev/null 2>&1; then\n" "\t\tforce_depend frotz || return 1 <.>\n" "\tfi\n" "\treturn 0\n" "}\n" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:649 msgid "As before, detailed analysis follows:" msgstr "Como antes, sigue un análisis detallado:" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:652 msgid "" "➊ That line declares the names of \"conditions\" our script " "provides. Now other scripts can record a dependency on our script by those " "names." msgstr "" "➊ Esa línea declara los nombres de las \"condiciones\" que " "proporciona nuestro script. Ahora otros scripts pueden registrar una " "dependencia de nuestro script usando dichos nombres." #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:657 msgid "" "Usually a script specifies a single condition provided. However, nothing " "prevents us from listing several conditions there, e.g., for compatibility " "reasons." msgstr "" "Por lo general, un script especifica una sola condición proporcionada. Sin " "embargo, nada nos impide enumerar varias condiciones allí, por ejemplo, por " "razones de compatibilidad." #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:659 msgid "" "In any case, the name of the main, or the only, `PROVIDE:` condition should " "be the same as `${name}`." msgstr "" "En cualquier caso, el nombre de la condición `PROVIDE:` principal, o única, " "debería ser el mismo que `${name}`." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:663 msgid "" "➋➌ So our script indicates which \"conditions\" provided by " "other scripts it depends on. According to the lines, our script asks man:" "rcorder[8] to put it after the script(s) providing [.filename]#DAEMON# and [." "filename]#cleanvar#, but before that providing [.filename]#LOGIN#." msgstr "" "➋➌ Nuestro script indica de qué \"condiciones\" depende que " "son proporcionadas por otros scripts. Según esas líneas nuestro script pide " "a man:rcorder[8] situarlo después del script (o los scripts) que " "proporcionan [.filename]#DAEMON# y [.filename]#cleanvar#, pero antes de los " "que proporcionan [.filename]#LOGIN#." #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:669 msgid "" "The `BEFORE:` line should not be abused to work around an incomplete " "dependency list in the other script. The appropriate case for using `BEFORE:" "` is when the other script does not care about ours, but our script can do " "its task better if run before the other one. A typical real-life example is " "the network interfaces vs. the firewall: While the interfaces do not depend " "on the firewall in doing their job, the system security will benefit from " "the firewall being ready before there is any network traffic." msgstr "" "No se debería abusar de la línea `BEFORE:` para evitar una lista de " "dependencias incompleta en el otro script. El caso apropiado para usar " "`BEFORE:` es cuando el otro script no se preocupa por el nuestro, pero " "nuestro script puede hacer mejor su tarea si se ejecuta antes que el otro. " "Un ejemplo típico de la vida real son las interfaces de red frente al " "firewall: si bien las interfaces no dependen del firewall para hacer su " "trabajo, la seguridad del sistema se beneficiará de que el firewall esté " "listo antes de que haya tráfico de red." #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:673 msgid "" "Besides conditions corresponding to a single service each, there are meta-" "conditions and their \"placeholder\" scripts used to ensure that certain " "groups of operations are performed before others. These are denoted by [." "filename]#UPPERCASE# names. Their list and purposes can be found in man:" "rc[8]." msgstr "" "Además de las condiciones que se corresponden con un solo servicio, hay meta-" "condiciones y sus scripts tipo \"placeholder\" para asegurar que ciertos " "grupos de operaciones se ejecutan antes que otras. Se distinguen por sus " "nombres en [.filename]#MAYÚSCULAS#. Su listado y propósito se puede " "encontrar en man:rc[8]." #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:679 msgid "" "Keep in mind that putting a service name in the `REQUIRE:` line does not " "guarantee that the service will actually be running by the time our script " "starts. The required service may fail to start or just be disabled in man:" "rc.conf[5]. Obviously, man:rcorder[8] cannot track such details, and man:" "rc[8] will not do that either. Consequently, the application started by our " "script should be able to cope with any required services being unavailable. " "In certain cases, we can help it as discussed <<forcedep, below>>" msgstr "" "Ten en cuenta que poner un nombre de servicio en la línea `REQUIRE:` no " "garantiza que el servicio se esté ejecutando cuando nuestro script arranque. " "El servicio podría fallar al arrancar o estar deshabilitado en man:rc.conf[5]" ". Obviamente, man:rcorder[8] no puede controlar esos detalles y man:rc[8] " "tampoco lo hará. Por lo tanto, la aplicación arrancada por nuestro script " "debería ser capaz de lidiar con situaciones en las que algún servicio " "requerido no esté disponible. En ciertos casos, podemos evitarlo como se " "discute <<forcedep, abajo>>" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:684 msgid "" "[[keywords]]➍ As we remember from the above text, man:rcorder[8] " "keywords can be used to select or leave out some scripts. Namely any man:" "rcorder[8] consumer can specify through `-k` and `-s` options which keywords " "are on the \"keep list\" and \"skip list\", respectively. From all the " "files to be dependency sorted, man:rcorder[8] will pick only those having a " "keyword from the keep list (unless empty) and not having a keyword from the " "skip list." msgstr "" "[[keywords]]➍ Como recordamos del texto anterior, las palabras clave " "de man:rcorder[8] se pueden utilizar para seleccionar o excluir algunos " "scripts. Cualquier consumidor de man:rcorder[8] puede especificar mediante " "las opciones `-k` y `-s` qué palabras clave están en la lista \"a mantener\" " "y la lista \"a omitir\", respectivamente. De todos los ficheros que serán " "ordenados como dependencias, man:rcorder[8] escogerá sólo aquellos que " "tengan las palabras clave de la lista \"a mantener\" (a menos que esté vacía)" " y que no tenga la palabra clave en la lista \"a omitir\"." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:687 msgid "" "In FreeBSD, man:rcorder[8] is used by [.filename]#/etc/rc# and [.filename]#/" "etc/rc.shutdown#. These two scripts define the standard list of FreeBSD [." "filename]#rc.d# keywords and their meanings as follows:" msgstr "" "En FreeBSD, [.filename]#/etc/rc# y [.filename]#/etc/rc.shutdown# usan " "man:rcorder[8]. Estos dos scripts definen la lista estándar de palabras " "clave del [.filename]#rc.d# de FreeBSD y su significado es el que sigue:" #. type: Labeled list #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:688 #, no-wrap msgid "nojail" msgstr "nojail" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:690 msgid "" "The service is not for man:jail[8] environment. The automatic startup and " "shutdown procedures will ignore the script if inside a jail." msgstr "" "El servicio no es para un entorno man:jail[8]. Los procedimientos " "automáticos de arranque y parada ignorarán el script si está dentro de un " "jail." #. type: Labeled list #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:691 #, no-wrap msgid "nostart" msgstr "nostart" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:694 msgid "" "The service is to be started manually or not started at all. The automatic " "startup procedure will ignore the script. In conjunction with the [." "filename]#shutdown# keyword, this can be used to write scripts that do " "something only at system shutdown." msgstr "" "El servicio se tiene que arrancar manualmente o no se arrancará. El " "procedimiento de arranque automático ignorará el script. Esto se puede usar, " "junto con la palabra clave [.filename]#shutdown#, para escribir scripts que " "hace algo sólo cuando se para el sistema." #. type: Labeled list #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:695 #, no-wrap msgid "shutdown" msgstr "shutdown" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:696 msgid "" "This keyword is to be listed __explicitly__ if the service needs to be " "stopped before system shutdown." msgstr "" "Esta palabra clave se especifica __explícitamente__ si se necesita parar el " "servicio antes de la parada del sistema." #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:709 msgid "" "When the system is going to shut down, [.filename]#/etc/rc.shutdown# runs. " "It assumes that most [.filename]#rc.d# scripts have nothing to do at that " "time. Therefore [.filename]#/etc/rc.shutdown# selectively invokes [." "filename]#rc.d# scripts with the [.filename]#shutdown# keyword, effectively " "ignoring the rest of the scripts. For even faster shutdown, [.filename]#/" "etc/rc.shutdown# passes the [.filename]#faststop# command to the scripts it " "runs so that they skip preliminary checks, e.g., the pidfile check. As " "dependent services should be stopped before their prerequisites, [." "filename]#/etc/rc.shutdown# runs the scripts in reverse dependency order. " "If writing a real [.filename]#rc.d# script, you should consider whether it " "is relevant at system shutdown time. E.g., if your script does its work in " "response to the [.filename]#start# command only, then you need not to " "include this keyword. However, if your script manages a service, it is " "probably a good idea to stop it before the system proceeds to the final " "stage of its shutdown sequence described in man:halt[8]. In particular, a " "service should be stopped explicitly if it needs considerable time or " "special actions to shut down cleanly. A typical example of such a service " "is a database engine." msgstr "" "Cuando el sistema se va a apagar, se ejecuta [.filename]#/etc/rc.shutdown#. " "Asume que la mayoría de los scripts [.filename]#rc.d# no tienen nada que " "hacer la mayoría del tiempo. Por lo tanto [.filename]#/etc/rc.shutdown# " "invoca los scripts de [.filename]#rc.d# de forma selectiva con la palabra " "clave [.filename]#shutdown#, ignorando de forma efectiva el resto de los " "scripts. Para hacer un apagado incluso más rápido [.filename]#/etc/rc." "shutdown# pasa el comando [.filename]#faststop# a los scripts que ejecuta de " "forma que se salten las comprobaciones preliminares, por ejemplo la " "comprobación del pidfile. Como los servicios dependientes se deberían parar " "antes que sus prerequisitos, [.filename]#/etc/rc.shutdown# ejecuta los " "scripts en orden inverso de dependencia. Si escribes un script [.filename]#rc" ".d#, deberías considerar si es relevante en el momento del apagado. Por " "ejemplo, si tu script hace su trabajo como respuesta sólo al comando [." "filename]#start#, entonces no necesitas incluir esta palabra clave. Sin " "embargo, si tu script gestiona un servicio, probablemente es una buena idea " "pararlo antes de que el sistema proceda a la fase final de su secuencia de " "apagado descrito en man:halt[8]. En particular, un servicio se debería parar " "de forma explícita si necesita un tiempo considerable o acciones especiales " "para pararse de forma limpia. Un ejemplo típico de dicho servicio es un " "motor de bases de datos." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:713 msgid "" "[[forcedep]]➎ To begin with, `force_depend` should be used with much " "care. It is generally better to revise the hierarchy of configuration " "variables for your [.filename]#rc.d# scripts if they are interdependent." msgstr "" "[[forcedep]]➎ Para empezar, `force_depend` debería usarse con mucho " "cuidado. Normalmente es mejor revisar la jerarquía de variables de " "configuración para tu script de [.filename]#rc.d# si son interdependientes." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:722 msgid "" "If you still cannot do without `force_depend`, the example offers an idiom " "of how to invoke it conditionally. In the example, our `mumbled` daemon " "requires that another one, `frotz`, be started in advance. However, `frotz` " "is optional, too; and man:rcorder[8] knows nothing about such details. " "Fortunately, our script has access to all man:rc.conf[5] variables. If " "`frotz_enable` is true, we hope for the best and rely on [.filename]#rc.d# " "to have started `frotz`. Otherwise we forcibly check the status of " "`frotz`. Finally, we enforce our dependency on `frotz` if it is found to be " "not running. A warning message will be emitted by `force_depend` because it " "should be invoked only if a misconfiguration has been detected." msgstr "" "Si aún así no puedes evitar usar `force_depend`, el ejemplo ofrece una forma " "habitual de cómo invocarlo de forma condicional. En el ejemplo, nuestro " "demonio `mumbled` requiere que otro, `frotz`, se arranque con antelación. " "Sin embargo, `frotz` también es opcional; y man:rcorder[8] no sabe nada " "acerca de ese detalle. Afortunadamente, nuestro script tiene acceso a todas " "las variables de man:rc.conf[5]. Si `frotz_enable` es verdadero, esperamos " "lo mejor y confiamos en que [.filename]#rc.d# haya arrancado `frotz`. De lo " "contrario comprobamos el estado de `frotz`. Finalmente, forzamos nuestra " "dependencia de `frotz` si se constata que no se está ejecutando. " "`force_depend` emitirá un mensaje de aviso porque se debería invocar sólo si " "se ha detectado una mala configuración." #. type: Title == #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:724 #, no-wrap msgid "Giving more flexibility to an rc.d script" msgstr "Dar más flexibilidad a un script rc.d" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:733 msgid "" "When invoked during startup or shutdown, an [.filename]#rc.d# script is " "supposed to act on the entire subsystem it is responsible for. E.g., [." "filename]#/etc/rc.d/netif# should start or stop all network interfaces " "described by man:rc.conf[5]. Either task can be uniquely indicated by a " "single command argument such as `start` or `stop`. Between startup and " "shutdown, [.filename]#rc.d# scripts help the admin to control the running " "system, and it is when the need for more flexibility and precision arises. " "For instance, the admin may want to add the settings of a new network " "interface to man:rc.conf[5] and then to start it without interfering with " "the operation of the existing interfaces. Next time the admin may need to " "shut down a single network interface. In the spirit of the command line, " "the respective [.filename]#rc.d# script calls for an extra argument, the " "interface name." msgstr "" "Cuando se invoca durante el arranque o la parada, un script [.filename]#rc.d#" " se supone que actúa en todo el subsistema del que es responsable. Por " "ejemplo, [.filename]#/etc/rc.d/netif# debería arrancar o parar todas las " "interfaces de red descritas en man:rc.conf[5]. Se puede indicar cualquiera " "de los dos comandos utilizando un argumento como `start` o `stop`. Entre el " "arranque y la parada, los scripts [.filename]#rc.d# ayudan al administrador " "a controlar el sistema en ejecución, y es cuando surge la necesidad de mayor " "flexibilidad y precisión. Por ejemplo, el administrador podría querer añadir " "la configuración de una nueva interfaz de red a man:rc.conf[5] y luego " "arrancarla sin interferir con la operación de las interfaces existentes. La " "siguiente vez el administrador podría necesitar parar una interfaz de red " "concreta. Siguiendo el espíritu de la línea de comandos, el script " "respectivo de [.filename]#rc.d# necesita un argumento extra, el nombre de la " "interfaz." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:736 msgid "" "Fortunately, man:rc.subr[8] allows for passing any number of arguments to " "script's methods (within the system limits). Due to that, the changes in " "the script itself can be minimal." msgstr "" "Afortunadamente, man:rc.subr[8] permite pasar un número arbitrario de " "argumentos a los métodos del script (dentro de los límites del sistema). " "Debido a esto, los cambios en el script pueden ser mínimos." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:741 msgid "" "How can man:rc.subr[8] gain access to the extra command-line arguments. " "Should it just grab them directly? Not by any means. Firstly, an man:sh[1] " "function has no access to the positional parameters of its caller, but man:" "rc.subr[8] is just a sack of such functions. Secondly, the good manner of [." "filename]#rc.d# dictates that it is for the main script to decide which " "arguments are to be passed to its methods." msgstr "" "¿Cómo puede man:rc.subr[8] obtener acceso a los argumentos extra de la línea " "de comando? ¿Debería simplemente obtenerlos? De ningún modo. Primero, una " "función de man:sh[1] no tiene acceso a los parámetros posicionales del " "llamante, pero man:rc.subr[8] es simplemente una pila de dichas funciones. " "Segundo, las buenas maneras de [.filename]#rc.d# dictan que es el script " "principal el encargado de decidir qué argumentos se pasan a sus métodos." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:745 msgid "" "So the approach adopted by man:rc.subr[8] is as follows: `run_rc_command` " "passes on all its arguments but the first one to the respective method " "verbatim. The first, omitted, argument is the name of the method itself: " "`start`, `stop`, etc. It will be shifted out by `run_rc_command`, so what " "is `$2` in the original command line will be presented as `$1` to the " "method, and so on." msgstr "" "De modo que la aproximación de man:rc.subr[8] es como sigue: `run_rc_command`" " pasa todos sus argumentos salvo el primero de forma literal al método " "respectivo. El primer argumento, omitido, es el nombre del método en sí: " "`start`, `stop`, etc. `run_rc_commad` lo desplazará de forma que lo que es " "`$2` en la línea de comandos original se presentará como `$1` al método y " "así sucesivamente." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:748 msgid "" "To illustrate this opportunity, let us modify the primitive dummy script so " "that its messages depend on the additional arguments supplied. Here we go:" msgstr "" "Para ilustrar esta oportunidad, modifiquemos el script ficticio primitivo " "para que sus mensajes dependan de los argumentos adicionales proporcionados. " "Aquí vamos:" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:760 #, no-wrap msgid "" "name=\"dummy\"\n" "start_cmd=\"${name}_start\"\n" "stop_cmd=\":\"\n" "kiss_cmd=\"${name}_kiss\"\n" "extra_commands=\"kiss\"\n" msgstr "" "name=\"dummy\"\n" "start_cmd=\"${name}_start\"\n" "stop_cmd=\":\"\n" "kiss_cmd=\"${name}_kiss\"\n" "extra_commands=\"kiss\"\n" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:769 #, no-wrap msgid "" "dummy_start()\n" "{\n" " if [ $# -gt 0 ]; then <.>\n" " echo \"Greeting message: $*\"\n" " else\n" " echo \"Nothing started.\"\n" " fi\n" "}\n" msgstr "" "dummy_start()\n" "{\n" " if [ $# -gt 0 ]; then <.>\n" " echo \"Greeting message: $*\"\n" " else\n" " echo \"Nothing started.\"\n" " fi\n" "}\n" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:785 #, no-wrap msgid "" "dummy_kiss()\n" "{\n" " echo -n \"A ghost gives you a kiss\"\n" " if [ $# -gt 0 ]; then <.>\n" " echo -n \" and whispers: $*\"\n" " fi\n" " case \"$*\" in\n" " *[.!?])\n" " echo\n" " ;;\n" " *)\n" " echo .\n" " ;;\n" " esac\n" "}\n" msgstr "" "dummy_kiss()\n" "{\n" " echo -n \"A ghost gives you a kiss\"\n" " if [ $# -gt 0 ]; then <.>\n" " echo -n \" and whispers: $*\"\n" " fi\n" " case \"$*\" in\n" " *[.!?])\n" " echo\n" " ;;\n" " *)\n" " echo .\n" " ;;\n" " esac\n" "}\n" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:788 #, no-wrap msgid "" "load_rc_config $name\n" "run_rc_command \"$@\" <.>\n" msgstr "" "load_rc_config $name\n" "run_rc_command \"$@\" <.>\n" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:791 msgid "What essential changes can we notice in the script?" msgstr "¿Qué cambios esenciales podemos notar en el script?" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:796 msgid "" "➊ All arguments you type after `start` can end up as positional " "parameters to the respective method. We can use them in any way according " "to our task, skills, and fancy. In the current example, we just pass all of " "them to man:echo[1] as one string in the next line - note `$*` within the " "double quotes. Here is how the script can be invoked now:" msgstr "" "➊ Todos los argumentos que escribas después de `start` terminan como " "parámetros posicionales en el método respectivo. Podemos utilizarlos de " "cualquier forma de acuerdo con nuestra tarea, habilidades e imaginación. En " "el ejemplo actual, simplemente los pasamos todos a man:echo[1] como una " "cadena en la siguiente línea - fíjate en `$*` dentro de las comillas dobles. " "Aquí se ve cómo se puede invocar ahora el script:" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:801 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# /etc/rc.d/dummy start\n" "Nothing started.\n" msgstr "" "# /etc/rc.d/dummy start\n" "Nothing started.\n" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:804 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# /etc/rc.d/dummy start Hello world!\n" "Greeting message: Hello world!\n" msgstr "" "# /etc/rc.d/dummy start Hello world!\n" "Greeting message: Hello world!\n" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:808 msgid "" "➋ The same applies to any method our script provides, not only to a " "standard one. We have added a custom method named `kiss`, and it can take " "advantage of the extra arguments not less than `start` does. E.g.:" msgstr "" "➋ Lo mismo aplica a cualquier método proporcionado por nuestro " "script, no sólo a los estándar. Hemos añadido un método personalizado " "llamado `kiss` y puede aprovecharse de los argumentos extra del mismo modo " "que lo hace `start`. Ejemplo:" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:813 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# /etc/rc.d/dummy kiss\n" "A ghost gives you a kiss.\n" msgstr "" "# /etc/rc.d/dummy kiss\n" "A ghost gives you a kiss.\n" #. type: delimited block . 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:816 #, no-wrap msgid "" "# /etc/rc.d/dummy kiss Once I was Etaoin Shrdlu...\n" "A ghost gives you a kiss and whispers: Once I was Etaoin Shrdlu...\n" msgstr "" "# /etc/rc.d/dummy kiss Once I was Etaoin Shrdlu...\n" "A ghost gives you a kiss and whispers: Once I was Etaoin Shrdlu...\n" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:819 msgid "" "➌ If we want just to pass all extra arguments to any method, we can " "merely substitute `\"$@\"` for `\"$1\"` in the last line of our script, " "where we invoke `run_rc_command`." msgstr "" "➌ Si queremos pasar todos los argumentos extra a cualquier método, " "podemos simplemente sustituir `\"$@\"` por `\"$1\"` en la última línea de " "nuestro script, cuando invocamos `run_rc_command`." #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:825 msgid "" "An man:sh[1] programmer ought to understand the subtle difference between `" "$*` and `$@` as the ways to designate all positional parameters. For its in-" "depth discussion, refer to a good handbook on man:sh[1] scripting. _Do not_ " "use the expressions until you fully understand them because their misuse " "will result in buggy and insecure scripts." msgstr "" "Un programador de man:sh[1] tiene que entender la sutil diferencia entre `$*`" " y `$@` como formas de designar todos los parámetros posicionales. Para una " "discusión en profundidad, consulta un buen manual de script de man:sh[1]. " "_No_ uses las expresiones hasta que las entiendas completamente porque un " "uso inadecuado puede resultar en scripts defectuosos e inseguros." #. type: delimited block = 4 #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:832 msgid "" "Currently `run_rc_command` may have a bug that prevents it from keeping the " "original boundaries between arguments. That is, arguments with embedded " "whitespace may not be processed correctly. The bug stems from `$*` misuse." msgstr "" "Actualmente `run_rc_command` podría tener un bug que impide que mantenga los " "límites originales entre los argumentos. Es decir, los argumentos con " "espacios en blanco podrían no procesarse correctamente. El bug nace de un " "uso inadecuado de `$*`." #. type: Title == #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:835 #, no-wrap msgid "Further reading" msgstr "Otras lecturas" #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:839 msgid "" "[[lukem]]http://www.mewburn.net/luke/papers/rc.d.pdf[The original article by " "Luke Mewburn] offers a general overview of [.filename]#rc.d# and detailed " "rationale for its design decisions. It provides insight on the whole [." "filename]#rc.d# framework and its place in a modern BSD operating system." msgstr "" "[[lukem]]http://www.mewburn.net/luke/papers/rc.d.pdf[El artículo original de " "Luke Mewburn] ofrece una visión general de [.filename]#rc.d# y una " "explicación detallada de las decisiones de diseño. Proporciona información " "sobre todo el framework de [.filename]#rc.d# y su lugar de un sistema " "operativo BSD moderno." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:842 msgid "" "[[manpages]]The manual pages man:rc[8], man:rc.subr[8], and man:rcorder[8] " "document the [.filename]#rc.d# components in great detail. You cannot fully " "use the [.filename]#rc.d# power without studying the manual pages and " "referring to them while writing your own scripts." msgstr "" "[[manpages]] Las páginas del manual de man:rc[8], man:rc.subr[8], y " "man:rcorder[8] documentan los componentes de [.filename]#rc.d# en gran " "detalle. No puedes usar toda la potencia de [.filename]#rc.d# sin estudiar " "las páginas del manual y hacer referencia a ellas mientras escribes tus " "propios scripts." #. type: Plain text #: documentation/content/en/articles/rc-scripting/_index.adoc:846 msgid "" "The major source of working, real-life examples is [.filename]#/etc/rc.d# in " "a live system. Its contents are easy and pleasant to read because most " "rough corners are hidden deep in man:rc.subr[8]. Keep in mind though that " "the [.filename]#/etc/rc.d# scripts were not written by angels, so they might " "suffer from bugs and suboptimal design decisions. Now you can improve them!" msgstr "" "La mayor fuente de ejemplos de la vida real en funcionamiento es [." "filename]#/etc/rc.d# en un sistema real. Su contenido es fácil y agradable " "de leer porque la mayoría de los asuntos espinosos están escondidos en man:rc" ".subr[8]. De cualquier forma ten en cuenta que los scripts de [.filename]#/" "etc/rc.d# no han sido escritos por los ángeles, así que podrían tener bugs y " "decisiones de diseño subóptimas. ¡Ahora puedes mejorarlos!" #~ msgid "" #~ "include::shared/attributes/attributes-{{% lang %}}.adoc[] include::shared/" #~ "{{% lang %}}/teams.adoc[] include::shared/{{% lang %}}/mailing-lists." #~ "adoc[] include::shared/{{% lang %}}/urls.adoc[]" #~ msgstr "" #~ "include::shared/attributes/attributes-{{% lang %}}.adoc[]\n" #~ "include::shared/{{% lang %}}/teams.adoc[]\n" #~ "include::shared/{{% lang %}}/mailing-lists.adoc[]\n" #~ "include::shared/{{% lang %}}/urls.adoc[]"