CoCalc -- converting_rewrite

GitHub Repository: nginx/nginx.org
Path: blob/main/xml/cn/docs/http/converting_rewrite_rules.xml
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<!--
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  Copyright (C) Igor Sysoev
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  Copyright (C) Nginx, Inc.
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  -->
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<!DOCTYPE article SYSTEM "../../../../dtd/article.dtd">
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<article name="转换rewrite规则"
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         link="/cn/docs/http/converting_rewrite_rules.html"
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         rev="1"
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         lang="cn">
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<section name="重定向到主站">
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<para>
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共享站点的管理员，习惯于<i>只</i>在Apache下使用.htaccess文件配置<i>所有</i>信息，通常会将下面规则
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<programlisting>
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RewriteCond  %{HTTP_HOST}  example.org
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RewriteRule  (.*)          http://www.example.org$1
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</programlisting>
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翻译成这样：
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<programlisting>
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server {
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    listen       80;
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    server_name  www.example.org  example.org;
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    if ($http_host = example.org) {
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        rewrite  (.*)  http://www.example.org$1;
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    }
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    ...
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}
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</programlisting>
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</para>
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<para>
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这种做法是错的，复杂而且低效。正确的方式是为<literal>example.org</literal>定义一个单独的服务器：
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<programlisting>
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server {
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    listen       80;
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    server_name  example.org;
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    return       301 http://www.example.org$request_uri;
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}
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server {
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    listen       80;
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    server_name  www.example.org;
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    ...
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}
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</programlisting>
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<note>
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在0.9.1版本（含）以前，可以这样实现重定向：
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<programlisting>
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    rewrite      ^ http://www.example.org$request_uri?;
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</programlisting>
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</note>
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</para>
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</section>
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<section>
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<para>
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再举一个例子，处理一个和刚才相反的逻辑：既不是来自<literal>example.com</literal>，又不是来自<literal>www.example.com</literal>：
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<programlisting>
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RewriteCond  %{HTTP_HOST}  !example.com
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RewriteCond  %{HTTP_HOST}  !www.example.com
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RewriteRule  (.*)          http://www.example.com$1
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</programlisting>
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应该按下面这样分开定义<literal>example.com</literal>、<literal>www.example.com</literal>和其他站点：
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<programlisting>
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server {
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    listen       80;
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    server_name  example.com www.example.com;
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    ...
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}
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server {
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    listen       80 default_server;
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    server_name  _;
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    return       301 http://example.com$request_uri;
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}
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</programlisting>
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<note>
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在0.9.1版本（含）以前，可以这样实现重定向：
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<programlisting>
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    rewrite      ^ http://example.com$request_uri?;
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</programlisting>
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</note>
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</para>
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</section>
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<section id="converting_mongrel_rules"
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        name="转化混合规则">
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<para>
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典型的混合规则如下：
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<programlisting>
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DocumentRoot /var/www/myapp.com/current/public
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RewriteCond %{DOCUMENT_ROOT}/system/maintenance.html -f
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RewriteCond %{SCRIPT_FILENAME} !maintenance.html
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RewriteRule ^.*$ %{DOCUMENT_ROOT}/system/maintenance.html [L]
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RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -f
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RewriteRule ^(.*)$ $1 [QSA,L]
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RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME}/index.html -f
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RewriteRule ^(.*)$ $1/index.html [QSA,L]
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RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME}.html -f
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RewriteRule ^(.*)$ $1/index.html [QSA,L]
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RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ balancer://mongrel_cluster%{REQUEST_URI} [P,QSA,L]
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</programlisting>
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转换成nginx配置应该是这样：
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<programlisting>
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location / {
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    root       /var/www/myapp.com/current/public;
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    try_files  /system/maintenance.html
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               $uri  $uri/index.html $uri.html
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               @mongrel;
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}
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location @mongrel {
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    proxy_pass  http://mongrel;
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}
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</programlisting>
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</para>
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</section>
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</article>
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